一、绪论
【因为这篇心得是原创的，所以如果有哪处总结或者意见不足的地方，欢迎各位大神的批评和意见，共同学习，谢谢了！】
早些时候，需要在centos6.4系统中配置单机版和集群版单节点的hadoop HDFS，由于那时候一边跟老师学hadoop一边自学Linux。初学的自己懂得也不多，别人都用普通用户登录，在需要root权限时才sudo或者切换root用户进行配置，而我呢？ 从一开始就使用了root登录，在给java和hadoop配置了profile文件环境变量，等到重启之后，出现了下图的现象：进入系统用户登录界面后，原本的鼠标小指针一直都是小时钟的样子，无论怎么点击都是能移动但是指针的形状偏偏就变不回来，也无法登录。
那无法登陆了，肿么办？下意识就问老师吧，可他说他也没碰到过这种奇怪的现象。也对，但凡是规范的操作又怎么会碰到我的这种现象呢？想必极为少数吧！没有了老师的帮助，那时候我一贯的做法就是：强制关机-重启=不行，正常关机-重启=不行，之后便干脆直接放弃了整个系统，启用新系统从头开始配置HDFS。这个鼠标指针变成小时钟而无法登陆的现象，到现在前前后后碰到不下十遍，也由此令我一直耿耿于心，希望这篇心得能帮到更多与我类似困窘的人吧！
这几个月来，其实，我一直都在追寻是什么原因导致的系统用户无法登陆，以及系统的各个配置文件都有些什么作用？下面先讲该怎么恢复系统的登录先吧！
二、恢复正常登录
profile文件的错误加载而导致系统用户无法登录的现象，主要有两类：profile文件的内容配置错误、profile文件在进行vi时被挂起。如果是profile文件的内容配置错误，解决的办法：一是删除所有自定义配置的内容，但这种方法个人很不推荐；二是没有加载系统变量。至于profile文件在进行vi时被挂起，解决的办法就是恢复该文件，再删除生成的临时挂起文件。
（1）加载系统变量恢复
1、切换到字符界面。可按Ctrl+Alt+F6，由用户图形界面切换到字符界面。
2、登陆用户。这里由于用户图形界面本身就是一个应用程序，而不是Linux内核的一部分，所以即使图形用户界面完完全全地崩溃了，也是丝毫不影响我们使用字符界面进行常规的操作。这里，因为是系统的登录界面损坏，所以建议登录最高权限用户root。
3、编辑profile文件。执行如下错误，查找并修改错误配置内容：
/usr/bin/vim /etc/profile
可以看到我这里缺少了明显的系统传递参数：$PATH 。需要注意的是：如果 export PATH= 后面有多个变量值，在值与值之间需要使用英文的“ ： ”符号隔开。具体修改如下：
如果打开的profile文件中，已经存在了$PATH，那么导致图形界面无法进行用户登录的原因，很可能就是自定义部分的内容存在手动输入错误。如：缺少某个字符或者字符错误。倘若，仍然无法找到错误的根源，建议将所有自定义配置的内容进行删除。
4、保存退出后，输入一下内容进行重启，重启后便可恢复正常登录。
/usr/bin/reboot
如果不进行重启的话，也可以使用source命令让profile文件进行生效，但是不建议。因为这种方式容易导致profile文件的配置生效不完全。
（2）恢复挂起的profile文件
如果在配置profile文件内容时，中途断电或者强迫退出vim编辑，那么就会在/etc/目录下，临时生成profile.swp的隐藏文件，可以使用ll -a或者ls -a来查看是否存在.swp文件。在确保profile配置信息没有错误之后，记得删除该文件。删除的命令不再是" rm -rf profile.swp "，因为在profile文件错误加载的情况下rm命令不可直接使用，要在前面加上路径名称。具体的步骤类似上面的过程，区别在于第3步后，需要删除该隐藏文件再重启。
三、基本映射作用
没错，前面所执行的命令，如简单的重启：
/usr/bin/reboot
都在命令前加了路径名称。那么为什么需要加路径名称而不能直接使用呢？这和profile配置文件又有什么关联呢？如果每个命令都需要加前缀路径，这些前缀都相同吗？如果命令相同那么为什么执行下面的命令，会提示“No such file or directory”呢？
[email protected]:~]#/usr/bin/ls /etc/profile bash: /usr/bin/ls: No such file or directory
（1）profile文件的映射类型
我们知道profile文件可进行环境变量的配置，那么对于命令的映射类型有两种：用户变量和系统变量，类似于我们win10的系统环境一样：
我们先看一下Linux系统下的$PATH都有哪些内容？使用前面修复过的系统，登录并进入命令终端，输入如下命令并查看返回信息：
[email protected]:~]#which $PATH /usr/bin/which: no bin in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_161/bin:/home/yang)
可见，“which”这个命令是属于/usr/bin/ 目录下的。至于每个常用的命令都在哪个目录下，这里先不讨论。我想说的是，我这里需要提出两个概念词，或许早有人为此下过定义，这里姑且暂用。我提出的概念是：权限比重、优先度。在权限比重方面，例如：“ /bin ”要比 “ /usr/local/bin ”权限大的多，但是“ /usr/local/bin ”的优先度级别比“ /bin ”还大。简而言之，就是用户登录系统后先使用的命令默认是 “ /usr/local/bin ”下的，当 “ /usr/local/bin ”找不到才到第二级别更高权限的“ /bin ”去找，这对于“/sbin”和“usr/sbin”一样的道理。这是对于单用户来说，如果我这里的yang用户需要root的权限，当sudo一下时，会跳出这些目录而去使用root用户“ /bin ”、 “ /usr/local/bin ”目录下的命令等等。
我们完全可以这样来假设，“ /bin ”和“/sbin”是系统环境下的指令库，而“ /usr/local/bin ”和“usr/sbin”为用户环境下的指令集。也就是，可以大胆地假设：每个Linux用户都存在一个系统环境和一个用户环境。
（2）profile文件的映射作用
1、root用户所定义下的profile环境内容，其他用户环境可继承性较大；
2、profile文件用于登录设置的全系统环境和启动程序。利用vi查看一下profile文件，内容如下：
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It‘s NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It‘s much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=`id -u`
UID=`id -ru`
fi
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
# Path manipulation
profile文件部分信息
将“# /etc/profile# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc# It‘s NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you# are doing. It‘s much better to create a custom.sh shell script in# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.”粘贴到百度翻译一下：
这也恰恰说明了，为什么profile文件配置不好，会出现鼠标指针变成小时钟而无法登陆的现象。
3、profile配置文件所自定义的内容，如：export PATH= 后面必须必须跟随传递参数：$PATH 。当不配置export PATH=的值时，$PATH为隐藏属性。当export PATH=的值被配置时，$PATH的作用是将“ /bin ”、“/sbin”、“ /usr/local/bin ”和“usr/sbin”等目录下的命令进行聚集和简化路径。这也正是，为什么当profile配置文件损坏时，必须在命令前加路径名称的缘故。但是每个命令的路径名称又是什么呢？
（3）常用命令的映射目录
还记得前边说到的，在profile文件不起作用时，要删除profile挂起的临时文件，必须要在rm命令的前面加了上命令的路径名称，不然会提示No such file or directory相类似的错误。当which $PATH一下，也看到过列举了一些路径，我们逐个进去看看：
[email protected]:~]#ll /usr/local/bin total 0
ll /usr/local/bin
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 87352 Jul 11 2012 pulseaudio -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1420 Sep 11 2012 pv.sh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10152 Nov 15 2012 pwdx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 78 Feb 21 2013 pydoc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 188 Aug 20 2010 pygtk-demo -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 9032 Feb 21 2013 python lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 python2 -> python -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 9032 Feb 21 2013 python2.6 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 82752 Nov 20 2012 quota -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 65856 Nov 20 2012 quotasync -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 60984 Feb 21 2013 ranlib -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10168 Aug 18 2010 rarian-example -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1495 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-config -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 563 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-extract -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9288 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-gen-uuid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 80856 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-get-cl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 399 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-get-content-list -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 419 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-get-extended-content-list -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 382 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-get-scripts -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1171 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-install -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 89280 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-migrate -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 78568 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-preinstall -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 821 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-rebuild -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9525 Aug 18 2010 rarian-sk-update -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14672 Dec 18 2012 ras2tiff -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20056 Dec 18 2012 raw2tiff lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 Jun 6 2018 rcs2log -> ../share/cvs/contrib/rcs2log -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13560 Nov 11 2010 rdate -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12480 Feb 21 2013 rdjpgcom lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 May 14 2018 readcd -> /etc/alternatives/cdrecord-readcd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 303984 Feb 21 2013 readelf lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 May 14 2018 readlink -> ../../bin/readlink -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 800 Nov 12 2012 readmult -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 195632 Nov 12 2012 readom lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 reboot -> consolehelper -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15528 Jun 2 2014 recode-sr-latin -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 128936 Nov 11 2010 refer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9896 Feb 21 2013 rename -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10624 Feb 21 2013 renice -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11619 Jun 22 2012 repoclosure -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11707 Jun 22 2012 repodiff -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4196 Jun 22 2012 repo-graph -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7048 Jun 22 2012 repomanage -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 45778 Jun 22 2012 repoquery -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10225 Jun 22 2012 repo-rss -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10952 Feb 22 2013 report -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31144 Feb 22 2013 report-cli -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22896 Feb 22 2013 reporter-kerneloops -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14656 Feb 22 2013 reporter-mailx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13528 Feb 22 2013 reporter-print -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40272 Feb 22 2013 reporter-rhtsupport -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26744 Feb 22 2013 reporter-upload -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 127784 Feb 22 2013 report-gtk -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20960 Feb 22 2013 report-newt -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13626 Jun 22 2012 reposync -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8740 Jun 22 2012 repotrack lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 reset -> tset -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19520 Nov 11 2010 resizecons -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10168 Feb 21 2013 rev -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36136 Nov 10 2010 rfcomm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16072 Dec 18 2012 rgb2ycbcr lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 May 14 2018 rhgb-client -> ../../bin/plymouth -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 54984 Nov 11 2010 rhythmbox -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33144 Nov 11 2010 rhythmbox-client lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 May 14 2018 rmail -> /etc/alternatives/mta-rmail -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 262 Dec 2 2011 rmail.postfix lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 5 2018 rmic -> /etc/alternatives/rmic lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 5 2018 rmid -> /etc/alternatives/rmid lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 5 2018 rmiregistry -> /etc/alternatives/rmiregistry lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 May 14 2018 rnano -> ../../bin/rnano -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16848 Dec 17 2011 rngtest -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 95704 Feb 21 2013 rpcgen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16040 Feb 21 2013 rpm2cpio lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 rpmdb -> ../../bin/rpm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 rpmquery -> ../../bin/rpm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 rpmsign -> ../../bin/rpm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 rpmverify -> ../../bin/rpm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2500 Feb 24 2012 rsvg -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28896 Feb 24 2012 rsvg-convert -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 44080 Feb 24 2012 rsvg-view -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 415000 Apr 11 2012 rsync -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31888 Jun 22 2012 runcon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1411 Sep 26 2011 run-parts lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 rvim -> vim -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 53325 Mar 22 2017 s2p -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 111496 Jun 22 2012 sadf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 139480 Nov 11 2010 sane-find-scanner -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 81192 Jun 22 2012 sar -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5896 Nov 10 2010 saytime -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 52304 Nov 11 2010 scanimage lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jul 5 2018 schemagen -> /etc/alternatives/schemagen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15640 Feb 21 2013 scl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 258 Feb 21 2013 scl_enabled -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59456 Feb 21 2013 scp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16632 Feb 21 2013 script -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11176 Feb 21 2013 scriptreplay lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-config -> rarian-sk-config lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-extract -> rarian-sk-extract lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-gen-seriesid -> rarian-sk-gen-uuid lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-get-cl -> rarian-sk-get-cl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-get-content-list -> rarian-sk-get-content-list lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-get-extended-content-list -> rarian-sk-get-extended-content-list lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-get-index-from-docpath -> rarian-sk-get-scripts lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-docpath -> rarian-sk-get-scripts lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-id -> rarian-sk-get-scripts lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-install -> rarian-sk-install lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-preinstall -> rarian-sk-preinstall lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-rebuilddb -> rarian-sk-rebuild lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-uninstall -> rarian-sk-install lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 May 14 2018 scrollkeeper-update -> rarian-sk-update -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29000 Nov 10 2010 sdiff -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 81048 Nov 10 2010 sdptool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 819768 Aug 22 2010 seahorse -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 668224 Aug 22 2010 seahorse-daemon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18832 Feb 21 2013 secon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 173496 Nov 10 2010 sedismod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 145400 Nov 10 2010 sedispol -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 195536 Feb 21 2013 semodule_deps -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10584 Feb 21 2013 semodule_expand -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10512 Feb 21 2013 semodule_link -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14944 Feb 21 2013 semodule_package -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13576 Aug 16 2010 sendiso -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 238 Mar 27 2018 sentry -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 43944 Jun 22 2012 seq lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jul 5 2018 serialver -> /etc/alternatives/serialver lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 Jul 5 2018 servertool -> /etc/alternatives/servertool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14720 Feb 23 2013 sessreg -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13920 Feb 21 2013 setarch -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 37016 Dec 7 2011 setfacl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18448 Sep 23 2011 setfattr -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10472 Nov 11 2010 setkeycodes -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12272 Nov 11 2010 setleds -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9976 Nov 11 2010 setmetamode -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8800 Feb 21 2013 setsid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25704 Feb 21 2013 setterm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 setup -> consolehelper -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1539 Feb 22 2013 setup-nsssysinit.sh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23880 Feb 23 2013 setxkbmap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 96328 Feb 21 2013 sftp lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 sg -> newgrp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 265 Nov 17 2000 sgmlwhich -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 39920 Jun 22 2012 sha1sum -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 45776 Jun 22 2012 sha224sum -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 45776 Jun 22 2012 sha256sum -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51112 Jun 22 2012 sha384sum -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51112 Jun 22 2012 sha512sum -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10353 Jun 22 2012 show-changed-rco -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2567 Aug 22 2010 showchar -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17672 Nov 11 2010 showconsolefont -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16570 Jun 22 2012 show-installed -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14112 Nov 11 2010 showkey -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9464 Feb 23 2013 showrgb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51432 Jun 22 2012 shred -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38944 Jun 22 2012 shuf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 171768 Feb 22 2013 signtool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 91664 Feb 22 2013 signver -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33728 Feb 21 2013 size -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 18752 Nov 15 2012 skill -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17568 Nov 15 2012 slabtop -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2034 Nov 10 2010 sliceprint lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5 May 14 2018 slogin -> ./ssh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1635136 Feb 21 2013 smbcontrol -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6221904 Feb 21 2013 smbcquotas -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6246408 Feb 21 2013 smbpasswd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32512 Nov 11 2010 smp_conf_general -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32608 Nov 11 2010 smp_conf_route_info -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 45368 Nov 11 2010 smp_discover -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48832 Nov 11 2010 smp_discover_list -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33936 Nov 11 2010 smp_phy_control -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32856 Nov 11 2010 smp_phy_test -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32920 Nov 11 2010 smp_read_gpio -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 34144 Nov 11 2010 smp_rep_exp_route_tbl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35392 Nov 11 2010 smp_rep_general -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32416 Nov 11 2010 smp_rep_manufacturer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32416 Nov 11 2010 smp_rep_phy_err_log -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32896 Nov 11 2010 smp_rep_phy_sata -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33728 Nov 11 2010 smp_rep_route_info -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33816 Nov 11 2010 smp_write_gpio -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10672 Sep 23 2011 sndfile-cmp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19280 Sep 23 2011 sndfile-convert -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14536 Sep 23 2011 sndfile-info -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12920 Sep 23 2011 sndfile-metadata-get -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18608 Sep 23 2011 sndfile-metadata-set -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18208 Sep 23 2011 sndfile-play -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20008 Sep 23 2011 sndfile-regtest -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14448 Aug 19 2010 sndfile-resample -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 18752 Nov 15 2012 snice -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26137 Feb 21 2013 snmpconf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26192 Nov 11 2010 soelim -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 247 Mar 27 2018 solrctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 210576 Nov 11 2010 sound-juicer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 140 Mar 27 2018 spark-shell -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 141 Mar 27 2018 spark-submit -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31296 Feb 21 2013 speaker-test -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48336 Feb 21 2013 spice-vdagent -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17452 Mar 22 2017 splain -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 55360 Jun 22 2012 split -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26832 Feb 21 2013 sprof -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59552 Aug 17 2010 sqlite3 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 486 Mar 27 2018 sqoop -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 494 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-codegen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 504 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-create-hive-table -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 491 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-eval -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 493 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-export -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 491 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-help -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 493 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-import -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 504 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-import-all-tables -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 490 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-job -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 501 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-list-databases -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 498 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-list-tables -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 492 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-merge -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 496 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-metastore -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 494 Mar 27 2018 sqoop-version -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 376920 Feb 21 2013 ssh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 130288 Feb 21 2013 ssh-add -rwxr-sr-x. 1 root nobody 112704 Feb 21 2013 ssh-agent -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1389 Feb 21 2013 ssh-copy-id -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 154864 Feb 21 2013 ssh-keygen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 216864 Feb 21 2013 ssh-keyscan -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 44952 Feb 22 2013 ssltap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10264 Feb 21 2013 stap-merge -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 912 Feb 21 2013 stap-report ---s--x---. 1 root stapusr 162584 Feb 21 2013 staprun -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18480 Feb 21 2013 stapsh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1184 Jul 11 2012 start-pulseaudio-x11 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4423 Aug 16 2010 startx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50400 Jun 22 2012 stat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 97840 Nov 10 2010 states -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 63464 Jun 22 2012 stdbuf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 309088 Feb 21 2013 strace -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32464 Feb 21 2013 strings -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 219064 Feb 21 2013 strip ---s--x--x. 1 root root 123832 Feb 21 2013 sudo lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 sudoedit -> sudo ---x--x--x. 1 root root 59744 Feb 21 2013 sudoreplay -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 34632 Jun 22 2012 sum -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23536 Feb 23 2013 synclient -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19096 Feb 23 2013 syndaemon lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 system-config-authentication -> consolehelper lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 system-config-date -> consolehelper -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1217 Sep 23 2011 system-config-firewall -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1155 Sep 23 2011 system-config-firewall-tui lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 system-config-keyboard -> consolehelper lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 system-config-network -> consolehelper lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 system-config-network-cmd -> consolehelper -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 95 Apr 3 2012 system-config-printer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 80 Apr 3 2012 system-config-printer-applet lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 May 14 2018 system-config-users -> consolehelper -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17792 Nov 11 2010 system-setup-keyboard -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14480 Aug 18 2010 tabs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 96256 Jun 22 2012 tac -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59696 Jun 22 2012 tail -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11936 Feb 21 2013 tailf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 