今天是放完假后工作的第一天,为了证明我不是一段幽灵代码,我给各位看客老爷们说句:祝大家节日过得愉快(过得不愉快那也是人之常情)。
我们继续来讲一讲ListView的开发,上次讲到了ListView的适配器和布局模式,今天要讲的就是简单却也适用的点击事件处理了。之前我们的界面一进去就是跟机器人对话,面向的对象始终只有机器人一个,这次我们来仿照QQ的消息界面那样有一个对象列表,点击其中一个就能进入相应的聊天界面。话不多说,先上代码:
新增一个布局文件activity_chatlist.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_chatList_icon" android:layout_width="40dp" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_chatList_account" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="@dimen/mid_text_size"/> </LinearLayout>
新增两个java文件ChatActivity.java
package com.teachmodel.fragment; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ListView; import com.teachmodel.R; import com.teachmodel.adapter.ChatAdapter; import com.teachmodel.bean.Chat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.List; /** * Created by windbreaker on 16/4/5. */ public class ChatActivity extends Activity { private ListView mListView; private List<Chat> mList; private ChatAdapter mChatAdapter; private Hashtable<String, String> ansChats; private EditText et_chat; private Button btn_chat; private String chatName; private int chatIcon; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.fragment_first); init(); } private void init() { Intent intent = getIntent(); chatName = intent.getStringExtra("account"); chatIcon = intent.getIntExtra("icon", 0); et_chat = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et); btn_chat = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn); mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_chat_list); mList = new ArrayList<>(); ansChats = new Hashtable<>(); ansChats.put("Hi", "Hello"); ansChats.put("What is your name?", "My name is DuBe."); ansChats.put("What?DouBi?", "Yeah...."); ansChats.put("Ha...,How interesting", "Thank you."); mChatAdapter = new ChatAdapter(mList, this); mListView.setAdapter(mChatAdapter); btn_chat.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Chat mChat = new Chat(); mChat.setName("白马秋风"); mChat.setIcon(R.mipmap.my); mChat.setMessage(et_chat.getText().toString()); mChatAdapter.addItem(mChat); getAns(et_chat.getText().toString()); et_chat.setText(""); } }); } private void getAns(String question) { Chat mChat = new Chat(); mChat.setName(chatName); mChat.setIcon(chatIcon); if (ansChats.get(question) != null) { mChat.setMessage(ansChats.get(question)); } else { mChat.setMessage("I dont know what you ask?"); } mChatAdapter.addItem(mChat); mListView.setSelection(mListView.getBottom()); } }
ChatListAdapter.java
package com.teachmodel.adapter; import android.content.Context; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import com.teachmodel.R; import com.teachmodel.bean.Chat; import java.util.List; /** * Created by windbreaker on 16/4/5. */ public class ChatListAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private List<Chat> chatList; private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater; public ChatListAdapter(List<Chat> chatList, Context context) { this.chatList = chatList; this.mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); } @Override public int getCount() { return chatList.size(); } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return chatList.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder mViewHolder; if (convertView == null) { convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_chatlist, null); mViewHolder = new ViewHolder(); mViewHolder.iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_chatList_icon); mViewHolder.tv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_chatList_account); convertView.setTag(mViewHolder); } else { mViewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(); } mViewHolder.tv.setText(chatList.get(position).getName()); mViewHolder.iv.setImageResource(chatList.get(position).getIcon()); return convertView; } class ViewHolder { ImageView iv; TextView tv; } }
再改一下FirstFragment.java
