Sqooop- 使用Sqoop进行数据的导入导出

Sqoop是Apache旗下的一个开源框架，专门用来做数据的导入和导出。

官网:https://sqoop.apache.org/

Sqoop的安装非常简单，只需要把下载下来的tar包解压设置两个环境变量就可以了

1.安装部署

　　下载版本：sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha.tar.gz

　　官网：http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/sqoop/1.4.6/

1.1把tar包解压到/usr/sqoop

tar -xvzf   sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha.tar.gz  /usr/    //解压到指定路径

mv sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha.tar.gz     sqoop      //重命名，可选可不选

1.2设置环境变量

　　把Sqoop添加到PATH文件， vim /etc/profile ,设置

export SQOOP_HOME=/usr/sqoop
export PATH=$PATH:$SQOOP_HOME/bin

　　因为Sqoop需要用到hadoop下面的jar包进行操作，所以需要设置HADOOP_COMMON_HOME 来指明hadoop安装在那个目录下。

[[email protected] ~]# export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/usr/hadoop    //指明hadoop安装路径

[[email protected] ~]# export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/usr/hadoop　　//因为hadoop最终把它的作业转换成mapreduce进行提交执行，实际上和hadoop home目录相同

　　也可以用另一种方式，配置sqoop/conf目录下的sqoop-env.sh

vim   sqoop-env.sh

把jdbc驱动包放到sqoop的lib目录下,如果里面有就不需要加（里面有个MySQL驱动包）。

1.3验证安装完成

输入  sqoop help  ，如下面所示，表示安装正常,另，没有设置PATH变量的需要到sqoop/bin执行  ./sqoop help

[[email protected] ~]# sqoop help
Warning: /usr/sqoop/../hcatalog does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail.
Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.
Warning: /usr/sqoop/../accumulo does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail.
Please set $ACCUMULO_HOME to the root of your Accumulo installation.
17/08/12 03:49:43 INFO sqoop.Sqoop: Running Sqoop version: 1.4.6
usage: sqoop COMMAND [ARGS]

Available commands:
  codegen            Generate code to interact with database records
  create-hive-table  Import a table definition into Hive
  eval               Evaluate a SQL statement and display the results
  export             Export an HDFS directory to a database table
  help               List available commands
  import             Import a table from a database to HDFS
  import-all-tables  Import tables from a database to HDFS
  import-mainframe   Import datasets from a mainframe server to HDFS
  job                Work with saved jobs
  list-databases     List available databases on a server
  list-tables        List available tables in a database
  merge              Merge results of incremental imports
  metastore          Run a standalone Sqoop metastore
  version            Display version information

See ‘sqoop help COMMAND‘ for information on a specific command.

2.使用Sqoop进行数据迁移

下面通过6个例子展示使用Sqoop进行数据迁移

2.1使用Sqoop导入MySQL数据到HDFS

[[email protected] ~]# sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test --username root --password root --table user --columns ‘uid,uname‘ -m 1 -target-dir ‘/sqoop/user‘; //-m 指定map进程数，-target-dir指定存放目录

2.2