105704 Nov 11 2010 tbl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27752 Jun 22 2012 tee -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33808 Jun 22 2012 test -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14360 Aug 16 2010 testlibraw -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1614264 Feb 21 2013 testparm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6843 Aug 22 2010 test_ppa -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23280 Nov 11 2010 test-speech -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6465 Nov 10 2010 text2wave -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30888 Nov 11 2010 tfmtodit -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2295 Aug 16 2010 tgz -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19784 Dec 18 2012 thumbnail -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53784 Aug 18 2010 tic -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16304 Dec 18 2012 tiff2bw -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 69064 Dec 18 2012 tiff2pdf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 46056 Dec 18 2012 tiff2ps -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15840 Dec 18 2012 tiff2rgba -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19088 Dec 18 2012 tiffcmp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36000 Dec 18 2012 tiffcp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 103296 Dec 18 2012 tiffcrop -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14712 Dec 18 2012 tiffdither -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20944 Dec 18 2012 tiffdump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18384 Dec 18 2012 tiffinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19280 Dec 18 2012 tiffmedian -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13072 Dec 18 2012 tiffset -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15208 Dec 18 2012 tiffsplit -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17944 Aug 18 2010 time -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50176 Jun 22 2012 timeout -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11808 Nov 15 2012 tload lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 May 14 2018 tmpwatch -> ../../usr/sbin/tmpwatch lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jul 5 2018 tnameserv -> /etc/alternatives/tnameserv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 228568 Nov 10 2010 toc2cddb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 229096 Nov 10 2010 toc2cue -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15496 Aug 18 2010 toe -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 68392 Nov 15 2012 top -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 522584 Nov 11 2010 totem -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 175176 Nov 11 2010 totem-audio-preview -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 175104 Nov 11 2010 totem-video-indexer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 187008 Nov 11 2010 totem-video-thumbnailer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15272 Aug 18 2010 tput lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Jun 7 2018 tpvmlp -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin/appLoader lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Jun 7 2018 tpvmlpd -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin/appLoader -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 41424 Jun 22 2012 tr -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 363616 Nov 11 2010 troff -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51160 Jun 22 2012 truncate -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22464 Aug 18 2010 tset -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35864 Jun 22 2012 tsort -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25464 Jun 22 2012 tty -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7131 Feb 21 2013 tzselect -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21856 Dec 7 2011 ucs2any -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48648 Dec 7 2011 udisks -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17528 Feb 21 2013 ul lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 May 14 2018 ulockmgr_server -> /bin/ulockmgr_server -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31752 Jun 22 2012 unexpand -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 39008 Jun 22 2012 uniq -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4206 Sep 11 2012 unix-lpr.sh lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2 May 14 2018 unlzma -> xz lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jul 5 2018 unpack200 -> /etc/alternatives/unpack200 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 61592 Feb 21 2013 unprotoize -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10208 Feb 21 2013 unshare lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2 May 14 2018 unxz -> xz -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 164128 Nov 11 2010 unzip -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 76784 Nov 11 2010 unzipsfx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40720 Oct 10 2012 updatedb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17584 Aug 25 2010 update-desktop-database -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1275 Feb 21 2013 update-gdk-pixbuf-loaders -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1260 Feb 21 2013 update-gtk-immodules -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50360 Nov 11 2010 update-mime-database -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8360 Nov 15 2012 uptime -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12437 Jul 19 2011 urlgrabber -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4202 Mar 17 2010 usb-devices -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23952 Dec 7 2011 usbhid-dump lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 14 2018 userformat -> usermount -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 45720 Aug 22 2010 userinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29896 Aug 22 2010 usermount -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 39176 Aug 22 2010 userpasswd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27712 Jun 22 2012 users -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14192 Jul 19 2011 utmpdump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9360 Feb 21 2013 uuidgen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2220 Aug 16 2010 uz -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 117024 Jun 22 2012 vdir -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9096 Dec 7 2011 verify_blkparse -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9415 Jun 22 2012 verifytree -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1967072 Apr 5 2012 vim lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vimdiff -> vim -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2084 Apr 5 2012 vimtutor -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16520 Jan 21 2013 vino-passwd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 75688 Jan 21 2013 vino-preferences lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Jun 7 2018 vmhgfs-fuse -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/appLoader -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8328 Feb 23 2013 vmmouse_detect -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24880 Nov 15 2012 vmstat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9202 Jun 7 2018 vm-support -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 421976 Jun 7 2018 vmware-config-tools.pl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Jun 7 2018 vmware-guestproxycerttool -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/appLoader lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Jun 7 2018 vmware-hgfsclient -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/appLoader lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Jun 7 2018 vmware-toolbox-cmd -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/appLoader -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 221099 Jun 7 2018 vmware-uninstall-tools.pl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 52 Jun 7 2018 vmware-user -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/vmware-user-suid-wrapper lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 Jun 7 2018 vmware-xferlogs -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/vmware-xferlogs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8912 Nov 10 2010 volname -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31776 Aug 17 2010 vorbiscomment -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15096 Nov 15 2012 w -r-xr-sr-x. 1 root tty 15224 Jul 19 2011 wall -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16792 Nov 15 2012 watch -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14176 Nov 11 2010 watchgnupg -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 46328 Aug 18 2010 wavpack -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1729376 Feb 21 2013 wbinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36408 Jun 22 2012 wc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 68640 Feb 21 2013 wdaemon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 284 Sep 11 2012 wftopfa -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 362456 Oct 10 2012 wget -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1784 Feb 21 2013 whatis -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14616 Feb 21 2013 whereis -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25528 Sep 23 2011 which -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30304 Sep 23 2011 whiptail -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48952 Jun 22 2012 who -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26280 Jun 22 2012 whoami -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18368 Jul 18 2011 wnck-urgency-monitor -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 410728 Nov 12 2012 wodim -rwxr-sr-x. 1 root tty 12016 Feb 21 2013 write -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13200 Feb 21 2013 wrjpgcom lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Jul 5 2018 wsgen -> /etc/alternatives/wsgen lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Jul 5 2018 wsimport -> /etc/alternatives/wsimport -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32720 Aug 18 2010 wvgain -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 44128 Aug 18 2010 wvunpack lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 X -> Xorg lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 x86_64 -> setarch -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 268160 Feb 21 2013 x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 46648 Nov 10 2010 xargs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 43176 Aug 18 2010 xauth -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15050 Sep 23 2011 xdg-desktop-icon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 37949 Sep 23 2011 xdg-desktop-menu -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19059 Sep 23 2011 xdg-email -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24459 Sep 23 2011 xdg-icon-resource -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29569 Sep 23 2011 xdg-mime -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11201 Sep 23 2011 xdg-open -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21062 Sep 23 2011 xdg-screensaver -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25055 Sep 23 2011 xdg-settings -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 234 Nov 11 2010 xdg-user-dir -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26936 Aug 24 2010 xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21768 Nov 11 2010 xdg-user-dirs-update -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38112 Feb 23 2013 xdpyinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12800 Feb 21 2013 xdriinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25976 Feb 23 2013 xev -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13072 Feb 23 2013 xgamma -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 224960 Jun 2 2014 xgettext -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17736 Feb 23 2013 xhost -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22576 Aug 16 2010 xinit -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51072 Feb 23 2013 xinput lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Jul 5 2018 xjc -> /etc/alternatives/xjc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 183296 Feb 23 2013 xkbcomp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15368 Feb 23 2013 xkill -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12720 Feb 23 2013 xlsatoms -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16576 Feb 23 2013 xlsclients -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21208 Feb 23 2013 xlsfonts -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19552 Nov 29 2012 xmlcatalog -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 64864 Nov 29 2012 xmllint -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26080 Jun 13 2012 xmlwf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35744 Feb 23 2013 xmodmap -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 2261800 Feb 22 2013 Xorg -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40544 Feb 23 2013 xprop -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53336 Feb 23 2013 xrandr -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28368 Feb 23 2013 xrdb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13336 Feb 23 2013 xrefresh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 34064 Feb 23 2013 xset -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10784 Feb 23 2013 xsetmode -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11544 Feb 23 2013 xsetpointer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19776 Feb 23 2013 xsetroot -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 46592 Feb 23 2013 xsetwacom -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29568 Sep 13 2012 xsltproc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16600 Feb 23 2013 xstdcmap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4093 Mar 22 2017 xsubpp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1573 Jan 8 2013 xulrunner -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12752 Aug 22 2010 xvattr -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15000 Feb 23 2013 xvinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 44176 Feb 23 2013 xwininfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17592 Apr 5 2012 xxd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51840 Aug 22 2010 xz lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2 May 14 2018 xzcat -> xz lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 xzcmp -> xzdiff -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15464 Aug 22 2010 xzdec -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5220 Aug 22 2010 xzdiff lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 xzegrep -> xzgrep lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 xzfgrep -> xzgrep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5207 Aug 22 2010 xzgrep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1806 Aug 22 2010 xzless -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2167 Aug 22 2010 xzmore -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 245 May 24 2018 yarn -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 329320 Feb 24 2012 yelp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25664 Jun 22 2012 yes -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 801 Feb 22 2013 yum -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9056 Jun 22 2012 yum-builddep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8007 Jun 22 2012 yum-config-manager -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7603 Jun 22 2012 yum-debug-dump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7931 Jun 22 2012 yum-debug-restore -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13580 Jun 22 2012 yumdownloader -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11030 Jun 22 2012 yum-groups-manager -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 67 Nov 11 2010 zcmp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4441 Nov 11 2010 zdiff -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 62 Nov 11 2010 zegrep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 92296 Aug 16 2010 zenity -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 62 Nov 11 2010 zfgrep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2022 Nov 11 2010 zforce -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4975 Nov 11 2010 zgrep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 216008 Nov 11 2010 zip -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 110376 Nov 11 2010 zipcloak -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2953 Oct 10 2008 zipgrep -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 164128 Nov 11 2010 zipinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 101856 Nov 11 2010 zipnote -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 105280 Nov 11 2010 zipsplit -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1731 Nov 11 2010 zless -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2605 Nov 11 2010 zmore -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5246 Nov 11 2010 znew -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 413 Mar 27 2018 zookeeper-client -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 739 Mar 27 2018 zookeeper-server -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 740 Mar 27 2018 zookeeper-server-cleanup -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 750 Mar 27 2018 zookeeper-server-initialize lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 zsoelim -> soelim
ll /usr/bin部分内容
[email protected]:~]#ll /bin total 7800 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 123 Feb 21 2013 alsaunmute -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27776 Jun 22 2012 arch lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 awk -> gawk -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26264 Jun 22 2012 basename -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 938768 Feb 21 2013 bash -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48568 Jun 22 2012 cat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 55472 Jun 22 2012 chgrp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 52472 Jun 22 2012 chmod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 57464 Jun 22 2012 chown -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 122736 Jun 22 2012 cp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 135744 Oct 30 2012 cpio lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 csh -> tcsh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 45408 Jun 22 2012 cut -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 109672 Oct 17 2012 dash -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59488 Jun 22 2012 date -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12600 Sep 13 2012 dbus-cleanup-sockets -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 339080 Sep 13 2012 dbus-daemon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18560 Sep 13 2012 dbus-monitor -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22456 Sep 13 2012 dbus-send -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11008 Sep 13 2012 dbus-uuidgen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53944 Jun 22 2012 dd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 77424 Jun 22 2012 df -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9944 Feb 21 2013 dmesg lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 14 2018 dnsdomainname -> hostname lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 14 2018 domainname -> hostname -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 81120 Nov 11 2010 dumpkeys -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28176 Jun 22 2012 echo -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 53400 Nov 10 2010 ed -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 106400 Mar 7 2012 egrep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26368 Jun 22 2012 env lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2 May 14 2018 ex -> vi -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25120 Jun 22 2012 false -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 71392 Mar 7 2012 fgrep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 238952 Nov 10 2010 find -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 41896 Feb 21 2013 findmnt -rwsr-x---. 1 root fuse 32336 Dec 7 2011 fusermount -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 382456 Aug 7 2012 gawk -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33488 Jun 2 2014 gettext -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 111360 Mar 7 2012 grep lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 gtar -> tar -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 61 Nov 11 2010 gunzip -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 68616 Nov 11 2010 gzip -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17848 May 10 2012 hostname -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14920 Feb 22 2013 ipcalc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 May 14 2018 iptables-xml -> /etc/alternatives/bin-iptables-xml.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 May 14 2018 iptables-xml-1.4.7 -> /sbin/iptables-multi -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11296 Nov 11 2010 kbd_mode -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15224 Feb 21 2013 kill -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26256 Jun 22 2012 link -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 49504 Jun 22 2012 ln -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 112208 Nov 11 2010 loadkeys -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31592 Feb 21 2013 login -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 117024 Jun 22 2012 ls -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59848 Feb 21 2013 lsblk lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5 May 14 2018 mail -> mailx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 391224 Aug 22 2010 mailx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 49384 Jun 22 2012 mkdir -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32496 Jun 22 2012 mknod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38048 Jun 22 2012 mktemp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 41216 Feb 21 2013 more -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 77208 Feb 21 2013 mount -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9848 Jul 19 2011 mountpoint -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 113328 Jun 22 2012 mv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 178896 Nov 11 2010 nano -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 128192 May 10 2012 netstat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28784 Jun 22 2012 nice lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 14 2018 nisdomainname -> hostname -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 40760 Jul 18 2011 ping -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 36488 Jul 18 2011 ping6 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36808 Feb 22 2013 plymouth -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 87088 Nov 15 2012 ps -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31656 Jun 22 2012 pwd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11576 Feb 21 2013 raw -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40056 Jun 22 2012 readlink -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 53400 Nov 10 2010 red -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 576 Apr 16 2008 redhat_lsb_init -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 57440 Jun 22 2012 rm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40480 Jun 22 2012 rmdir lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 rnano -> nano -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30600 Feb 21 2013 rpm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2 May 14 2018 rvi -> vi lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2 May 14 2018 rview -> vi -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 72248 Jun 22 2012 sed -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42384 Nov 11 2010 setfont -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23672 Aug 22 2010 setserial lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 sh -> bash -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27848 Jun 22 2012 sleep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 98968 Jun 22 2012 sort -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 65032 Jun 22 2012 stty -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 34904 Jun 22 2012 su -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25432 Jun 22 2012 sync -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 395472 Feb 21 2013 tar -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14880 Feb 21 2013 taskset -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 387328 Feb 21 2013 tcsh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 52656 Jun 22 2012 touch -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11392 Jul 18 2011 tracepath -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12288 Jul 18 2011 tracepath6 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 57480 Nov 11 2010 traceroute lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 14 2018 traceroute6 -> traceroute -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25120 Jun 22 2012 true -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15008 Dec 7 2011 ulockmgr_server -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 53472 Feb 21 2013 umount -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27776 Jun 22 2012 uname -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2555 Nov 11 2010 unicode_start -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 363 Nov 11 2010 unicode_stop -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25760 Jun 22 2012 unlink -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10256 Feb 22 2013 usleep -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 770248 Apr 5 2012 vi lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2 May 14 2018 view -> vi lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 14 2018 ypdomainname -> hostname -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 62 Nov 11 2010 zcat
ll /bin
[email protected]:~]#ll /usr/local/sbin total 0
ll /usr/local/sbin
[email protected]:~]#ll /usr/sbin total 28472 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28488 Feb 22 2013 abrtd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24224 Feb 22 2013 abrt-dbus -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2832 Feb 22 2013 abrt-install-ccpp-hook -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19208 Feb 22 2013 abrt-server lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 14 2018 accept -> cupsaccept lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 May 14 2018 accton -> ../../sbin/accton -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 27312 Aug 18 2010 acpid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3126 Sep 21 2009 addgnupghome lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 adduser -> useradd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 May 14 2018 alsactl -> ../../sbin/alsactl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18199 Sep 12 2012 alsa-delay -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27496 Jun 22 2012 alternatives -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38968 Jul 18 2011 anacron -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3916 Feb 22 2013 apachectl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2264 Dec 18 2009 applygnupgdefaults -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42704 Feb 21 2013 arpd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 12 May 14 2018 arping -> /sbin/arping -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23968 Jan 30 2012 atd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 67 Jan 30 2012 atrun lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 May 14 2018 authconfig -> /usr/share/authconfig/authconfig.py lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 May 14 2018 authconfig-gtk -> /usr/share/authconfig/authconfig-gtk.py lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 May 14 2018 authconfig-tui -> /usr/share/authconfig/authconfig-tui.py -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38688 Feb 21 2013 avahi-autoipd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13968 Jun 22 2012 avcstat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 109472 Nov 10 2010 bccmd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18200 Dec 7 2011 biosdecode -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 500176 Nov 10 2010 bluetoothd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18984 Jun 22 2012 bonobo-activation-sysconf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 37696 Feb 21 2013 brctl -rwx------. 1 root root 753736 Feb 21 2013 build-locale-archive -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 644 Feb 21 2013 cacertdir_rehash -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16616 Dec 7 2011 capsh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27936 Aug 22 2010 chat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42616 Dec 7 2011 chpasswd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31776 Jun 22 2012 chroot -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18936 Nov 10 2010 ck-log-system-restart -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19232 Nov 10 2010 ck-log-system-start -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18936 Nov 10 2010 ck-log-system-stop -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15520 Jul 18 2011 clockdiff -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 155016 Nov 10 2010 console-kit-daemon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 70056 Nov 20 2012 convertquota -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22576 Feb 21 2013 cpuspeed -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9008 Jun 24 2011 cracklib-check -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 218 Jun 24 2011 cracklib-format -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9536 Jun 24 2011 cracklib-packer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8648 Jun 24 2011 cracklib-unpacker -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 990 Jun 24 2011 create-cracklib-dict -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59832 Jul 18 2011 crond -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10488 Nov 20 2012 cupsaccept -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10544 Nov 20 2012 cupsaddsmb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10528 Nov 20 2012 cupsctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 435896 Nov 20 2012 cupsd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 14 2018 cupsdisable -> cupsaccept lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 14 2018 cupsenable -> cupsaccept -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28728 Nov 20 2012 cupsfilter -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 65912 Nov 11 2010 cups-genppd.5.2 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35062 Nov 11 2010 cups-genppdupdate lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 14 2018 cupsreject -> cupsaccept -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 80856 Dec 7 2011 dmidecode -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 185888 Feb 21 2013 dnsmasq -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14632 Jul 17 2012 dump-acct -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14712 Jul 17 2012 dump-utmp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14456 Feb 21 2013 e2freefrag -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 78560 Nov 20 2012 edquota -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50984 Jun 21 2012 efibootmgr -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32112 Nov 10 2010 eject lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 May 14 2018 ethtool -> ../../sbin/ethtool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11416 Feb 21 2013 fdformat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13608 Feb 21 2013 filefrag -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8538 Feb 21 2013 firstboot -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29858 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-addpjloptions -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1371 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-cleanupdrivers -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4570 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-extract-text -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1539 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-fix-xml -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2140 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-getpjloptions -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3247 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-kitload -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4497 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-nonumericalids -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9322 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-preferred-driver -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5105 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-printermap-to-gutenprint-xml -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2606 Sep 23 2011 foomatic-replaceoldprinterids -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 388 Feb 21 2013 gdm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 170784 Feb 21 2013 gdm-binary -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33 Feb 21 2013 genhomedircon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10264 Dec 7 2011 getcap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8728 Jun 22 2012 getenforce -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9272 Dec 7 2011 getpcaps -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10648 Jun 22 2012 getsebool -rwx------. 1 root root 686480 Feb 21 2013 glibc_post_upgrade.x86_64 -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 54968 Dec 7 2011 groupadd -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 46512 Dec 7 2011 groupdel -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 50800 Dec 7 2011 groupmems -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 61360 Dec 7 2011 groupmod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50600 Dec 7 2011 grpck -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42416 Dec 7 2011 grpconv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42416 Dec 7 2011 grpunconv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 359064 Jul 19 2011 hald -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33416 Nov 10 2010 hciattach -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 115032 Nov 10 2010 hciconfig -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19984 Feb 22 2013 htcacheclean -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 354816 Feb 22 2013 httpd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 368168 Feb 22 2013 httpd.event -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 367240 Feb 22 2013 httpd.worker -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11192 Feb 22 2013 httxt2dbm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 May 14 2018 hwclock -> ../../sbin/hwclock -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 26520 Feb 21 2013 iconvconfig -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 26520 Feb 21 2013 iconvconfig.x86_64 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 39952 Feb 21 2013 irqbalance -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31800 Apr 5 2012 lchage -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13552 Feb 21 2013 ldattach -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 52808 Feb 21 2013 ledctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 55168 Feb 21 2013 ledmon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27976 Apr 5 2012 lgroupadd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26888 Apr 5 2012 lgroupdel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32800 Apr 5 2012 lgroupmod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16024 Apr 5 2012 lid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32632 Apr 5 2012 lnewusers -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18064 Feb 21 2013 lnstat lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 May 14 2018 load_policy -> /sbin/load_policy -rwx--s--x. 1 root lock 15808 Aug 18 2010 lockdev -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59744 Aug 15 2012 logrotate -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2197 Sep 23 2011 lokkit -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27208 Nov 20 2012 lpadmin -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30800 Apr 5 2012 lpasswd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 May 14 2018 lpc -> /etc/alternatives/print-lpc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14688 Nov 20 2012 lpc.cups -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14576 Nov 20 2012 lpinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10560 Nov 20 2012 lpmove -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 145872 Apr 3 2012 lsof lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 May 14 2018 lsusb -> /usr/bin/lsusb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33040 Apr 5 2012 luseradd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28784 Apr 5 2012 luserdel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35144 Apr 5 2012 lusermod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 248760 Feb 21 2013 makedumpfile -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14118 Feb 21 2013 makewhatis lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 May 14 2018 matchpathcon -> ../../sbin/matchpathcon lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 May 14 2018 mkdict -> cracklib-format -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9624 Feb 21 2013 mklost+found -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10640 