和其他所有数据库一样,权限的管理都差不多一样。mongodb存储所有的用户信息在admin 数据库的集合system.users中,保存用户名、密码和数据库信息。mongodb默认不启用授权认证,只要能连接到该服务器,就可连接到mongod。若要启用安全认证,需要更改配置文件参数auth。
以下测试理解
查看数据库:
> show dbs
发现 admin 竟然没有!~
找了好久,找不到相关说明,于是直接创建用户admin
use admin db.createUser( { user: "admin", pwd: "admin", roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ] } )
成功创建,再查询admin中的集合,有数据了!
> show collections system.indexes system.users system.version
查看3个集合的信息:
> db.system.users.find(); { "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "cFISfpbm04pmIFpqiL340g==", "storedKey" : "WG1DSEEEHUZUBjsjsnEA4RFVY2M=", "serverKey" : "9Lm+IX6l9kfaE/4C25/ghsQpDkE=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } > > db.system.indexes.find(); { "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "admin.system.version" } { "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "admin.system.users" } { "v" : 1, "unique" : true, "key" : { "user" : 1, "db" : 1 }, "name" : "user_1_db_1", "ns" : "admin.system.users" } > > db.system.version.find(); { "_id" : "authSchema", "currentVersion" : 5 } >
现在启用 auth:
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/mongod.conf
auth=true
重启 mongod 服务:
[[email protected] ~]# service mongod restart
直接默认登录,查看集合,发现无权操作了:
[[email protected] ~]# mongo
[[email protected] ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > show dbs 2015-05-09T21:57:03.176-0700 E QUERY Error: listDatabases failed:{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }", "code" : 13 } at Error (<anonymous>) at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15) at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33) at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36) at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47 >
刚才在数据库 admin 创建了一个账户 admin ,先到数据admin进来连接(其他db则失败):
[[email protected] ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > > db.auth("admin","admin") Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > use mydb switched to db mydb > db.auth("admin","admin") Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > use admin switched to db admin > db.auth("admin","admin") 1 >
db.auth("admin","admin") 返回值为1,说明登录成功!~db.auth("admin","admin") 记录是不存在的,执行完后这一行在shell中不会记录历史。
所以现在创建另一个用户"myuser"
db.createUser( { user: "myuser", pwd: "myuser", roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "mydb" } ] } )
也可以增删角色:
#授予角色:db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: "<role>", db: "<database>" } ]) db.grantRolesToUser( "myuser" , [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "mydb" } ]) #取消角色:db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: "<role>", db: "<database>" } ]) db.revokeRolesFromUser( "myuser" , [ { role: "readWrite", db: "mydb" } ])
因为在admin数据库创建的,只能在 admin 数据库中登录:
> db.auth("myuser","myuser") Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > > db mydb > use admin switched to db admin > db.auth("myuser","myuser"); 1 >
此时是可以切换到所在的数据库进行相关操作:
> use mydb switched to db mydb > > db.tab.save({"id":999}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > > db.tab.find({"id":999}); { "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 } > > show collections system.indexes tab >
在创建用户时可以在其数据库中创建,这样不用每次都进入admin数据库登录后再切换。如在数据库"mydb"创建用户"userkk"。
use admin db.auth("admin","admin") use mydb db.createUser( { user: "userkk", pwd: "userkk", roles: [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "mydb" } ] } ) db.auth("userkk","userkk")
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华丽分割
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现在授权测试:
#先访问到admin数据库
use admin db.auth("admin","admin")
#切换到 mydb ,在数据库 mydb 中创建角色
#roles: 创建角色"testRole"在数据库 "mydb" 中
#privileges: 该角色可查看"find"数据库"mydb"的所有集合
#db.dropRole("testRole")
use mydb db.createRole({ role: "testRole", privileges: [{ resource: { db: "mydb", collection: "" }, actions: [ "find" ] }], roles: [] })
#在admin数据库生成集合system.roles。查看角色。
> use admin switched to db admin > > show collections system.indexes system.roles system.users system.version > > db.system.roles.find(); { "_id" : "mydb.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "mydb", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "mydb", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] } >
#回到mydb,在数据库mydb中创建用户并授予角色"testRole"
