Given two strings s and t, determine if they are isomorphic.
Two strings are isomorphic if the characters in s can be replaced to get t.
All occurrences of a character must be replaced with another character while preserving the order of characters. No two characters may map to the same character but a character may map to itself.
For example,
Given "egg"
, "add"
, return true.
Given "foo"
, "bar"
, return false.
Given "paper"
, "title"
, return true.
Note:
You may assume both s and t have the same length.
解法:同构字符串,就是说原字符串中的每个字符可由另外一个字符替代,可以被其本身替代,相同的字符一定要被同一个字符替代,且一个字符不能被多个字符替代,即不能出现一对多的映射。需要考虑两种情况:t中的相同字符映射到s中后是不同的字符("aa"-->"ab");t中的不同字符映射到s中后是相同的字符("ab"-->"aa")。因此设置两个Map,一个为t在s中的映射,另一个是s在t中的映射。后者是为了检查上面所说第二种情况。
class Solution { public: bool isIsomorphic(string s, string t) { int n = s.size(); vector<int> vt(256, -1); //t中字符在s中的映射 vector<int> vs(256, -1); //s中字符在t中的映射 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if(vt[t[i]] == -1) //t中当前字符还未映射过 { if(vs[s[i]] == -1) //s中当前字符还未被映射过 { vt[t[i]] = s[i]; vs[s[i]] = t[i]; } else if(vs[s[i]] != t[i]) return false; //two characters map to the same character } else if(s[i] != vt[t[i]]) return false; //a character map to two characters } return true; } };
一种更简便的办法是:如果找到一对新的映射(s和t中的对应字符还没出现过),则将两个映射表的相应位置设为同一值,否则判断两个映射表的值是否相同即可。
class Solution { public: bool isIsomorphic(string s, string t) { int n = s.size(); vector<int> vt(256, -1); //t中字符在s中的映射 vector<int> vs(256, -1); //s中字符在t中的映射 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { //t的当前字符已经在s中映射过或者s的当前字符已经在t中映射过,并且当前的映射和之前的映射不一致 if(vt[t[i]] != vs[s[i]]) return false; //找到一对全新的映射 vt[t[i]] = i; vs[s[i]] = i; } return true; } };