Nov 10 2010 mksock -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 317096 Nov 10 2010 modem-manager -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 64512 Aug 16 2010 mtr -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 112912 Nov 12 2012 netscsid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 858456 Feb 21 2013 NetworkManager -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 65432 Dec 7 2011 newusers -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20352 Feb 21 2013 nstat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 614144 Feb 22 2013 ntpd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 70864 Feb 22 2013 ntpdate -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 190160 Feb 22 2013 ntpdc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 107456 Feb 22 2013 ntp-keygen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 179728 Feb 22 2013 ntpq -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19896 Feb 22 2013 ntptime -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31192 Jun 22 2012 ntsysv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14632 Feb 21 2013 open_init_pty -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12144 Dec 7 2011 ownership -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 353928 Feb 21 2013 packagekitd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 May 14 2018 packer -> cracklib-packer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9156 Feb 21 2013 pethtool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2932 Feb 21 2013 pifconfig lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 14 2018 ping6 -> /bin/ping6 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15536 Feb 21 2013 pk-device-rebind -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18704 Nov 27 2012 pluginviewer -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6349 Feb 22 2013 plymouth-set-default-theme lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 May 14 2018 pm-hibernate -> /usr/lib64/pm-utils/bin/pm-action -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1570 Jul 18 2012 pm-powersave lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 May 14 2018 pm-suspend -> /usr/lib64/pm-utils/bin/pm-action lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 May 14 2018 pm-suspend-hybrid -> /usr/lib64/pm-utils/bin/pm-action -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 213736 Dec 2 2011 postalias -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 119400 Dec 2 2011 postcat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 304200 Dec 2 2011 postconf -rwxr-sr-x. 1 root postdrop 180808 Dec 2 2011 postdrop -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 110536 Dec 2 2011 postfix -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 118792 Dec 2 2011 postkick -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 114664 Dec 2 2011 postlock -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 110728 Dec 2 2011 postlog -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 217800 Dec 2 2011 postmap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 127400 Dec 2 2011 postmulti -rwxr-sr-x. 1 root postdrop 213736 Dec 2 2011 postqueue -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 127400 Dec 2 2011 postsuper -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 359592 Aug 22 2010 pppd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53512 Aug 22 2010 pppdump -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 19672 Aug 22 2010 pppoe-discovery -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17088 Aug 22 2010 pppstats -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1320696 Dec 7 2011 prelink -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42416 Dec 7 2011 pwck -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38296 Dec 7 2011 pwconv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29016 Dec 7 2011 pwunconv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 74400 Nov 20 2012 quota_nld -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11480 Nov 20 2012 quotastats -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3443 Dec 6 2012 raid-check -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15616 Feb 21 2013 readprofile -rwx------. 1 root root 2896 Feb 22 2013 redhat_lsb_trigger.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 14 2018 reject -> cupsaccept -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 70304 Nov 20 2012 repquota -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31648 Feb 21 2013 restorecond -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16744 Feb 22 2013 rotatelogs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 74664 Nov 20 2012 rpc.rquotad -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36416 Feb 21 2013 rtacct -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17856 Feb 21 2013 rtcwake -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12432 Aug 20 2010 rtkitctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10568 Feb 21 2013 run_init -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32288 Jul 17 2012 sa -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8896 Dec 7 2011 safe_finger -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 75784 Nov 11 2010 saned -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 88496 Nov 27 2012 saslauthd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20320 Nov 27 2012 sasldblistusers2 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18088 Nov 27 2012 saslpasswd2 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10256 Jun 22 2012 selinuxconlist -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10616 Jun 22 2012 selinuxdefcon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7968 Jun 22 2012 selinuxenabled -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19352 Feb 21 2013 semodule lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 May 14 2018 sendmail -> /etc/alternatives/mta -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 213616 Dec 2 2011 sendmail.postfix -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14784 Feb 21 2013 sestatus -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11032 Dec 7 2011 setcap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9296 Jun 22 2012 setenforce -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 82720 Nov 20 2012 setquota -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14720 Feb 21 2013 setsebool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15976 Aug 25 2010 setup -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15184 May 31 2012 skdump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9544 May 31 2012 sktest -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 525072 Feb 21 2013 smartctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 500400 Feb 21 2013 smartd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 82472 Dec 2 2011 smtp-sink -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 69168 Dec 2 2011 smtp-source -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30744 Feb 21 2013 snmpd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30776 Feb 21 2013 snmptrapd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 926 Feb 22 2013 sosreport -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42480 Feb 21 2013 spice-vdagentd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 75056 Feb 21 2013 ss -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 526008 Feb 21 2013 sshd -r-s--x---. 1 root apache 13984 Feb 22 2013 suexec lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 May 14 2018 system-config-authentication -> /usr/share/authconfig/authconfig-gtk.py -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 142 Jun 22 2012 system-config-keyboard -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 188 Nov 11 2010 system-config-network lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 45 May 14 2018 system-config-network-cmd -> ../share/system-config-network/netconf_cmd.py lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 45 May 14 2018 system-config-network-tui -> ../share/system-config-network/netconf_tui.py -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 180 Feb 22 2013 sys-unconfig -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35648 Dec 7 2011 tcpd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 742032 Mar 26 2012 tcpdump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24568 Mar 26 2012 tcpslice -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14824 Nov 27 2012 testsaslauthd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 248872 Jun 22 2012 thin_check -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 365240 Jun 22 2012 thin_dump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 370200 Jun 22 2012 thin_restore -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5816 Feb 22 2013 tickadj -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21656 Sep 23 2011 tmpwatch -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10656 Jun 22 2012 togglesebool lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 May 14 2018 tracepath -> /bin/tracepath lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 May 14 2018 tracepath6 -> /bin/tracepath6 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19680 Dec 7 2011 try-from -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12536 Feb 21 2013 tunelp -rwx------. 1 root root 3784 Feb 21 2013 tzdata-update lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 12 May 14 2018 update-alternatives -> alternatives -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1755 Feb 21 2013 update-pciids -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3582 Feb 21 2013 update-smart-drivedb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51560 Aug 22 2010 usbmuxd -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 103096 Dec 7 2011 useradd -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 69560 Dec 7 2011 userdel -rws--x--x. 1 root root 41112 Aug 22 2010 userhelper -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 98680 Dec 7 2011 usermod -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 9000 Feb 22 2013 usernetctl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 vigr -> vipw -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53160 Dec 7 2011 vipw -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6768 Feb 21 2013 virt-what -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 154680 Feb 21 2013 visudo lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Jun 7 2018 vmtoolsd -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/sbin64/vmtoolsd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 Jun 7 2018 vmware-checkvm -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/sbin64/vmware-checkvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Jun 7 2018 vmware-namespace-cmd -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/appLoader lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 Jun 7 2018 vmware-rpctool -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/sbin64/vmware-rpctool lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Jun 7 2018 vmware-vmblock-fuse -> /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/appLoader -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14840 Dec 7 2011 vpddecode -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 82656 Nov 20 2012 warnquota -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7892520 Feb 21 2013 winbindd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48464 Feb 4 2013 wpa_cli -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35904 Feb 4 2013 wpa_passphrase -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 712768 Feb 4 2013 wpa_supplicant -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9416 Jun 22 2012 yum-complete-transaction -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8022 Jun 22 2012 yumdb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17392 Feb 21 2013 zdump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50256 Feb 21 2013 zic
ll /usr/sbin
