最近因为项目上的需要开始大量使用nginx，因此也想趁机将以前常用的django+apache的架构换成django+nginx。常见的 django webapp 部署方式采用FCGI 或 WSGI的方式部署，在这里主要对CentOS 6.5下Python 2.7.5环境下采用 Nginx + PostgreSQL + Django + uwsgi 的搭建与配置步骤做一个简要说明，主要留作备忘，也希望对大家有所帮助。
一、Nginx-1.6.2安装
1. 在安装nginx前，需要确保系统安装了g++、gcc、openssl、openssl-devel、pcre、pcre-devel和zlib、zlib-devel软件。安装必须软件：
[email protected] 10:48:14 /usr/local => yum install gcc-c++ => yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl--devel pcre pcre-devel
2. 卸载系统原有的nginx
[email protected] 10:57:36 /usr/local => yum remove nginx
3. 编译安装Nginx
[email protected] 10:57:36 /usr/local/download => wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz => tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz => cd nginx-1.6.2 => ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.6.2 => make && make install => ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.6.2/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
4. 启动Nginx
[email protected] 17:04:38 /usr/local/download/nginx-1.6.2 => /usr/local/nginx-1.6.2/sbin/nginx
其他nginx常用命令： => /usr/local/nginx-1.6.2/sbin/nginx -s reload # nginx重启（stop, quit, reopen, reload）
5. 测试是否安装成功
#测试端口
netstat –na|grep 80
#浏览器中测试（有时候ip:80无法显示，需要关闭防火墙的干扰：service iptables stop）
http://localhost
# Nginx正常启动：
二、PostgreSQL-9.4.0安装
1. 新增用户组及用户
PostgreSQL默认是通过postgres:postgres来启动和使用的，因此在安装PostgreSQL前需要先创建postgres用户组及postgres用户。
[email protected] 11:30:18 ~
=> groupadd postgres
=> useradd postgres -g postgres
=> passwd postgres #设置postgres用户密码
2、安装postgresql-9.4.0
[email protected] 11:35:04 /usr/local/download => wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.0/postgresql-9.4.0.tar.gz => tar zvxf postgresql-9.4.0.tar.gz => cd postgresql-9.4.0 => ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0 => make => make install
3. PostgreSQL启动
# 新建数据库文件保存目录
=> mkdir /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/database
# 新建数据库log文件目录
=> mkdir /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/logdb
# 修改目录拥有者
=> chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/database -R => chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/logdb –R
# 执行数据库初始化脚本
=> su postgres [[email protected] postgresql-9.4.0]$ /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/bin/initdb --encoding=utf8 -D /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/database
# 启动PostgreSQL服务
[[email protected] postgresql-9.4.0]$ touch /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/log/logfile [[email protected] postgresql-9.4.0]$ /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/database -l /usr/local/postgresql-9.4.0/logdb/logfile start
# 登录PostgreSQL数据库
[[email protected] postgresql-9.4.0]$ psql
三、Django-1.6.10安装
1. 源码安装
[email protected] 12:51:56 /usr/local/download => wget https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/1.6/Django-1.6.10.tar.gz => tar zvxf Django-1.6.10.tar.gz => cd Django-1.6.10 => python setup.py install
2.测试是否安装成功
四、uwsgi-2.0.5.1安装
1. 源码安装
[email protected] 13:05:52 /usr/local/download => wget http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-2.0.5.1.tar.gz => tar zvxf uwsgi-2.0.5.1.tar.gz => cd uwsgi-2.0.5.1 => python setup.py install
# 该安装，默认将uwsgi安装在了$python的路径下了，我这里安装在了:/usr/local/python2.7/bin/uwsgi
2. 测试是否安装成功
[email protected] 13:13:14 /App/tmp
=> vi test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response(‘200 OK‘, [(‘Content-Type‘,‘text/html‘)])
return "Hello Worldi,uwsgi success!"
[email protected] 13:13:48 /App/tmp => uwsgi --http :9090 --wsgi-file /App/tmp/test.py
五、Django配置使用PostgreSQL
1. 安装psycopg2
Python使用PostgreSQL数据库，需要通过psycopg2进行调用，因此Django中使用PostgreSQL，就先应该安装psycopg2模块：
[email protected] 13:30:37 /usr/local/download => wget http://initd.org/psycopg/tarballs/PSYCOPG-2-5/psycopg2-2.5.4.tar.gz => tar zvxf psycopg2-2.5.4.tar.gz => cd psycopg2-2.5.4 => python setup.py install
2. 创建Django Project
[email protected] 13:25:53 /App/django-websites => python /usr/local/python2.7/bin/django-admin.py startproject websites
3. 设置Django使用PostgreSQL
[email protected] 13:27:33 /App/django-websites/websites/websites => vi settings.py …………
DATABASES = {
‘default‘: {
#‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.sqlite3‘,
#‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘db.sqlite3‘),
‘ENGINE‘ : ‘django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2‘,
‘NAME‘ : ‘djangodb‘,
‘USER‘ : ‘django‘,
‘PASSWORD‘ : ‘123456‘,
‘HOST‘ : ‘localhost‘,
‘PORT‘ : ‘5432‘,
}
}
………
4. 创建后台数据库
[email protected] 13:40:17 /App/django-websites/websites => python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session You just installed Django‘s auth system, which means you don‘t have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes # 输入yes/no Username (leave blank to use ‘shenweiyanj‘): django（不输，即默认当前系统用户名） Email address: # 邮箱地址，不输的话，可直接enter跳过 Password: 123456 # 密码 Password (again): 123456 # 确认密码 Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
六、uWSGI搭配Nginx+Django使用
1. Nginx 配置
#在 nginx.conf 上加入/修改，我的 server 配置如下（一切从简……）：
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1;mode=block";
server_tokens off;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
access_log /usr/local/nginx-1.6.2/logs/access.log;
error_log /usr/local/nginx-1.6.2/logs/error.log;
location /static { alias /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/; }
location / {
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8011;
include uwsgi_params;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
}
2. uWSGI 配置
# ini 配置
[email protected] 14:02:56 ~ => mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi/logs [email protected] 14:02:56 ~ => vi /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] socket=127.0.0.1:8011 listen=128 max-requests=1000 socket-timeout=10 master=true pidfile=/etc/uwsgi/logs/uwsgi.pid processes=1 pythonpath=/App/django-websites/websites/ chdir=/App/django-websites/websites/websites module=websites.wsgi:application profiler=true memory-report=true enable-threads=true logdate=true limit-as=256 uid=nobody gid=nobody daemonize=/etc/uwsgi/logs/django.log
# 启动uwsgi
[email protected] 14:06:09 ~ => uwsgi /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini [uWSGI] getting INI configuration from /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini
# 每一次Django后台数据库进行修改，均需要重启uwsgi，其重启可通过kill掉/etc/uwsgi/logs/uwsgi.pid，再利用“uwsgi /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini”启动即可。
七、完成安装
至此，Nginx+PostgreSQL+Django+UWSGI搭建已全部完成，我们在网页浏览器打开：http://localhost/admin/，输入五（4）中设置的用户名（django）和密码（django）登录Django的后台数据库管理界面，即可看到相应的后台数据库信息。
