一、MySQL复制
1、MySQL复制过程描述
MySQL主服务器上每一次发生的有可能产生修改或者产生修改的操作都会在主服务器上基于语句或基于行写入二进制日志,从服务器会在此期间启用一个IO线程不断的向主服务器发送请求,主服务器的二进制日志一但有更新,则会启用binlog dump线程,把数据发送给对方,从服务器接收到数据后则会将二进制日志的内容同步至本地的中继日志保存,而后启用SQL线程,将日志中的操作语句写入本地从服务器数据库;
2、mysql复制的同步和异步
同步:客户端向主服务器执行一条修改操作时,主服务器将操作记录至二进制日志,然后通知从服务器,从服务器接收到主服务器发送的二进制日志内容于是将这些操作写入中继日志,主服务器在从服务器的日志写入成功后,于是将执行结果返回给客户端;
异步:客户端向主服务器执行一条修改操作时,主服务器将操作记录至二进制日志,日志写好后于是将执行结果返回给客户端,中间全程不与从服务器通信;
二、MySQL互为主从模型实现基于SSL复制配置
主机A
hostname:mysql1.wumoumou.com
IP:172.16.36.1
MySQL: Server version: 5.5.33
主机B
hostname:mysql2.wumoumou.com
IP:172.16.36.2
MySQL: Server version: 5.5.33
1、为mysql建立安全的SSL加密
1)、在主服务器生成CA证书。进入目录/etc/pki/CA,在该目录创建CA的自签证书。
[[email protected] CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa 2048 > private/cakey.pem)
[[email protected] CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -days 3655 -out cacert.pem
2)、主机A上创建证书,并开启ssl功能
[[email protected] mysqldata]# mkdir ssl
[[email protected] mysqldata]# ls
binlog data ssl
[[email protected] mysqldata]# chown mysql.mysql ssl
[[email protected] mysqldata]# cd ssl
[[email protected] ssl]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa 1024 > master.key)
[[email protected] ssl]# openssl req -new -key master.key -out master.csr
[[email protected] ssl]# openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt
[[email protected] ssl]# chown mysql.mysql *
[[email protected] ssl]# ls
master.crt master.csr master.key
[[email protected] ssl]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
ssl
ssl-ca=/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
ssl-cert=/mysqldata/ssl/master.crt
ssl-key=/mysqldata/ssl/master.key
[[email protected] ssl]# service mysqld restart
[[email protected] ssl]# mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -p
mysql> show variables like ‘%ssl%‘;
+---------------+---------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+---------------------------+
| have_openssl | YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
| ssl_ca |/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem |
| ssl_capath ||
| ssl_cert |/mysqldata/ssl/master.crt |
| ssl_cipher ||
| ssl_key |/mysqldata/ssl/master.key |
+---------------+---------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
3)、在主机B上创建证书
[[email protected] mysqldata]# mkdir ssl
[[email protected] mysqldata]# chown mysql.mysql ssl
[[email protected] mysqldata]# cd ssl
[[email protected] ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa 1024 > slave.key)
[[email protected] ssl]# openssl req -new -key slave.key -out slave.csr
[[email protected] ssl]# scp slave.csr mysql1.wumoumou.com:/tmp
主机A签曙主机B的证书
[[email protected] ssl]# openssl ca -in /tmp/slave.csr -out /tmp/slave.crt
[[email protected] ssl]# scp /tmp/slave.crt mysql2.wumoumou.com:/mysqldata/ssl/
[[email protected] ssl]# scp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem mysql2.wumoumou.com:/mysqldata/ssl/
回到主机B,***权限
[[email protected] ssl]# chown mysql.mysql *
[[email protected] ssl]# ls
cacert.pem slave.crt slave.csr slave.key
4)、修改主机B中mysql配置文件,开启ssl功能
[[email protected] ssl]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
ssl
ssl-ca=/mysqldata/ssl/cacert.pem
ssl-cert=/mysqldata/ssl/slave.crt
ssl-key=/mysqldata/ssl/slave.key
[[email protected] ssl]# service mysqld restart
[[email protected] ssl]# mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -p
mysql> show variables like ‘%ssl%‘;
+---------------+---------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+---------------------------+
| have_openssl | YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
| ssl_ca |/mysqldata/ssl/cacert.pem |
| ssl_capath ||
| ssl_cert |/mysqldata/ssl/slave.crt |
| ssl_cipher ||
| ssl_key |/mysqldata/ssl/slave.key |
+---------------+---------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、配置两主机复制
1)、在两台服务器上各自建立一个具有复制权限的用户
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to ‘repluser‘@‘172.16.%.%‘ identified by ‘redhat‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2)、修改配置文件
主机A/etc/my.cnf:
datadir=/mysqldata/data
innodb_file_per_table=ON
log-bin=/mysqldata/binlog/master-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id =100
relay-log =/mysqldata/relaylog/relay-bin
auto-increment-offset=1# 起始值
auto-increment-increment=2# 步长
skip_slave_start # 跳过slave自动启动,不让从服务器的IO和SQL两线程自动启动;
[[email protected] mysqldata]# mkdir relaylog && chown mysql.mysql relaylog;
