Regular Expression Matching & Wildcard Matching

Regular Expression Matching

Implement regular expression matching with support for ‘.‘ and ‘*‘.

‘.‘ Matches any single character.
‘*‘ Matches zero or more of the preceding element.

The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).

The function prototype should be:
bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p)

Example

isMatch("aa","a") → false
isMatch("aa","aa") → true
isMatch("aaa","aa") → false
isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
isMatch("aa", ".*") → true
isMatch("ab", ".*") → true
isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → true


分析:

如果我面试的时候没有复习到这道题,然后面试官又考了这道题,我一定会在给面试官感谢信里写两个字:fuck you! 这家伙明显是不想让我过的意思。 我花了不止一个小时来理解这题的意思。

1. ‘*‘ Matches zero or more of the preceding element.

  意思不是说对于a*, 它只可以match a, aa, aaa, 无限多个a。它还可以match "" (空字符串)。卧槽,你想得到吗,你想得到吗,你真的想得到吗?你想不到吧!

2. ".*"意思是可以匹配任意字符串, 比如 “ddd”, "dda", "abc"。

3. 对于"a*b",它匹配“b”, 但是不匹配“a”.

4. 如果p开头为“*”,你得把它去除掉。

好了,如果你理解了上面部分,我们就可以用DP解决问题了。

我们首先创建一个二维数组来保存中间变量。

int m = p.length();
int n = s.length();
boolean[][] match = new boolean[m + 1][n + 1]; (p是横轴,s是纵轴)

match[i][j]表明对于p的前i - 1个字符,是否匹配s的前j - 1个字符。

这里分几种情况:

如果p.chartAt(i) 是“.” 或者p.charAt(i - 1) == s.charAt(j - 1), 那么我们有:

  match[i][j] = match[i - 1][j - 1];

如果p.chartAt(i) 不是“.” 并且 p.charAt(i - 1) != s.charAt(j - 1), 那么我们有:

  match[i][j] = false;

好了,关键点来了,如果p.chartAt(i) == ‘*’,那么怎么办呢?

  首先,如果p.charAt(i - 2) == ‘.‘ || p.charAt(i - 2) == s.charAt(j - 1)

那么我们是不是可以取match[i - 1][j - 1] (因为p.charAt(i - 1) == s.charAt(j - 1)如果上面条件成立), 或者 match[i - 2][j] ("x*" 直接变成 “”), 或者match[i][j - 1] ("x*" 变成 “x*x”) || match[i - 1][j] ("x*"变成 “x”);

  所以,我们有: match[i][j] = match[i - 1][j - 1] || match[i - 2][j] || match[i][j - 1] || match[i - 1][j];

如果p.charAt(i - 2) != s.charAt(j - 1), 我们就只有一种方法:

  match[i][j] = match[i - 2][j];

 1 public class Solution {
 2     /**
 3      * @param s: A string
 4      * @param p: A string includes "." and "*"
 5      * @return: A boolean
 6      */
 7     public boolean isMatch(String s, String p) {
 8         if (s == null || p == null) return false;
 9
10         while (p.length() >= 1 && p.charAt(0) == ‘*‘) {
11             p = p.substring(1);
12         }
13         int m = p.length();
14         int n = s.length();
15         boolean[][] match = new boolean[m + 1][n + 1];
16         match[0][0] = true;
17         for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
18             if (p.charAt(i - 1) == ‘*‘) {
19                 match[i][0] = match[i - 2][0];
20             }
21         }
22
23         for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
24             for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
25                 if (p.charAt(i - 1) == s.charAt(j - 1) || p.charAt(i - 1) == ‘.‘) {
26                     match[i][j] = match[i - 1][j - 1];
27                 } else if (p.charAt(i - 1) == ‘*‘) {
28                     if (p.charAt(i - 2) == ‘.‘ || p.charAt(i - 2) == s.charAt(j - 1)) {
29                         match[i][j] = match[i - 1][j - 1] || match[i - 2][j] || match[i][j - 1] || match[i - 1][j];
30                     } else {
31                         match[i][j] = match[i - 2][j];
32                     }
33                 } else {
34                     match[i][j] = false;
35                 }
36             }
37         }
38         return match[m][n];
39     }
40
41 }

Wildcard Matching

Implement wildcard pattern matching with support for ‘?‘ and ‘*‘.

  • ‘?‘ Matches any single character.
  • ‘*‘ Matches any sequence of characters (including the empty sequence).

The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).

Have you met this question in a real interview?

Yes

Example

isMatch("aa","a") → false
isMatch("aa","aa") → true
isMatch("aaa","aa") → false
isMatch("aa", "*") → true
isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
isMatch("ab", "?*") → true
isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → false
 1 public class Solution {
 2     /**
 3      * @param s: A string
 4      * @param p: A string includes "?" and "*"
 5      * @return: A boolean
 6      */
 7     public boolean isMatch(String s, String p) {
 8         if (s == null || p == null)
 9             return false;
10         boolean[][] match = new boolean[p.length() + 1][s.length() + 1];
11         match[0][0] = true;
12         for (int i = 1; i < match[0].length; i++) {
13             match[0][i] = false;
14         }
15
16         for (int i = 1; i < match.length; i++) {
17             if (p.charAt(i - 1) == ‘*‘) {
18                 match[i][0] = match[i - 1][0];
19             }
20         }
21
22         for (int i = 1; i < match.length; i++) {
23             for (int j = 1; j < match[0].length; j++) {
24                 if (p.charAt(i - 1) == s.charAt(j - 1) || p.charAt(i - 1) == ‘?‘) {
25                     match[i][j] = match[i - 1][j - 1];
26                 } else if (p.charAt(i - 1) == ‘*‘) {
27                     match[i][j] = match[i - 1][j - 1] || match[i - 1][j] || match[i][j - 1];
28                 }
29             }
30         }
31
32         return match[p.length()][s.length()];
33     }
34 }
时间: 2024-12-21 17:32:03

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