Selenium - WebDriver Advanced Usage

Explicit Waits

# Python
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait # available since 2.4.0
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # available since 2.26.0

ff = webdriver.Firefox()
ff.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading")
try:
    element = WebDriverWait(ff, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "myDynamicElement")))
finally:
    ff.quit()

• Expected Conditions

# Python
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,‘someid‘)))

Implicit Waits

# Python
from selenium import webdriver

ff = webdriver.Firefox()
ff.implicitly_wait(10) # seconds
ff.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading")
myDynamicElement = ff.find_element_by_id("myDynamicElement")

Remote WebDriver

• Taking a Screenshot

# Python
from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub", webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy())
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.get_screenshot_as_file(‘/Screenshots/google.png‘)

• Using a FirefoxProfile

# Python
from selenium import webdriver
fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
# set something on the profile...
driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX, browser_profile=fp)

• Using ChromeOptions

# Python
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# set some options
driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=options.to_capabilities())

Using a Proxy

• Internet Explorer

# Python
from selenium import webdriver

PROXY = "localhost:8080"

# Create a copy of desired capabilities object.
desired_capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER.copy()
# Change the proxy properties of that copy.
desired_capabilities[‘proxy‘] = {
    "httpProxy":PROXY,
    "ftpProxy":PROXY,
    "sslProxy":PROXY,
    "noProxy":None,
    "proxyType":"MANUAL",
    "class":"org.openqa.selenium.Proxy",
    "autodetect":False
}

# you have to use remote, otherwise you‘ll have to code it yourself in python to
# dynamically changing the system proxy preferences
driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub", desired_capabilities)

• Chrome

　　Is basically the same as internet explorer. It uses the same configuration on the machine as IE does (on windows). On Mac it uses the System Preference -> Network settings. On Linux it uses (on Ubuntu) System > Preferences > Network Proxy Preferences (Alternatively in “/etc/environment” set http_proxy). As of this writing it is unknown how to set the proxy programmatically.

• Firefox

# Python
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import *

myProxy = "host:8080"

proxy = Proxy({
    ‘proxyType‘: ProxyType.MANUAL,
    ‘httpProxy‘: myProxy,
    ‘ftpProxy‘: myProxy,
    ‘sslProxy‘: myProxy,
    ‘noProxy‘: ‘‘ # set this value as desired
    })

driver = webdriver.Firefox(proxy=proxy)

# for remote
caps = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()
proxy.add_to_capabilities(caps)

driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=caps)

Data Driven Testing

# Python
# Collection of String values
source = open("input_file.txt", "r")
values = source.readlines()
source.close()
# Execute For loop for each String in the values array
for search in values:
    driver.get(‘http://www.google.com‘)
    driver.find_element_by_name("q").send_keys(search)
    driver.find_element_by_id("btnG").click()
    element = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(ExpectedConditions.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//*[contains(., ‘Results‘)]"))
    assert search in element.text