#db.dropUser("userkk")
use mydb db.createUser( { user: "userkk", pwd: "userkk", roles: [ { role: "testRole", db: "mydb" } ] } )
退出mongodb,重新登录进行操作。发现只能使用find
>exit
[[email protected] ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > use mydb switched to db mydb > > db.auth("userkk","userkk") 1 > > db.tab.find({"id":999}) { "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 } > > db.tab.insert({"id":1000}) WriteResult({ "writeError" : { "code" : 13, "errmsg" : "not authorized on mydb to execute command { insert: \"tab\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('554f145cdf782b42499d80e5'), id: 1000.0 } ], ordered: true }" } }) >
给角色 "testRole" 添加3个 “Privileges”权限: "update", "insert", "remove"。再重新操作。
use admin db.auth("admin","admin") use mydb #添加Privileges给角色 db.grantPrivilegesToRole("testRole", [{ resource: { db: "mydb", collection: "" },actions: [ "update", "insert", "remove" ]} ]) exit #退出mongodb重新登录 use mydb db.auth("userkk","userkk") #增删数据可以操作了!~ db.tab.insert({"id":1000}) db.tab.find({"id":1000}) db.tab.remove({"id":1000}) #此时admin的角色记录为: > db.system.roles.find(); { "_id" : "mydb.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "mydb", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "mydb", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find", "insert", "remove", "update" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] } >
#更改角色 roles,把roles值全部更新。同样Privileges也可以更新替换!~
use admin db.auth("admin","admin") use mydb db.updateRole("testRole",{ roles:[{ role: "readWrite",db: "mydb"}]},{ w:"majority" }) db.auth("userkk","userkk") show dbs
关于角色,参考官方文档提取总结如下:
角色分类 |
角色 |
权限及角色 (本文大小写可能有些变化,使用时请参考官方文档) |
Database User Roles |
read |
CollStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,listIndexes,listCollections |
readWrite |
CollStats,ConvertToCapped,CreateCollection,DbHash,DbStats, DropCollection,CreateIndex,DropIndex,Emptycapped,Find, Insert,KillCursors,ListIndexes,ListCollections,Remove, RenameCollectionSameDB,update |
|
Database Administration Roles |
dbAdmin |
collStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,listIndexes,listCollections, dropCollection 和 createCollection 在 system.profile |
dbOwner |
角色:readWrite, dbAdmin,userAdmin |
|
userAdmin |
ChangeCustomData,ChangePassword,CreateRole,CreateUser, DropRole,DropUser,GrantRole,RevokeRole,ViewRole,viewUser |
|
Cluster Administration Roles |
clusterAdmin |
角色:clusterManager, clusterMonitor, hostManager |
clusterManager |
AddShard,ApplicationMessage,CleanupOrphaned,FlushRouterConfig, ListShards,RemoveShard,ReplSetConfigure,ReplSetGetStatus, ReplSetStateChange,Resync, EnableSharding,MoveChunk,SplitChunk,splitVector |
|
clusterMonitor |
connPoolStats,cursorInfo,getCmdLineOpts,getLog,getParameter, getShardMap,hostInfo,inprog,listDatabases,listShards,netstat, replSetGetStatus,serverStatus,shardingState,top collStats,dbStats,getShardVersion |
|
hostManager |
applicationMessage,closeAllDatabases,connPoolSync,cpuProfiler, diagLogging,flushRouterConfig,fsync,invalidateUserCache,killop, logRotate,resync,setParameter,shutdown,touch,unlock |
|
Backup and Restoration Roles |
backup |
提供在admin数据库mms.backup文档中insert,update权限 列出所有数据库:listDatabases 列出所有集合索引:listIndexes 对以下提供查询操作:find *非系统集合 *系统集合:system.indexes, system.namespaces, system.js *集合:admin.system.users 和 admin.system.roles |
restore |
非系统集合、system.js,admin.system.users 和 admin.system.roles 及2.6 版本的system.users提供以下权限: collMod,createCollection,createIndex,dropCollection,insert 列出所有数据库:listDatabases system.users :find,remove,update |
|
All-Database Roles |
readAnyDatabase |
提供所有数据库中只读权限:read 列出集群所有数据库:listDatabases |
readWriteAnyDatabase |
提供所有数据库读写权限:readWrite 列出集群所有数据库:listDatabases |
|
userAdminAnyDatabase |
提供所有用户数据管理权限:userAdmin Cluster:authSchemaUpgrade,invalidateUserCache,listDatabases admin.system.users和admin.system.roles: collStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,planCacheRead createIndex,dropIndex |
|
dbAdminAnyDatabase |
提供所有数据库管理员权限:dbAdmin 列出集群所有数据库:listDatabases |
|
Superuser Roles |
root |
角色:dbOwner,userAdmin,userAdminAnyDatabase readWriteAnyDatabase, dbAdminAnyDatabase, userAdminAnyDatabase,clusterAdmin |
Internal Role |
__system |
集群中对任何数据库采取任何操作 |
参考:mongo Shell Methods , Built-In
Roles