大纲
一、存储设备类型
二、什么是SCSI和iSCSI
三、iSCSI安装与配置
一、存储设备类型
- DAS：Direct Attached Storage
直连主机的总线上的设备
- NAS：network Attached Storage
文件共享服务器，共享级别file
- SAN：Storage Area Network
把SCSI协议借助于其他网络协议实现传送
tcp/ip iscsi
FC（光纤）：
FCoE
NAS与SAN的对比图
二、什么是SCSI和iSCSI
小型计算机系统接口（英语：Small Computer System Interface; 简写：SCSI），一种用于计算机和智能设备之间（硬盘、软驱、光驱、打印机、扫描仪等）系统级接口的独立处理器标准。 SCSI是一种智能的通用接口标准。
SCSI特点
- SCSI接口是一个通用接口，在SCSI母线上可以连接主机适配器和八个SCSI外设控制器，外设可以包括磁盘、磁带、CD-ROM、可擦写光盘驱动器、打印机、扫描仪和通讯设备等。
- SCSI是个多任务接口，设有母线仲裁功能。挂在一个SCSI母线上的多个外设可以同时工作。SCSI上的设备平等占有总线。
- SCSI接口可以同步或异步传输数据，同步传输速率可以达到10MB/s，异步传输速率可以达到1.5MB/s。
- SCSI接口接到外置设备时．它的连接电缆可以长达6m。
Internet 小型计算机系统接口(iSCSI)是一种基于TCP/IP的协议，用来建立和管理IP存储设备、主机和客户机等之间的相互连接，并创建存储区域网络(SAN)。SAN 使得 SCSI 协议应用于高速数据传输网络成为可能，这种传输以数据块级别（block-level）在多个数据存储网络间进行。
SCSI 结构基于客户/服务器模式，其通常应用环境是：设备互相靠近，并且这些设备由 SCSI 总线连接。iSCSI 的主要功能是在 TCP/IP 网络上的主机系统（启动器 initiator）和存储设备（目标器 target）之间进行大量数据的封装和可靠传输过程。此外，iSCSI 提供了在 IP 网络封装 SCSI 命令，且运行在 TCP 上。
iSCSI协议报文格式
三、iSCSI安装与配置
系统环境
- CentOS5.8 x86_64
- Initiator
node1.network.com node1 172.16.1.101
node2.network.com node2 172.16.1.105
node3.network.com node3 172.16.1.106
- Target
node4.network.com /dev/hda 172.16.1.111
1、安装scsi-target-utils并启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y scsi-target-utils
启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# service tgtd start
Starting SCSI target daemon: Starting target framework daemon
查看所监听的端口
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tnlp | grep 3260
0 0 *:3260 *:* users:(("tgtd",3979,6),("tgtd",3980,6))
0 0 :::3260 :::* users:(("tgtd",3979,5),("tgtd",3980,5))
设置开机自启动
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig tgtd on
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list tgtd
tgtd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
2、创建Target
tgtadm模式化命令 --mode 常用模式：target、logicalunit、account target --op new、delete、show、update、bind、unbind logicalunit --op new、delete account --op new、delete、bind、unbind 选项 --lld <driver>，-L：指定驱动类型 --tid <id>，-t：制定targetid --lun <lun>，-l：指定lun --backing-store <path>，-b：指定后端真正存储设备路径 --initiator-address <address>，-I：Initiator地址，用于实现ip认证 -T，--targetname <targetname>：Target名称 targetname定义格式：iqn.yyyy-mm.<reversed domain name>[:identifier] 创建target [[email protected] ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --mode target --op new --tid 1 --targetname iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1 查看target [[email protected] ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --mode target --op show Target 1: iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1 System information: Driver: iscsi State: ready I_T nexus information: LUN information: LUN: 0 Type: controller SCSI ID: IET 00010000 SCSI SN: beaf10 Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1 Online: Yes Removable media: No Readonly: No Backing store type: null Backing store path: None Backing store flags: Account information: ACL information:
3、创建lun
[[email protected] ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --mode logicalunit --op new --tid 1 --lun 1 --backing-store /dev/hda [[email protected] ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --mode target --op show Target 1: iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1 System information: Driver: iscsi State: ready I_T nexus information: LUN information: LUN: 0 Type: controller SCSI ID: IET 00010000 SCSI SN: beaf10 Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1 Online: Yes Removable media: No Readonly: No Backing store type: null Backing store path: None Backing store flags: LUN: 1 Type: disk SCSI ID: IET 00010001 SCSI SN: beaf11 Size: 21475 MB, Block size: 512 Online: Yes Removable media: No Readonly: No Backing store type: rdwr Backing store path: /dev/hda Backing store flags: Account information: ACL information: 可以做授权绑定 [[email protected] ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --mode target --op bind --tid 1 --initiator-address 172.16.0.0/16 [[email protected] ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --mode target --op show Target 1: iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1 System information: Driver: iscsi State: ready I_T nexus information: LUN information: LUN: 0 Type: controller SCSI ID: IET 00010000 SCSI SN: beaf10 Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1 Online: Yes Removable media: No Readonly: No Backing store type: null Backing store path: None Backing store flags: LUN: 1 Type: disk SCSI ID: IET 00010001 SCSI SN: beaf11 Size: 21475 MB, Block size: 512 Online: Yes Removable media: No Readonly: No Backing store type: rdwr Backing store path: /dev/hda Backing store flags: Account information: ACL information: 172.16.0.0/16
4、配置Initiator端