package com.teachmodel.fragment; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ListView; import com.teachmodel.R; import com.teachmodel.adapter.ChatListAdapter; import com.teachmodel.bean.Chat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * Created by windbreaker on 16/3/23. */ public class FirstFragment extends Fragment { private View v; private ListView lv; private List<Chat> mList; private int[] iconLab = {R.mipmap.ic_launcher, R.mipmap.usericon, R.mipmap.my}; private String[] nameLab = {"机器人", "管理员", "夜的风衣"}; @Nullable @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_chatlist, null); init(); initData(); return v; } private void init() { lv = (ListView) v.findViewById(R.id.lv_chatList); lv.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), ChatActivity.class); intent.putExtra("account", mList.get(position).getName()); intent.putExtra("icon", mList.get(position).getIcon()); startActivity(intent); } }); } private void initData() { mList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { Chat mChat = new Chat(); mChat.setName(nameLab[i]); mChat.setIcon(iconLab[i]); mList.add(mChat); } ChatListAdapter mChatListAdapter = new ChatListAdapter(mList, getActivity()); lv.setAdapter(mChatListAdapter); } }
记得在AndroidManifest.xml注册新的activity组件:<activity android:name=".fragment.ChatActivity"/>
至此咋们运行一下,看看效果如何,请看大屏幕:
嗯哼,这略略一看,效果还不错。咋们来分析分析一下代码吧,首先是补充说一下上次没有说的适配器里的getView()这个方法。
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder mViewHolder;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_chatlist, null);
mViewHolder = new ViewHolder();
mViewHolder.iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_chatList_icon);
mViewHolder.tv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_chatList_account);
convertView.setTag(mViewHolder);
} else {
mViewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
mViewHolder.tv.setText(chatList.get(position).getName());
mViewHolder.iv.setImageResource(chatList.get(position).getIcon());
return convertView;
}
第一行代码我们就看到了这个ViewHolder内部类,这个类是用来干什么的呢?这个其实是对布局文件item_chatlist里的控件的一个抽象,这个类里有有一个ImageView和TextView 刚好对应于布局文件里的两个控件。接下来的代码则是检查是否已经存在View对象了,如果没有则重新实例化,有的话就直接使用了。这样说起来可能比较抽象。咋们打个比方:把程序比较教官,把要实例化的对象看成是一排要报名的队员。现在教官知道一共有多少人,但是不知道有多少人已经发了身份卡(ViewHolder)。所以他开始点名,也就是这个过程:
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_chatlist, null);
mViewHolder = new ViewHolder();
mViewHolder.iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_chatList_icon);
mViewHolder.tv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_chatList_account);
convertView.setTag(mViewHolder);
} else {
mViewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
先判断你有没有身份卡,没有的话我发给你一张
mViewHolder = new ViewHolder();
mViewHolder.iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_chatList_icon);
mViewHolder.tv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_chatList_account);
这个身份卡就是我以后找你你的标志了convertView.setTag(mViewHolder);
你拿了之后,把姓名和头像给写上
mViewHolder.tv.setText(chatList.get(position).getName());
mViewHolder.iv.setImageResource(chatList.get(position).getIcon());
如果你有的话,教官根据标签要求你拿出你相应的身份卡我看看
mViewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
然后再给你核对一下你的身份卡信息
mViewHolder.tv.setText(chatList.get(position).getName());
mViewHolder.iv.setImageResource(chatList.get(position).getIcon());
直到把所有的队友的检查完一遍没问题就OK了。
讲完适配器的工作原理,咋们再来讲讲ListView如何响应点击事件。
listView的点击事件是很简单的,只需要在实例化后(lv = (ListView) v.findViewById(R.id.lv_chatList);)使用这个方法
lv.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
//你的执行代码
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), ChatActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("account", mList.get(position).getName());
intent.putExtra("icon", mList.get(position).getIcon());
startActivity(intent);
}
});
就可以处理点击事件了。这里的position就是你点击的列表的第几项。
就这样,ListView的讲解就先到这里。我们接下来讲讲数据仓库的设计模式。
再讲这个概念之前,我们先来讲讲我们的程序,如你所见的,我们程序里的所有数据都是在activity里生成的,也就是说activity不仅仅要定义变量,管理变量,获取控件,处理控件的监听事件还要生成并且处理数据,管理跳转逻辑,管理自身的生命周期等等。如果让一个人来处理这些事情,我想那个人即使不会跳楼,也会不胜其烦。同样,这样对于activity来说也是不好的,因为他管理的东西太多太杂了。那咋办呢?难道也要上天吗?与太阳肩并肩?对于这个问题,我们只要做一下职能分离就好,就是把数据生成和数据处理的功能单独出来,activity只负责获取数据集合就OK了,这就是所谓的数据仓库设计了。不瞎逼逼,咋们来看看具体实现。
新增一个java文件:ChatLab.java
