使用CXF开发简单的Web Service
博文我们介绍了Web Service的基本概念,了解它的基本概念之后,我们这篇博文介绍一个开源的WebService框架-Apache CXF,并实现一个HelloWorld实例。
一、开始之前
SOA目前已经成为了人人皆知的热点,SOA是面向服务的架构,SOA的重点在于服务的重用,即Service1+Service2+Service3,所有的组件都是“即插即用”的。SOA是由IBM提倡的架构,希望以“组装电脑”的方式开发软件。SOA涉及到两个重要的技术:
- 各种提供服务的组件(web service)
- 企业服务总线(Enterprise Service Bus ——> ESB )(后面的博文介绍)
二、CXF介绍
CXF号称是SOA框架,也是Apache旗下的开源框架,由Celtix + XFire这两门经典的框架合成,是一套非常流行的web service框架。提供了对 JAX-WS 全面的支持,并且提供了多种 Binding 、DataBinding、Transport 以及各种 Format 的支持,并且可以根据实际项目的需要,采用代码优先(Code First)或者 WSDL 优先(WSDL First)来轻松地实现 Web Services 的发布和使用。对于CXF的功能特性,以及支持标准,传输方式,不再过多的介绍,大家看一下网上的内容即可。
CXF下载地址:
安装CXF+配置:
- 下载CXF,将压缩包解压
- 找到bin目录,例如:D:\apache-cxf-2.5.9\bin,将这个目录配置到电脑的环境变量的path下。
- 验证是否成功。
在命令界面dos下,输入wsdl2java,例如:
可以看到有相应的信息输出,就是我们的命令缺少参数而已,表明可以执行这个命令,已经成功。
三、开发Web Service
1、开发准备
- jdk安装
- eclipse开发环境
- CXF安装+配置
2、服务器端
万事俱备只欠东风,我们先开发服务器端。
1、目录:
每个WebService组建需要2个部分:接口和实现类。
2、服务器端的代码:
接口:HelloWorld
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.tgb.ws; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> javax.jws.WebService; <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@WebService</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HelloWorld</span> {</span> String sayHi(String name); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
实现类:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.tgb.ws.impl; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.util.Date; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> javax.jws.WebService; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> com.tgb.ws.HelloWorld; <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@WebService</span>(endpointInterface=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"com.tgb.ws.HelloWorld"</span>, serviceName=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"HelloWorldWs"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HelloWorldWs</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HelloWorld</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">sayHi</span>(String name) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> name + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".您好"</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"现在时间是:"</span> + <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Date(); } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>
接口和实现我们都写好了,下面我们暴露我们的服务:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> service; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> javax.xml.ws.Endpoint; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> com.tgb.ws.HelloWorld; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> com.tgb.ws.impl.HelloWorldWs; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ServerMain</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) { HelloWorld hw = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> HelloWorldWs(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//调用EndPoint的publish方法发布WebService</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//调用Endpoint的publish方法发布web service 第一个参数为ip地址 ,第二v参数就是服务的提供者 </span> Endpoint.publish(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"http://192.168.3.3:8989/crazyit"</span>, hw); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"WebService调用成功了"</span>); } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul>
运行main方法,我们就可以发现我们暴露的服务了:
由上图我们已经成功的暴露服务,我们使用了WebService的注解,但是好像我们到现在还没有使用CXF, 为什么呢?
因为WebService是Java的规范,CXF是WebService的实现。
3、服务器端小结
开发服务器端的步骤,总共分为三步:
(1)开发一个Web Service业务接口。
该接口要用@WebService修饰
(2)开发一个Web Service实现类
实现类也需要用@WebService修改
(3)使用EndPoint类的静态方法来发布WebService
3、客户端
1、目录
2、使用CXF生成客户端代码
首先,新建java项目,在命令行窗口中,切换到此java项目src目录。使用CXF的命令,wsdl2java+服务暴露地址?wsdl
[注]生成客户端代码时,服务器端一定要运行,否则会保持,如下图:
3、客户端代码:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> client; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> com.tgb.ws.HelloWorld; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> com.tgb.ws.impl.HelloWorldWs; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ClientMain</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) { HelloWorldWs hw = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> HelloWorldWs(); HelloWorld helloWorld = hw.getHelloWorldWsPort(); System.out.println(helloWorld.sayHi(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"HelloWorld"</span>)); } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>
运行客户端,如下图:
好的,恭喜你,我们已经成功的调用了我们的服务。
4、客户端小结:
使用CXF开发Web Service客户端得步骤也分三步:
(1)调用CXF提供的wsdl2java工具
WSDL-Web Service Definition Language任何语言实现了Web Service,都需要提供、并暴露WSDL文档。
(2)找到wsdl2java所生成类中,一个继承了Service的类。
该类的实例可当成工厂使用。
(3)调用Service子类的实例的getxxxPort方法,返回webService的代理。
总结:
恭喜你,使用CXF开发Web Service的简单实例到此结束。
下篇博文,我们深入的讲解WSDL文档。