python接口自动化测试(三)-requests.post()

上一节介绍了  requests.get()  方法的基本使用，本节介绍  requests.post()  方法的使用：

本文目录：

一、方法定义

二、post方法简单使用

　　1、带数据的post

　　2、带header的post

　　3、带json的post

　　4、带参数的post

　　5、普通文件上传

　　6、定制化文件上传

　　7、多文件上传

一、方法定义：

1、到官方文档去了下requests.post()方法的定义，如下:

2、源码：

3、常用返回信息：

二、post方法简单使用：

1、带数据的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"
url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])
data = {‘key1‘:‘value1‘,‘key2‘:‘value2‘}

r = requests.post(url,data=data)
#response = r.json()
print (r.text)

输出：

{
  "args": {},
  "data": "",
  "files": {},
  "form": {
    "key1": "value1",
    "key2": "value2"
  },
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Content-Length": "23",
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  },
  "json": null,
  "origin": "183.14.133.88",
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

2、带header的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json
host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])
headers = {"User-Agent":"test request headers"}

# r = requests.post(url)
r = requests.post(url,headers=headers)
#response = r.json()

输出：

{
  "args": {},
  "data": "",
  "files": {},
  "form": {},
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Content-Length": "0",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "test request headers"
  },
  "json": null,
  "origin": "183.14.133.88",
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

3、带json的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"
url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])
data = {
    "sites": [
                { "name":"test" , "url":"www.test.com" },
                { "name":"google" , "url":"www.google.com" },
                { "name":"weibo" , "url":"www.weibo.com" }
    ]
}

r = requests.post(url,json=data)
# r = requests.post(url,data=json.dumps(data))
response = r.json()

输出：

{
  "args": {},
  "data": "{\"sites\": [{\"url\": \"www.test.com\", \"name\": \"test\"}, {\"url\": \"www.google.com\", \"name\": \"google\"}, {\"url\": \"www.weibo.com\", \"name\": \"weibo\"}]}",
  "files": {},
  "form": {},
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Content-Length": "140",
    "Content-Type": "application/json",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  },
  "json": {
    "sites": [
      {
        "name": "test",
        "url": "www.test.com"
      },
      {
        "name": "google",
        "url": "www.google.com"
      },
      {
        "name": "weibo",
        "url": "www.weibo.com"
      }
    ]
  },
  "origin": "183.14.133.88",
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

4、带参数的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])
params = {‘key1‘:‘params1‘,‘key2‘:‘params2‘}

# r = requests.post(url)
r = requests.post(url,params=params)
#response = r.json()
print (r.text)

输出：

{
  "args": {
    "key1": "params1",
    "key2": "params2"
  },
  "data": "",
  "files": {},
  "form": {},
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Content-Length": "0",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  },
  "json": null,
  "origin": "183.14.133.88",
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post?key2=params2&key1=params1"
}

5、普通文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"
url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])
#普通上传
files = {
            ‘file‘:open(‘test.txt‘,‘rb‘)
        }

r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)

输出：

{
  "args": {},
  "data": "",
  "files": {
    "file": "hello world!\n"
  },
  "form": {},
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Content-Length": "157",
    "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=392865f79bf6431f8a53c9d56c62571e",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  },
  "json": null,
  "origin": "183.14.133.88",
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

6、定制化文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])
#自定义文件名，文件类型、请求头
files = {
        ‘file‘:(‘test.png‘,open(‘test.png‘,‘rb‘),‘image/png‘)
}

r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)heman793

输出比较在，就不帖了。

7、多文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])
#多文件上传
files = [
    (‘file1‘,(‘test.txt‘,open(‘test.txt‘, ‘rb‘))),
    (‘file2‘, (‘test.png‘, open(‘test.png‘, ‘rb‘)))
    ]

r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)

输出上，太多内容，不帖了。

8、流式上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ‘‘.join([host,endpoint])

#流式上传
with open( ‘test.txt‘ ) as f:
    r = requests.post(url,data = f)

print (r.text)

输出：

{
  "args": {},
  "data": "hello world!\n",
  "files": {},
  "form": {},
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Content-Length": "13",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  },
  "json": null,
  "origin": "183.14.133.88",
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}