[email protected]:~]#ll /sbin total 15320 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10704 Jul 17 2012 accton -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8456 Feb 21 2013 addpart -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23952 Feb 21 2013 agetty -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 94168 Feb 21 2013 alsactl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 62816 May 10 2012 arp -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17776 Jul 18 2011 arping -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 92192 Jun 22 2012 audispd -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 133072 Jun 22 2012 auditctl -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 174168 Jun 22 2012 auditd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 149120 Jun 22 2012 aureport -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 167648 Jun 22 2012 ausearch -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 91720 Jun 22 2012 autrace -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29752 Feb 21 2013 badblocks -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36560 Feb 21 2013 biosdevname -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 9722 Feb 21 2013 blkdeactivate -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27824 Feb 21 2013 blkid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17336 Feb 21 2013 blockdev -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1045992 Jun 22 2012 busybox -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33559 Feb 21 2013 cbq -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 61416 Feb 21 2013 cfdisk -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29072 Feb 21 2013 chcpu -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 35264 Jun 22 2012 chkconfig lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 clock -> hwclock -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7896 Feb 22 2013 consoletype -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14632 Jul 19 2011 crda -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 41640 Jun 22 2012 cryptsetup -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8592 Feb 21 2013 ctrlaltdel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 96336 Feb 21 2013 debugfs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8416 Feb 21 2013 delpart -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 135344 Feb 21 2013 depmod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 572256 Feb 22 2013 dhclient -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25352 Sep 25 2012 dhclient-script -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 13168 Jun 22 2012 dm_dso_reg_tool -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 40008 Feb 21 2013 dmeventd -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 13168 Jun 22 2012 dmevent_tool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26256 Jun 22 2012 dmraid lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 dmraid.static -> dmraid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 73760 Feb 21 2013 dmsetup -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 55344 Dec 7 2011 dosfsck -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 52288 Dec 7 2011 dosfslabel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11979 Feb 21 2013 dracut -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23288 Feb 21 2013 dumpe2fs -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 197256 Feb 21 2013 e2fsck -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28296 Feb 21 2013 e2image -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 42728 Feb 21 2013 e2label -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14592 Feb 21 2013 e2undo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14712 May 10 2012 ether-wake -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 236848 Feb 21 2013 ethtool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15016 Feb 21 2013 faillock -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 106008 Feb 21 2013 fdisk -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9608 Feb 21 2013 findfs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6049 Feb 21 2013 fixfiles -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 14083 Feb 21 2013 fsadm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 34680 Feb 21 2013 fsck -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15976 Feb 21 2013 fsck.cramfs -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 197256 Feb 21 2013 fsck.ext2 -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 197256 Feb 21 2013 fsck.ext3 -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 197256 Feb 21 2013 fsck.ext4 -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 197256 Feb 21 2013 fsck.ext4dev lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 fsck.msdos -> dosfsck lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 fsck.vfat -> dosfsck -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10512 Feb 21 2013 fsfreeze -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8336 Feb 22 2013 fstab-decode -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18384 Feb 21 2013 fstrim -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29160 Jun 24 2011 fuser -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8096 Feb 22 2013 genhostid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11992 Feb 22 2013 getkey -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 754248 Feb 21 2013 grub -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50456 Jun 22 2012 grubby -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2463 Feb 21 2013 grub-crypt -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17989 Feb 21 2013 grub-install -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2293 Feb 21 2013 grub-md5-crypt -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2473 Feb 21 2013 grub-terminfo lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 halt -> reboot -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 100664 Nov 11 2010 hdparm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48144 Feb 21 2013 hwclock -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3056 Feb 21 2013 ifcfg -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 73936 May 10 2012 ifconfig -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1331 Jan 9 2013 ifdown -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22168 Jul 18 2011 ifenslave -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32216 Aug 18 2010 ifrename -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4367 Jan 9 2013 ifup -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 150352 Jun 22 2012 init -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 138784 Jun 22 2012 initctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14120 Feb 21 2013 insmod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 797088 Feb 21 2013 insmod.static -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 43584 Aug 19 2010 install-info -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2670 Jun 22 2012 installkernel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 236152 Feb 21 2013 ip lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 May 14 2018 ip6tables -> /etc/alternatives/ip6tables.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 May 14 2018 ip6tables-1.4.7 -> ip6tables-multi lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 45 May 14 2018 ip6tables-multi -> /etc/alternatives/sbin-ip6tables-multi.x86_64 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50040 Feb 21 2013 ip6tables-multi-1.4.7 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 47 May 14 2018 ip6tables-restore -> /etc/alternatives/sbin-ip6tables-restore.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 May 14 2018 ip6tables-restore-1.4.7 -> ip6tables-multi lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 May 14 2018 ip6tables-save -> /etc/alternatives/sbin-ip6tables-save.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 May 14 2018 ip6tables-save-1.4.7 -> ip6tables-multi -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19352 May 10 2012 ipmaddr lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 May 14 2018 iptables -> /etc/alternatives/iptables.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 May 14 2018 iptables-1.4.7 -> iptables-multi lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 May 14 2018 iptables-multi -> /etc/alternatives/sbin-iptables-multi.x86_64 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 58872 Feb 21 2013 iptables-multi-1.4.7 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 May 14 2018 iptables-restore -> /etc/alternatives/sbin-iptables-restore.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 May 14 2018 iptables-restore-1.4.7 -> iptables-multi lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 May 14 2018 iptables-save -> /etc/alternatives/sbin-iptables-save.x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 May 14 2018 iptables-save-1.4.7 -> iptables-multi -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23272 May 10 2012 iptunnel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 79112 Aug 22 2010 iw -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30288 Aug 18 2010 iwconfig -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18664 Aug 18 2010 iwevent -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14400 Aug 18 2010 iwgetid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36504 Aug 18 2010 iwlist -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15224 Aug 18 2010 iwpriv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14272 Aug 18 2010 iwspy -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11088 Feb 21 2013 kdump -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 180624 Feb 21 2013 kexec -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19080 Jul 19 2011 killall5 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38008 Feb 21 2013 kpartx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 893872 Feb 21 2013 ldconfig -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10456 Feb 21 2013 load_policy -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13104 Feb 21 2013 logsave -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31952 Feb 21 2013 losetup -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2365 Feb 21 2013 lsinitrd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9096 Feb 21 2013 lsmod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 71800 Feb 21 2013 lspci lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 14 2018 lspcmcia -> pccardctl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvchange -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvconvert -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvcreate -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvdisplay -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvextend -> lvm -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 1013336 Feb 21 2013 lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvmchange -> lvm -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 6691 Feb 21 2013 lvmconf lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvmdiskscan -> lvm -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 7301 Feb 21 2013 lvmdump -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 49480 Feb 21 2013 lvmetad lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvmsadc -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvmsar -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvreduce -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvremove -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvrename -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvresize -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvs -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 lvscan -> lvm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28792 Nov 10 2010 MAKEDEV -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12024 Jun 22 2012 matchpathcon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 467208 Feb 21 2013 mdadm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 307128 Feb 21 2013 mdmon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11696 Feb 21 2013 microcode_ctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21760 May 10 2012 mii-diag -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18200 May 10 2012 mii-tool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19144 Sep 23 2011 mingetty -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 30592 Dec 7 2011 mkdosfs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 109796 Feb 21 2013 mkdumprd -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 68960 Feb 21 2013 mke2fs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10336 Feb 21 2013 mkfs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26208 Feb 21 2013 mkfs.cramfs -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 68960 Feb 21 2013 mkfs.ext2 -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 68960 Feb 21 2013 mkfs.ext3 -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 68960 Feb 21 2013 mkfs.ext4 -rwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 68960 Feb 21 2013 mkfs.ext4dev lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 mkfs.msdos -> mkdosfs lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 mkfs.vfat -> mkdosfs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22608 Feb 21 2013 mkhomedir_helper -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3412 Feb 21 2013 mkinitrd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 22648 Feb 21 2013 mkswap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 97624 Feb 21 2013 modinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 123184 Feb 21 2013 modprobe -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11616 Dec 7 2011 mount.fuse -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1338 Feb 21 2013 mount.tmpfs -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 67536 Jun 7 2018 mount.vmhgfs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15600 May 10 2012 nameif -rwxr-sr-x. 1 root root 8792 Feb 22 2013 netreport -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13818 Jun 22 2012 new-kernel-pkg -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7816 Feb 21 2013 nologin -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 43512 Feb 21 2013 pam_console_apply -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17272 Feb 21 2013 pam_tally2 -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 10272 Feb 21 2013 pam_timestamp_check -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 86984 Feb 21 2013 parted -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14656 Feb 21 2013 partprobe -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 25496 Feb 21 2013 partx -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36176 Nov 11 2010 pccardctl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 14 2018 pidof -> killall5 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7792 Feb 21 2013 pivot_root -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10752 May 10 2012 plipconfig -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 76208 Feb 22 2013 plymouthd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 14 2018 portrelease -> portreserve -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14664 Apr 3 2012 portreserve lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 poweroff -> reboot -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29560 Feb 22 2013 ppp-watch lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvchange -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvck -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvcreate -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvdisplay -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvmove -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvremove -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvresize -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvs -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 pvscan -> lvm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 103080 Nov 20 2012 quotacheck lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 quotaoff -> quotaon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 74240 Nov 20 2012 quotaon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20576 Jul 18 2011 rdisc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 26976 Aug 23 2010 readahead -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28392 Aug 23 2010 readahead-collector -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14832 Jun 22 2012 reboot -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11488 Jul 19 2011 regdbdump lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 reload -> initctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 41712 Feb 21 2013 resize2fs lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 restart -> initctl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 14 2018 restorecon -> setfiles -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12416 Aug 22 2010 rfkill -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16672 Feb 21 2013 rmmod -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17632 Dec 17 2011 rngd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 59784 May 10 2012 route -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 391968 Feb 21 2013 rsyslogd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38248 Feb 21 2013 rtmon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14352 Jun 22 2012 runlevel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32696 Jun 22 2012 runuser lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 May 14 2018 scsi_id -> ../lib/udev/scsi_id -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10600 Feb 22 2013 securetty -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1694 Feb 22 2013 service -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23168 Feb 21 2013 setfiles -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23928 Feb 21 2013 setpci -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1503 Feb 25 2010 setregdomain -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 850 Feb 22 2013 setsysfont -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 64928 Feb 21 2013 sfdisk -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16752 Aug 22 2010 sgpio -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 60400 Jun 22 2012 shutdown -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38224 May 10 2012 slattach -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 686520 Feb 21 2013 sln lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 start -> initctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8109 Feb 21 2013 start_udev lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 status -> initctl lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 14 2018 stop -> initctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17040 Jul 19 2011 sulogin -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 67 Feb 22 2013 sushell lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 14 2018 swapoff -> swapon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28792 Feb 21 2013 swapon -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12232 Feb 21 2013 switch_root -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16768 Nov 15 2012 sysctl -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 259232 Feb 21 2013 tc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 51536 Jun 22 2012 telinit -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 42728 Feb 21 2013 tune2fs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 137256 Feb 21 2013 udevadm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 129120 Feb 21 2013 udevd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12224 Jul 19 2011 umount.hal -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12440 Dec 7 2011 umount.udisks -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 34840 Feb 21 2013 unix_chkpwd -rwx------. 1 root root 34840 Feb 21 2013 unix_update -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13480 Aug 18 2010 vconfig lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgcfgbackup -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgcfgrestore -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgchange -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgck -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgconvert -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgcreate -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgdisplay -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgexport -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgextend -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgimport -> lvm -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 10399 Feb 21 2013 vgimportclone lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgmerge -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgmknodes -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgreduce -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgremove -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgrename -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgs -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgscan -> lvm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 May 14 2018 vgsplit -> lvm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17400 Feb 21 2013 vmcore-dmesg -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15410 Feb 21 2013 weak-modules -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16576 Feb 21 2013 wipefs
ll /sbin
[email protected]:~]#ll /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_161/bin total 732 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7965 Dec 19 2017 appletviewer lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Jul 5 2018 ControlPanel -> jcontrol -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 extcheck -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7973 Dec 19 2017 idlj -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7925 Dec 19 2017 jar -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7957 Dec 19 2017 jarsigner -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7734 Dec 19 2017 java -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 javac -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 javadoc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2293 Dec 19 2017 javafxpackager -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 javah -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 javap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2293 Dec 19 2017 javapackager -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1809 Dec 19 2017 java-rmi.cgi -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 132017 Dec 19 2017 javaws -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7925 Dec 19 2017 jcmd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8013 Dec 19 2017 jconsole -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6264 Dec 19 2017 jcontrol -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7981 Dec 19 2017 jdb -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 jdeps -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 jhat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8109 Dec 19 2017 jinfo -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 jjs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8109 Dec 19 2017 jmap -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28262 Dec 19 2017 jmc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 402 Nov 24 2016 jmc.ini -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7925 Dec 19 2017 jps -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7949 Dec 19 2017 jrunscript -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7981 Dec 19 2017 jsadebugd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8109 Dec 19 2017 jstack -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 jstat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 jstatd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5110 Jan 14 2017 jvisualvm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 keytool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7949 Dec 19 2017 native2ascii -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8149 Dec 19 2017 orbd -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7957 Dec 19 2017 pack200 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7997 Dec 19 2017 policytool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7925 Dec 19 2017 rmic -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 rmid -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7949 Dec 19 2017 rmiregistry -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7957 Dec 19 2017 schemagen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 serialver -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7965 Dec 19 2017 servertool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8181 Dec 19 2017 tnameserv -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 231482 Dec 19 2017 unpack200 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7941 Dec 19 2017 wsgen -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7957 Dec 19 2017 wsimport -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7957 Dec 19 2017 xjc
ll /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_161/bin
[email protected]:~]#ll /home/yang total 80 drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 30 02:50 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 14 2018 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 14 2018 Downloads -rw-rw-r--. 1 yang yang 11103 Jun 6 2018 log-pig-flume.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 yang yang 0 Jun 6 2018 log-pig-flume.txt~ -rw-rw-r--. 1 yang yang 30161 Jun 6 2018 log-proxy.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 14 2018 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 30 02:11 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 14 2018 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 14 2018 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 yang yang 4096 May 14 2018 Videos drwxrwxr-x. 4 yang yang 4096 Jul 5 2018 workspac
ll /home/yang
小结
可见，我们经常使用的命令，如：reboot ，其完整的名称为“ /usr/bin/reboot ”，它的简化功劳得亏于profile配置文件和其他文件的组合应用。同时，profile配置文件主要用于登录设置的全系统环境和启动程序。如果profile配置文件出现问题会直接影响到图形界面的使用，但不影响字符界面的正常操作。
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Raodi/p/11623403.html
时间： 2024-10-08 05:39:40