package com.teachmodel.bean; import com.teachmodel.R; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.List; /** * Created by windbreaker on 16/4/5. */ public class ChatLab { private static ChatLab mChatLab; private static List<Chat> mList; private Hashtable<String, String> ansChats; private int[] iconLab = {R.mipmap.ic_launcher, R.mipmap.usericon, R.mipmap.my}; private String[] nameLab = {"机器人", "管理员", "夜的风衣"}; private ChatLab() { mList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { Chat mChat = new Chat(); mChat.setName(nameLab[i]); mChat.setIcon(iconLab[i]); mList.add(mChat); } ansChats = new Hashtable<>(); ansChats.put("Hi", "Hello"); ansChats.put("What is your name?", "My name is DuBe."); ansChats.put("What?DouBi?", "Yeah...."); ansChats.put("Ha...,How interesting", "Thank you."); } public static ChatLab getInstance() { if (mChatLab == null) { mChatLab = new ChatLab(); } return mChatLab; } public List<Chat> getList() { return mList; } public Hashtable<String, String> getAns() { return ansChats; } }
然后修改一下FirstFragment.java和ChatActivity.java
package com.teachmodel.fragment; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ListView; import com.teachmodel.R; import com.teachmodel.adapter.ChatAdapter; import com.teachmodel.bean.Chat; import com.teachmodel.bean.ChatLab; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.List; /** * Created by windbreaker on 16/4/5. */ public class ChatActivity extends Activity { private ListView mListView; private List<Chat> mList; private ChatAdapter mChatAdapter; private EditText et_chat; private Button btn_chat; private String chatName; private int chatIcon; private Hashtable<String, String> ansChats; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.fragment_first); init(); initData(); } private void init() { et_chat = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et); btn_chat = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn); mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_chat_list); } private void initData() { Intent intent = getIntent(); chatName = intent.getStringExtra("account"); chatIcon = intent.getIntExtra("icon", 0); ansChats = ChatLab.getInstance().getAns(); mList = new ArrayList<>(); mChatAdapter = new ChatAdapter(mList, this); mListView.setAdapter(mChatAdapter); btn_chat.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Chat mChat = new Chat(); mChat.setName("白马秋风"); mChat.setIcon(R.mipmap.my); mChat.setMessage(et_chat.getText().toString()); mChatAdapter.addItem(mChat); getAns(et_chat.getText().toString()); et_chat.setText(""); } }); } private void getAns(String question) { Chat mChat = new Chat(); mChat.setName(chatName); mChat.setIcon(chatIcon); if (ansChats.get(question) != null) { mChat.setMessage(ansChats.get(question)); } else { mChat.setMessage("I dont know what you ask?"); } mChatAdapter.addItem(mChat); mListView.setSelection(mListView.getBottom()); } }
package com.teachmodel.fragment; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ListView; import com.teachmodel.R; import com.teachmodel.adapter.ChatListAdapter; import com.teachmodel.bean.Chat; import com.teachmodel.bean.ChatLab; import java.util.List; /** * Created by windbreaker on 16/3/23. */ public class FirstFragment extends Fragment { private View v; private ListView lv; private List<Chat> mList; @Nullable @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_chatlist, null); init(); initData(); return v; } private void init() { lv = (ListView) v.findViewById(R.id.lv_chatList); lv.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), ChatActivity.class); intent.putExtra("account", mList.get(position).getName()); intent.putExtra("icon", mList.get(position).getIcon()); startActivity(intent); } }); } private void initData() { mList = ChatLab.getInstance().getList(); ChatListAdapter mChatListAdapter = new ChatListAdapter(mList, getActivity()); lv.setAdapter(mChatListAdapter); } }
运行一下即可得出上图的结果。然后有的人也许会问这种设计模式有什么用?难道能提高程序的运行效率?这个也许没有提高程序的运行效率,反而还有可能略略影响了你的程序运行效率。说到这里,你也许会说我是个坑比。对此,我只能说,为什么会有这种设计模式呢?其实程序的所有设计模式都是以方便管理和编程为目的的,对于运行效率的提高主要是与你编程的算法有关。对于之前的无模式编程,如果你只有几行代码,其实有没有设计模式都无所谓了。但是你有几千甚至上万行代码的话,设计模式的就显得尤其重要。以数据仓库为例,如果你的程序有很多地方都要用到相同的数据,每个地方都要生成并且初始化数据,那不如把数据和调用数据的方法集中在一起,要用的数据的地方直接调用数据仓库里的数据就行了,自己也不用去管理数据了。这样是十分有利于整理思路和修改代码的。
今天就说到这里了,感谢各位看客老爷们的围观。
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