准备环境：

CentOS7.6
mariadb-10.2.23.tar.gz源码包
多实例目录结构：

编译安装

安装开发工具

yum install bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boost-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel

准备用户和数据目录

useradd –r –s /sbin/nologin –d /data/mysql/ mysql

mkdir   /data/mysql
chown  mysql.mysql  /data/mysql
tar xvf   mariadb-10.2.18.tar.gz  

编译安装

cd mariadb-10.2.23/
cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/mysql \     指定安装目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ \        指定mysql数据目录
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/mysql \             指定配置文件的目录
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \                  制动用户
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1  -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \    指定socket文件
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \                   指定字符集类型
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  

make && make install

提示：如果出错，执行rm -f CMakeCache.txt

安装

创建多实例的目录结构

mkdir mysql/{9527,9528,9529}/{etc,bin,socket,data,log,pid} -pv

将所有者和所属则设置为mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql/

生成数据库文件

cd /app/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/9527/data/
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/9528/data/
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/9529/data/
将生成的数据库文件存放到指定的位置

创建配置文件

cp /etc/my.cnf /opt/mysql/9527/etc/
cp /etc/my.cnf /opt/mysql/9528/etc/
cp /etc/my.cnf /opt/mysql/9529/etc/

编辑配置文件

[mysqld]
port=9527   指定端口号
datadir=/opt/mysql/9527/data    指定本端口号的数据库文件
socket=/opt/mysql/9527/socket/mysql.sock    指定本端口号的socket套接字
#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
#Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
#If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
#customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
#instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/opt/mysql/9527/log/mariadb.log    将日志文件存放到指定目录
pid-file=/opt/mysql/9527/pid/mariadb.pid      将pid文件存放到指定目录

#include all files from the config directory    

#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d    原本是没有注释的，现在加上注释，因为他包含的是/etc/my.cnf.d目录下的文件，我们不需要

将三个实例只要稍微修改即可

创建脚本

#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig: 345 80 2
port=9527          端口号
mysql_user="root"     指定数据库用户
mysql_pwd=""        指定数据库的密码
cmd_path="/app/mysql/bin"     指定命令路径
mysql_basedir="/opt/mysql"    指定数据库基本目录
mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"     指定本端口启动的socket文件

function_start_mysql()       启动函数
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then          检查socket文件
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      ${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf  &> /dev/null  &   mysql启动服务用的是mysqld_safe命令
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown
   fi
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
    printf "Usage: ${mysql_basedir}/${port}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

启动服务

/opt/mysql/9527/bin/mysqld start     可以考虑定义为别名
echo ‘PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh    添加PATH路径
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh    生效PATH
mysql -uroot -P9527 -S /opt/mysql/9527/socket/mysql.sock   进入mysql数据库，需要指定socket路径

完成

原文地址：https://blog.51cto.com/14116879/2388853