initiator端先安装iscsi-initiator-utils工具 [[email protected] ~]# yum install -y iscsi-initiator-utils 生成initiatorname [[email protected] ~]# echo "InitiatorName=`iscsi-iname -p iqn.2016-01.com.network`" > /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi InitiatorName=iqn.2016-01.com.network:a9ccb1cfe22 添加一个initiator别名 [[email protected] ~]# echo "InitiatorAlias=node1.network.com" >> /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi InitiatorName=iqn.2016-01.com.network:a9ccb1cfe22 InitiatorAlias=node1.network.com
5、启动Initiator端服务并尝试发现Target
iscsiadm模式化的命令
-m {discovery|node|session|iface}
discovery: 发现某服务器是否有target输出，以及输出了哪些target；
node: 管理跟某target的关联关系；
session: 会话管理
iface: 接口管理
iscsiadm -m discovery [ -d debug_level ] [ -P printlevel ] [ -I iface -t type -p ip:port [ -l ] ]
-d：指定debug级别，0-8
-I：指定网卡接口
-t type：SendTargets(st), SLP, and iSNS
-p：IP:port，端口不指定默认为3260
iscsiadm -m node [ -d debug_level ] [ -L all,manual,automatic ] | [ -U all,manual,automatic ]
iscsiadm -m node [ -d debug_level ] [ [ -T targetname -p ip:port -I ifaceN ] [ -l | -u ] ] [ [ -o operation ] [ -n name ] [ -v value ] ]
先启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# service iscsi start
iscsid (pid 2318) is running...
Setting up iSCSI targets: iscsiadm: No records found
[ OK ]
发现Target
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 172.16.1.111
172.16.1.111:3260,1 iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1
查看发现Target的数据信息
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/lib/iscsi/send_targets/
172.16.1.111,3260
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/lib/iscsi/send_targets/172.16.1.111,3260/
iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1,172.16.1.111,3260,1,default st_config
6、登录Target
[[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1 -p 172.16.1.111 -l Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1, portal: 172.16.1.111,3260] (multiple) Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1, portal: 172.16.1.111,3260] successful. 查看硬盘 [[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 44384 cylinders Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 2068 977098+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
7、分区格式化
对那个发现的设备做分区 [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 20480. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-20480, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-20480, default 20480): +2G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1908 1953776 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb [[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 3 0 20971520 hda 3 1 977098 hda1 8 0 20971520 sda 8 1 104391 sda1 8 2 20860402 sda2 253 0 18776064 dm-0 253 1 2064384 dm-1 8 16 20971520 sdb 8 17 1953776 sdb1 格式化为ext3文件系统 [[email protected] ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 244320 inodes, 488444 blocks 24422 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=503316480 15 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16288 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. 挂载 [[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ [[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/fstab /mnt/ [[email protected] ~]# ls /mnt/ fstab lost+found [[email protected] ~]# umount /mnt/
8、使用另一个节点挂载此设备进行访问测试
先安装与配置node2节点 [[email protected] ~]# yum install -y iscsi-initiator-utils 配置InitiatorName与InitiatorAlias [[email protected] ~]# echo "InitiatorName=`iscsi-iname -p iqn.2016-01.com.network`" > /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi [[email protected] ~]# echo "InitiatorAlias=node2.network.com" >> /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi InitiatorName=iqn.2016-01.com.network:1d58f93825bf InitiatorAlias=node2.network.com 启动iscsi服务 [[email protected] ~]# service iscsi start iscsid (pid 2321) is running... Setting up iSCSI targets: iscsiadm: No records found [ OK ] 发现Target [[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 172.16.1.111 172.16.1.111:3260,1 iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1 [[email protected] ~]# ls /var/lib/iscsi/send_targets/ 172.16.1.111,3260 [[email protected] ~]# ls /var/lib/iscsi/send_targets/172.16.1.111,3260/ iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1,172.16.1.111,3260,1,default st_config 登录 [[email protected] ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1 -p 172.16.1.111 -l Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1, portal: 172.16.1.111,3260] (multiple) Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2016-01.com.network:teststore.disk1, portal: 172.16.1.111,3260] successful. 查看硬盘 [[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 44384 cylinders Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 2068 977098+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1908 1953776 83 Linux 挂载此设备 [[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ [[email protected] ~]# ls /mnt/ fstab lost+found
此时可以发现，两个节点可以使用同一个存储，但是当其中一个节点写文件时，另一个节点是看不到的，如果正好两个写的是同一个文件，完成之后再从内存同步到硬盘中，会发生文件系统崩溃的情况，所以这是十分危险的，因为我们可以使用集群文件系统，这样，当一个节点写，会立即通知给其他节点，避免文件系统崩溃
下一篇讲 cman + rgmanager + iscsi + gfs2 + cLVM 实现集群共享存储
时间： 2024-10-22 01:12:38