主机B/etc/my.cnf:
datadir=/mysqldata/data
innodb_file_per_table=ON
log-bin=/mysqldata/binlog/master-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id =200
relay-log =/mysqldata/relaylog/relay-bin
auto-increment-offset=2
auto-increment-increment=2
skip_slave_start
[[email protected] mysqldata]# mkdir relaylog && chown mysql.mysql relaylog;
3)、记录双方二进制日志位置
主机A:
mysql> show master status\G
***************************1. row ***************************
File: master-bin.000005
Position:107
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
主机B:
mysql> show master status\G
***************************1. row ***************************
File: master-bin.000004
Position:107
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
4)、各服务器接下来指定对另一台服务器为自己的主服务器即可
主机A:
mysql> change master to master_host=‘172.16.36.2‘,master_user=‘repluser‘,master_password=‘redhat‘,master_log_file=‘master-bin.000004‘,master_log_pos=107,master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca=‘/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem‘,master_ssl_cert=‘/mysqldata/ssl/master.crt‘,master_ssl_key=‘/mysqldata/ssl/master.key‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
***************************1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host:172.16.36.2
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port:3306
Connect_Retry:60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos:107
Relay_Log_File: mysql1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos:254
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:107
Relay_Log_Space:411
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0
Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes
Master_SSL_CA_File:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:/mysqldata/ssl/master.crt
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:/mysqldata/ssl/master.key
Seconds_Behind_Master:0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
主机B:
mysql> change master to master_host=‘172.16.36.1‘,master_user=‘repluser‘,master_password=‘redhat‘,master_log_file=‘master-bin.000005‘,master_log_pos=107,master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca=‘/mysqldata/ssl/cacert.pem‘,master_ssl_cert=‘/mysqldata/ssl/slave.crt‘,master_ssl_key=‘/mysqldata/ssl/slave.key‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
***************************1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host:172.16.36.1
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port:3306
Connect_Retry:60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos:107
Relay_Log_File: mysql2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos:254
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:107
Relay_Log_Space:411
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0
Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes
Master_SSL_CA_File:/mysqldata/ssl/cacert.pem
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:/mysqldata/ssl/slave.crt
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:/mysqldata/ssl/slave.key
Seconds_Behind_Master:0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:100
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5)、测试复制效果
主机A:
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use db1;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int(10) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name char(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 (name) value (‘tom‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 (name) value (‘jery‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|1| tom |
|3| jery |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主机B:
mysql> use db1;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_db1 |
+---------------+
| t1 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|1| tom |
|3| jery |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1(name) value(‘Jason Bourne‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert t1(name) value(‘James Bond‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+--------------+
| id | name |
+----+--------------+
|1| tom |
|3| jery |
|4| Jason Bourne |
|6| James Bond |
+----+--------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
因为使用了参数auto-increment-offset和auto-increment-increment配置两主机,因此数据库db1中t1表的id字段,奇数的归主机A插入,偶数的归主机B插入;
全文完!
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