使用jupyter切换子环境，以及导致的`找不到指定模块`和`找不到指定的程序`问题

????为了防止python环境变乱，于是新建子环境进行不同项目操作。最近想使用jupyter切换环境进行操作。遇到了下列问题：
1. 安装插件，使jupyter可以切换环境
2. ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。
3. ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的程序。

一、安装插件

????想要在jupyter下切换环境运行，需要安装以下插件：

#有两个环境，tf1,和tf2,激活
conda activate tf1
#安装ipython kernel
pip install ipykernel
#链接当前环境到jupyter
python -m ipykernel install --user --name=tf1
#然后是另一个环境，做同样操作
conda activate tf2
pip install ipykernel
python -m ipykernel install --user --name=tf2

????Anaconda Prompt中的切换界面：

????我新建的环境名称是：caffe-fzp,安装好插件后，即可在jupyter的Homepage中看见：

????点击新的环境caffe-fzp即可进入子环境：

????But!运行过程中，。陆续出现了不少问题，下面是问题记录：

二、ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

????报错的提示如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Scripts\jupyter-notebook-script.py", line 6, in <module>
    from notebook.notebookapp import main
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\notebook\notebookapp.py", line 47, in <module>
    from zmq.eventloop import ioloop
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\__init__.py", line 47, in <module>
    from zmq import backend
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\backend\__init__.py", line 40, in <module>
    reraise(*exc_info)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\utils\sixcerpt.py", line 34, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\backend\__init__.py", line 27, in <module>
    _ns = select_backend(first)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\backend\select.py", line 27, in select_backend
    mod = __import__(name, fromlist=public_api)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\backend\cython\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from . import (constants, error, message, context,
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

• 问题原因：
  ????zmq包是用于连接的，若出现问题，会导致连接不上服务器。我的问题是版本不匹配。
• 解决办法：

1. 切换到子环境，再卸载旧版本

pip uninstall pyzmq

&#160；&#160；&#160；&#160；从截图中即可看出，旧版本是17.1.2。

1. 在子环境里，重新下载新版本

pip install pyzmq

&#160；&#160；&#160；&#160；从截图中即可看出，安装的新版本是18.1.1。

Bingo！ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。问题到这里就解决啦。
&#160；&#160；&#160；&#160；如果和我一样又出现了ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的程序。问题，继续看下一点。

三、ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的程序

[I 10:41:35.455 NotebookApp] KernelRestarter: restarting kernel (4/5), new random ports
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\ipykernel_launcher.py", line 16, in <module>
    app.launch_new_instance()
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\traitlets\config\application.py", line 663, in launch_instance
    app.initialize(argv)
  File "<D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\decorator.py:decorator-gen-125>", line 2, in initialize
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\traitlets\config\application.py", line 87, in catch_config_error
    return method(app, *args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelapp.py", line 550, in initialize
    self.write_connection_file()
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelapp.py", line 227, in write_connection_file
    iopub_port=self.iopub_port, control_port=self.control_port)
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\connect.py", line 141, in write_connection_file
    with secure_write(fname) as f:
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\contextlib.py", line 112, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\jupyter_core\paths.py", line 430, in secure_write
    win32_restrict_file_to_user(fname)
  File "D:\InstallSoftware\Anaconda\envs\caffe-fzp\lib\site-packages\jupyter_core\paths.py", line 361, in win32_restrict_file_to_user
    import win32api
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的程序。

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/somedayLi/p/12320878.html