Java的证书：HTTPS与SSL

在取得connection的时候和正常浏览器访问一样，仍然会验证服务端的证书是否被信任（权威机构发行或者被权威机构签名）；如果服务端证书不被信任，则默认的实现就会有问题，一般来说，java在访问ssl的链接时经常会报错误：

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:174)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1591)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:187)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:181)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:975)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:123)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:516)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:454)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:884)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1096)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1123)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1107)
at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsClient.afterConnect(HttpsClient.java:405)
at sun.net.www.protocol.https.AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.connect(AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.java:166)
at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.connect(HttpsURLConnectionImpl.java:133)
at com.wenhq.http.TestSSL.testAig(TestSSL.java:21)
at com.wenhq.http.TestSSL.main(TestSSL.java:13)
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:285)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:191)
at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:218)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:126)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:209)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:249)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:954)
… 12 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:174)
at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:238)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:280)

原因就是缺少信任的安全证书时出现的异常。

客户端在进行SSL连接时，JSSE将根据这个文件中的证书决定是否信任服务器端的证书。在SunJSSE中，有一个信任管理器类负责决定是否信任远端的证书，这个类有如下的处理规则：
1)若系统属性javax.net.sll.trustStore指定了TrustStore文件，那么信任管理器就去jre安装路径下的lib/security/目录中寻找并使用这个文件来检查证书。
2)若该系统属性没有指定TrustStore文件，它就会去jre安装路径下寻找默认的TrustStore文件，这个文件的相对路径为：lib/security/jssecacerts。
3)若jssecacerts不存在，但是cacerts存在（它随J2SDK一起发行，含有数量有限的可信任的基本证书），那么这个默认的TrustStore文件就是lib/security/cacerts。

可以通过下面的方法给java增加信任证书：
1、从chrome浏览器中导出证书的cer格式文件；