java.lang包下有二个非常有用的东西:Runnable接口与Thread类,Thread实现了Runnable接口(可以认为Thread是Runnable的子类),利用它们可以实现最基本的多线程开发。
一、Runnable入门示例
1 public class RunnableDemo1 { 2 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 new Runnable() { 5 public void run() { 6 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 7 try { 8 Thread.sleep(100); 9 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 10 e.printStackTrace(); 11 } 12 System.out.println("r1 -> i=" + i); 13 } 14 15 } 16 }.run(); 17 18 new Runnable() { 19 public void run() { 20 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 21 try { 22 Thread.sleep(100); 23 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 24 e.printStackTrace(); 25 } 26 System.out.println("r2 -> i=" + i); 27 } 28 } 29 }.run(); 30 31 } 32 33 }
代码很简单,每个线程依次输出0-4这5个数字,运行结果:
r1 -> i=0
r1 -> i=1
r1 -> i=2
r1 -> i=3
r1 -> i=4
r2 -> i=0
r2 -> i=1
r2 -> i=2
r2 -> i=3
r2 -> i=4
二、向Runnable传递参数
实际应用中,线程开始处理前,通常会有一些初始参数,如果要传入参数,可以参考下面的方法,先定义一个Runnable的子类
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; 2 3 public class MyRunnable implements Runnable{ 4 5 private String name; 6 private int max; 7 8 public MyRunnable(String name,int max){ 9 this.name = name; 10 this.max = max; 11 } 12 13 public void run() { 14 for (int i = 1; i <= max; i++) { 15 try { 16 Thread.sleep(5); 17 System.out.println(name + ".i=" + i); 18 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 19 e.printStackTrace(); 20 } 21 } 22 } 23 24 }
然后这样使用:
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; 2 3 public class RunnableDemo2 { 4 5 public static void main(String[] args) { 6 7 new MyRunnable("A", 5).run(); 8 9 new MyRunnable("B", 5).run(); 10 } 11 12 }
运行结果:
A.i=1
A.i=2
A.i=3
A.i=4
A.i=5
B.i=1
B.i=2
B.i=3
B.i=4
B.i=5
三、利用Thread并行处理
刚才的二个例子,相当大家也发现了问题,虽然是有二个线程,但是始终是按顺序执行的,上一个线程处理完成前,下一个线程无法开始,这其实跟同步处理没啥二样,可以通过Thread类改变这种局面:
1 public class RunnableDemo3 { 2 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 5 Runnable r1 = new MyRunnable("A", 5); 6 Runnable r2 = new MyRunnable("B", 5); 7 8 Thread t1 = new Thread(r1); 9 Thread t2 = new Thread(r2); 10 11 t1.start(); 12 t2.start(); 13 14 } 15 16 }
Thread通过start方法,可以让多个线程并行处理,运行结果如下:
B.i=1
A.i=1
B.i=2
A.i=2
B.i=3
A.i=3
B.i=4
A.i=4
B.i=5
A.i=5
从输出结果上看,二个线程已经在并行处理了。
四、通过在线抢购示例理解资源共享
双十一刚过,每到这个时候,通常是狼多肉少,下面的OrderRunnable类模拟这种抢购情况,假设产品数只有10个,抢购的客户却有100个
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; 2 3 public class OrderRunnable implements Runnable{ 4 5 String taskName; 6 7 public OrderRunnable(String taskName){ 8 this.taskName=taskName; 9 } 10 11 private int productNum = 10; 12 13 private int customerNum = 100; 14 15 public void run() { 16 17 for (int i = 0; i < customerNum; i++) { 18 if (productNum > 0) { 19 try { 20 Thread.sleep(50); 21 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 22 e.printStackTrace(); 23 } 24 System.out.println(taskName + " -> order success!"); 25 productNum -= 1; 26 } 27 } 28 29 } 30 31 }
现在想用二个线程来处理:
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; 2 3 public class RunnableDemo4 { 4 5 public static void main(String[] args) { 6 7 Runnable r1 = new OrderRunnable("A"); 8 Runnable r2 = new OrderRunnable("B"); 9 10 new Thread(r1).start(); 11 new Thread(r2).start(); 12 13 } 14 15 }
运行结果:
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
B -> order success!
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
B -> order success!
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
A -> order success!
B -> order success!
显然,这个结果不正确,只有10个产品,却生成了20个订单!
正确的做法,让多个Thread共同使用一个Runnable:
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; 2 3 public class RunnableDemo5 { 4 5 public static void main(String[] args) { 6 7 Runnable r1 = new OrderRunnable("A"); 8 9 new Thread(r1).start(); 10 new Thread(r1).start(); 11 12 } 13 14 }
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
A -> order success!
五、ThreadPoolExecutor
如果有大量线程,建议使用线程池管理,下面是ThreadPoolExecutor的示例用法:
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; 2 3 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; 4 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; 5 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; 6 7 public class RunnableDemo7 { 8 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 11 ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 10, 1, 12 TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(3)); 13 14 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { 15 threadPool.execute(new MyRunnable("R"+i, 5)); 16 } 17 18 } 19 20 }
运行结果:
R5.i=1
R0.i=1
R1.i=1
R5.i=2
R1.i=2
R0.i=2
R5.i=3
R1.i=3
R0.i=3
R5.i=4
R1.i=4
R0.i=4
R5.i=5
R0.i=5
R1.i=5
R2.i=1
R3.i=1
R4.i=1
R2.i=2
R3.i=2
R4.i=2
R2.i=3
R3.i=3
R4.i=3
R2.i=4
R4.i=4
R3.i=4
R2.i=5
R4.i=5
R3.i=5
agapple在ITeye上有一篇旧贴子,写得很好,推荐大家去看看,特别是下面这张图:
还有这篇 http://jiaguwen123.iteye.com/blog/1017636,也值得参考