读了我这篇博客, 你会刷新对面对对象的认知, 之前的面对对象都是LJ~~~
表结构
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
pub_date = models.DateField()
CHOICES = ((1, ‘Python‘), (2, ‘Go‘), (3, ‘linux‘))
category = models.IntegerField(choices=CHOICES)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(to=‘Publisher‘, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to=‘Author‘)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
原路由:
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^books/$‘, views.BookListView.as_view()),
url(r‘book/(?P<pk>\d+)$‘, views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
url(r‘^publishers/$‘, views.PublisherView.as_view()),
url(r‘publishers/(?P<pk>\d+)$‘, views.PublisherDetailView.as_view()),
]
原始版:
获取出版社信息
# 获取出版社信息
class PublisherView(APIView):
"""使用Django REST framework 内置的序列化"""
def get(self,request):
"""Json格式返回所有的书籍信息"""
queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()
ser_obj = ModelPublisherSerlizer(queryset, many=True)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
def post(self, request):
ser_obj = ModelPublisherSerlizer(data=request.data)
if ser_obj:
ser_obj.save()
return Response(‘ok‘)
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
获取具体某个出版社信息 查 改 删 -- >
# 获取具体某个出版社信息
class PublisherDetailView(APIView):
def get(self,pk):
publisher_ob = models.Publisher.objects.filter(pk=pk)
publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
print("publisher_ob", publisher_ob, "publisher_obj", publisher_obj)
if publisher_obj:
ser_obj = ModelPublisherSerlizer(publisher_obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response("无效的id")
def put(self, request, pk):
publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if publisher_obj:
ser_obj = ModelPublisherSerlizer(instance=publisher_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
else:
return Response("没有这本书")
def delete(self,pk):
publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.filter(pk=pk)
if publisher_obj:
publisher_obj.delete()
return Response("删除成功")
else:
return Response("没有这本书")
进化版:
把出版社相关信息封装起来
class CemericView(APIView):
"""视图中可能用到的配置和方法封装起来"""
queryset = None
serializer_class = None
def get_queryset(self):
# 让每次请求来的时候都先查一次数据
return self.queryset.all()
class ListMinxin(object):
def get(self, request):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class CreateMixin(object):
def post(self, request):
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(data=request.data)
if ser_obj:
ser_obj.save()
return Response(‘ok‘)
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
# 获取出版社信息
class PublisherView(CemericView, ListMinxin, CreateMixin):
queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()
serializer_class = ModelPublisherSerlizer
超级进化版:
把某个出版社的信息也封装起来
class GemericView(APIView):
"""视图中可能用到的配置和方法封装起来"""
queryset = None
serializer_class = None
def get_queryset(self):
# 让每次请求来的时候都先查一次数据
return self.queryset.all()
def get_obj(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
return self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).filter(pk=pk).first()
class ListMinxin(object):
def get(self, request):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class CreateMixin(object):
def post(self, request):
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(‘ok‘)
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
# 获取出版社信息
class PublisherView(GemericView, ListMinxin, CreateMixin):
queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()
serializer_class = ModelPublisherSerlizer
class RetrieveMixin(object):
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_obj(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)
if obj:
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response("无效的id")
class UpdateMixin(object):
def put(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_obj(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)
if obj:
ser_obj = ModelPublisherSerlizer(instance=obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
else:
return Response("没有这本书")
class DelMixin(object):
def delete(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_obj(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)
print(obj)
# print(obj.filter(pk = pk))
if obj:
obj.delete()
return Response("删除成功")
else:
return Response("没有这本书")
# 获取具体某个出版社信息
class PublisherDetailView(GemericView, RetrieveMixin, UpdateMixin, DelMixin):
queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()
serializer_class = ModelPublisherSerlizer
如果在写一个api 的话 只需要3行代码,
但是 封装的代码好像有点多, 继承关系有点乱,
其实框架本身提供了内置方法,
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin
注意: 单纯的导入 不能成功, 因为 此方法中不是以 get ,post 等命名的, 导致 MVC模型中 as.view(), 找不到 请求的方式, 需要 对 这些方法进行进一步封装
就有了下面的内置方法
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView #这个包里里面 封装了 各种用于API 开发的浏览器 请求方式, 及组合方式, 直接调用即可
一共 7行 代码解决
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveDestroyAPIView
# 获取出版社信息
class PublisherView(ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()
serializer_class = ModelPublisherSerlizer
# 获取具体某个出版社信息
class PublisherDetailView(RetrieveDestroyAPIView):
queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()
serializer_class = ModelPublisherSerlizer
究极进化版:
上面超级进化版 一张表要写两个视图 定义queryset和serializer_class 重复,
而且 路由也需要重复, 显然, 究极进化是不允许的~~
重写了as_view()方法，实现了根据请求的方法执行具体的类方法
路由注册的时候，利用actions参数，实现路由的定向分发 而不是简单的 反射
url(r‘authors/$‘, views.AuthorViewSet.as_view(actions={‘get‘: ‘list‘, ‘post‘: ‘create‘})), # 作者列表
url(r‘authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$‘, views.AuthorViewSet.as_view(
actions={‘get‘: ‘retrieve‘, ‘put‘: ‘update‘, ‘delete‘: ‘destroy‘})
), # 作者详情
路由都重复写两条：
还可以利用内置的DefaultRouter来实现路由的注册
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter router = DefaultRouter() router.register(‘authors‘, views.AuthorViewSet) urlpatterns += router.urls
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class AuthorViewSet(ModelViewSet):
"""
list()
create()
retrieve()
update()
destroy()
"""
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializer
总结:
建议用以下两种方式
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/konghui/p/10268393.html
时间： 2024-10-10 09:59:15