第一篇：安装和配置MySQL
第一步：安装MySQL
[[email protected] local]# yum -y install mysql-server ← 安装MySQL
[[email protected] local]# yum -y install php-mysql ← 安装php-mysql
第二步：配置MySQL
[[email protected] local] #vim /etc/my.cnf ← 编辑MySQL的配置文件
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
old_passwords=1 ← 找到这一行，在这一行的下面添加新的规则，让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
default-character-set = utf8 ← 添加这一行
然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句：
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
第二篇：启动MySQL和初始环境设定
第一步:启动MySQL服务
[[email protected] local]#chkconfig mysqld on ← 设置MySQL服务随系统启动自启动
[[email protected] local]#chkconfig --list mysqld ← 确认MySQL自启动
mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
← 如果2--5为启用(或on)的状态就OK
[[email protected] local]#/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start ← 启动MySQL服务
初始化 MySQL 数据库： Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h 192.168.0.1 password ‘new-password‘
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses athttp://shop.mysql.com
[确定]
启动 mysqld： [确定]
第二步：MySQL初始环境设定
[1] 为MySQL的root用户设置密码
MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候，它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。
[[email protected] local]#mysql -u root ← 在没设置密码之时，用root用户登录MySQL服务器
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-------------+----------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-------------+----------+
| root | localhost | |
| root | 192.168.0.1 | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | 192.168.0.1 | |
+------+-------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> set password [email protected]=password (‘在这里填入root密码‘); ← 设置root密码
譬如，在我的系统中，我是如下设置：
mysql> set password for [email protected]=password (‘wangyun‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set password for [email protected]=password (‘wangyun‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set password for [email protected]=password (‘wangyun‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+-------------+------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-------------+------------------+
| root | localhost | 5f2dfe4b07af795b |
| root | 192.168.0.1 | 5f2dfe4b07af795b |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | 5f2dfe4b07af795b |
| | localhost | |
| | 192.168.0.1 | |
+------+-------------+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
[2] 测试设置的root密码是否生效
[[email protected] local]# mysql -u root ← 通过空密码用root登录
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)
← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
[[email protected] local]# mysql -u root-p ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
... ...
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
[[email protected] local]#mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.← 确认用密码能够成功登录
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
......
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
[3] 删除匿名用户
在MySQL刚刚被安装后，存在用户名、密码为空的用户。这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。为消除隐患，将匿名用户删除。
[[email protected] local]# mysql -u root -p; ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-------------+
| user | host |
+------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| | 192.168.0.1 |
| root | 192.168.0.1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------+-------------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=‘‘; ← 删除匿名用户
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+-------------+
| user | host |
+------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | 192.168.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges; ← 刷新，使以上操作生效
mysql> exit; ←退出MySQL服务器
Bye
第三篇：测试
经过第一篇和第二篇这二部分的设置，MySQL就可以正常试用。
好了，第三篇的内容都不是必须的了！
我们来测试MySQL，让我们学习或复习常用的SQL语句。
[[email protected] local]#mysql -u centospub-p; ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to [email protected] identified by ‘在这里定义密码‘;
← 建立对test数据库有完全操作,权限的名为centospub的用户
譬如，在我的系统中，设置如下：
mysql>grant all privileges on test.* to [email protected] identified by‘wangyun‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select user from mysql.user where user=‘centospub‘;← 确认centospub用户的存在与否
|+----------+
| user |
+-----------+
| centospub |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
[[email protected] local]# mysql -u centospub -p; ← 用新建立的centospub用户登录MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
mysql>create database test; ← 建立名为test的数据库
mysql> show databases; ← 查看系统已存在的数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use test ← 连接到数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table test
-> (
-> num int , ← 在数据库中建立表
-> name varchar(50)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> show tables; ← 查看数据库中已存在的表
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| test |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(1,‘Hello World!‘); ← 插入一个值到表中
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的表的信息
+------+-------------------+
| num | name |
+------+-------------------+
| 1 | Hello World! |
+------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update test set name=‘Hello Everyone!‘; ← 更新表的信息，赋予新的值
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select *from test; ← 查看数据库中的表的信息
+------+-----------------+
| num | name |
+------+-----------------+ ← 确认被更新到新的值
| 1 | Hello Everyone! |
+------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from test where num=1; ← 删除表内的值
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from test; ← 确认删除结果
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> drop table test; ← 删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; ← 查看表信息
Empty set (0.00 sec) ← 确认表已被删除
mysql> drop database test; ← 删除名为test的数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases; ← 查看已存在的数据库
Empty set (0.01 sec)
← 确认test数据库已被删除（这里非root用户的关系，看不到名为mysql的数据库）
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
然后，删除测试用过的遗留用户
[[email protected] local]# mysql -u root -p;
Enter password:
mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from [email protected];
← 取消centospub用户对数据库的操作权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=‘centospub‘and host=‘localhost‘;
← 删除centospub用户
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> select user from mysql.user where user=‘centospub‘;
← 查找用户centospub，确认已删除与否
Empty set (0.01 sec) ← 确认centospub用户已不存在
mysql> flush privileges; ← 刷新，使以上操作生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
[[email protected] local]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart ← 重新启动HTTP服务
← 注意：语句后面无需;分号
停止 httpd： [确定]
启动 httpd： [确定]
第四篇：日志位置和网络服务器
一、日志位置
mysql 默认的日志位置，mysql日志文件默认存放位置 /var/log/mysqld.log
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/log
[[email protected] log]# pwd
/var/log
[[email protected] log]# ls
acpid boot.log.2 conman.old dmesg maillog messages.2 ppp samba setroubleshoot tallylog
anaconda.log boot.log.3 cron faillog maillog.1 messages.3 prelink scrollkeeper.log spooler vbox
anaconda.syslog boot.log.4 cron.1 gdm maillog.2 messages.4 rpmpkgs secure spooler.1 wtmp
anaconda.xlog brcm-iscsi.log cron.2 httpd maillog.3 mysqld.log rpmpkgs.1 secure.1 spooler.2 xen
audit btmp cron.3 lastlog maillog.4 news rpmpkgs.2 secure.2 spooler.3 Xorg.0.log
boot.log clumond.log cron.4 libvirt messages piranha rpmpkgs.3 secure.3 spooler.4 Xorg.0.log.old
boot.log.1 conman cups mail messages.1 pm rpmpkgs.4 secure.4 squid yum.log
二、数据库服务器
mysql是支持网络的数据库服务器，经常需要通过互联网去访问，mysql默认使用tcp协议，端口是3306
[[email protected] log]# cat mysqld.log
130503 11:25:03 mysqld started
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
130503 11:25:07 InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
130503 11:25:09 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
130503 11:25:09 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
130503 11:25:12 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 0
130503 11:25:12 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: ‘5.0.95‘ socket: ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ port: 3306 Source distribution
[[email protected] log]# netstat -tupln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3569/hpiod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5989 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3905/cimserver
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4783/ricci
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3549/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2854/portmap
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13747/httpd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:16851 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4669/modclusterd
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3888/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3590/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3602/cupsd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:952 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2890/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3643/sendmail: acce
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13747/httpd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3574/python
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:946 0.0.0.0:* 2890/rpc.statd
udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 3888/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:949 0.0.0.0:* 2890/rpc.statd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 3888/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 4516/dhclient
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 3846/avahi-daemon:
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 2854/portmap
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 3602/cupsd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:34943 0.0.0.0:* 3846/avahi-daemon: