服务名 --根据业务需求修改
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show parameter service_names;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
service_names string king
实例名 --允许修改不建议修改
SQL> show parameter instance_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
instance_name string king
数据库名 --不允许修改
SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
db_name string king
监听器
[[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[[email protected] admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = king01)(PORT = 1521)) --协议，主机，端口
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 29-JUN-2018 10:02:26
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/king01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=king01)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=king01)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 29-JUN-2018 10:02:26
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/king01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=king01)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 29-JUN-2018 10:03:41
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=king01)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 29-JUN-2018 10:02:26
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 15 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/king01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=king01)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "king" has 1 instance(s). --通过PMON动态注册的服务名
Instance "king", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "kingXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "king", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
客户端（本地命名方式）
[[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[[email protected] admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
KING = --连接字符串（网络服务名）根据业务需求修改
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.201)(PORT = 1521)) --协议，主机，端口
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED) --专用服务器模式
(SERVICE_NAME = king) --与服务名保持一致
)
)
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba --用户名/密码@连接字符串（网络服务名）
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Jun 29 10:06:52 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from dual;
DUM
---
X
总结：listener.ora文件中的协议，主机，端口，与通过PMON动态注册的服务名，与tnsnames.ora文件中的协议，主机，端口，服务名需要保持一致，客户端才可以正常连接数据库服务器。
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13598811/2134043