Linux局域网文件分享系统Samba

上学的时候在学校机房见过FTP做的文件分享系统，服务器是Windows的，当时感觉功能真的很强大，不管是哪台机器都可以共享一个文件夹，后来自己在家里通过查阅各种资料，用自己的win7做FTP服务器，做了一个文件服务器，但是真的很鸡肋，操作体验真的不尽人意。

下面介绍的是Linux服务器平台安装的文件分享系统软件Samba,通过Samba部署的文件分享系统可以兼容Mac、Linux和Windows三大主流操作系统，而且操作体验也非常好，自己在家里做了一个小型分享系统，家用服务器的配置：CPU:凌动 D2500，2G内存，32G SSD的一个小型服务器，4m带宽,速度秒杀FTP，文件上传和下载都在11M/s左右。

下面简单介绍一下CentOS下yum安装过程，如果是在公司内部用，一般会编译安装samba,然后会做一些细节的权限验证，我做家用，能用就可以了，如果你想做更细节的权限分配，去度娘，参考资料好几mol。

安装：

[[email protected] ~]# yum install samba samba-client samba-swat

设置smb和nmb在3、5启动级别随系统启动：

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --level 35 smb on

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --level 35 nmb on

配置Samba：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

进行如下修改：

#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]

config file = /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.%m

# ----------------------- Network Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: MIDEARTH
#
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
#
# netbios name can be used to specify a server name not tied to the hostname
#
# Interfaces lets you configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you can list the ones
# you want to listen on (never omit localhost)
#
# Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrict who can connect, and you can
# specifiy it as a per share option as well
#
        workgroup = MYGROUP
        server string = Samba Server Version %v

;       netbios name = MYSERVER

        interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.1.11/24 192.168.1.1/255

        hosts allow = 127. 192.168.1. 192.168.0.

# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# Log File let you specify where to put logs and how to split them up.
#
# Max Log Size let you specify the max size log files should reach

        # logs split per machine
        log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
        # max 50KB per log file, then rotate
        max log size = 50

# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# Scurity can be set to user, share(deprecated) or server(deprecated)
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.

        security=share
        #security = user
        #passdb backend = tdbsam

# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to domain or ads
#
# Use the realm option only with security = ads
# Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Use password server option only with security = server or if you can't
# use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers
# The argument list may include:
#   password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
#   password server = *

;       security = domain
;       passdb backend = tdbsam
;       realm = MY_REALM

;       password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to user for domain controllers
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
#
# Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logon server for Windows workstations.
#
# Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script to be run at login time on the client
# You need to provide it in a share called NETLOGON
#
# Logon Path let you specify where user profiles are stored (UNC path)
#
# Various scripts can be used on a domain controller or stand-alone
# machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts
#
;       security = user
;       passdb backend = tdbsam

;       domain master = yes
;       domain logons = yes

        # the login script name depends on the machine name
;       logon script = %m.bat
        # the login script name depends on the unix user used
;       logon script = %u.bat
;       logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u
        # disables profiles support by specifing an empty path
;       logon path =          

;       add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
;       add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
;       delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
;       delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
;       delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"

# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
#
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
#
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
;       local master = no
;       os level = 33
;       preferred master = yes

#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
#
# - WINS Support: Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
#
# - WINS Server: Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
#
# - WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
#   behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
#   at least one        WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
#
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups.

;       wins support = yes
;       wins server = w.x.y.z
;       wins proxy = yes

;       dns proxy = yes

# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
#
# Load Printers let you load automatically the list of printers rather
# than setting them up individually
#
# Cups Options let you pass the cups libs custom options, setting it to raw
# for example will let you use drivers on your Windows clients
#
# Printcap Name let you specify an alternative printcap file
#
# You can choose a non default printing system using the Printing option

        load printers = yes
        cups options = raw

;       printcap name = /etc/printcap
        #obtain list of printers automatically on SystemV
;       printcap name = lpstat
;       printing = cups

# --------------------------- Filesystem Options ---------------------------
#
# The following options can be uncommented if the filesystem supports
# Extended Attributes and they are enabled (usually by the mount option
# user_xattr). Thess options will let the admin store the DOS attributes
# in an EA and make samba not mess with the permission bits.
#
# Note: these options can also be set just per share, setting them in global
# makes them the default for all shares

;       map archive = no
;       map hidden = no
;       map read only = no
;       map system = no
;       store dos attributes = yes

#============================ Share Definitions ==============================

[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        browseable = no
        writable = yes
;       valid users = %S
;       valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S

[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/spool/samba
        browseable = no
        guest ok = no
        writable = no
        printable = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
;       [netlogon]
;       comment = Network Logon Service
;       path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
;       guest ok = yes
;       writable = no
;       share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;       [Profiles]
;       path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
;       browseable = no
;       guest ok = yes

# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
        [public]
        comment = Public Stuff
        path = /share
        public = yes
        writable = yes
        printable = no
        write list = +staff

建立共享文件夹并分配nobody权限：

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /share

[[email protected] ~]# chown -R nobody:nobody /share

关闭防火墙：

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig iptables off

关闭selinux:

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

修改为：

#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled

重启：

[[email protected] ~]# init 6

重启完成后，就可以通过局域网内的电脑连接共享目录了，如Windows:

连接分享目录：Win键+R，然后键入\\IP地址\,如：\\192.168.1.18\,结果如下图：

这样你就可以操作共享目录了。如果你想不用每次都这样操作可以将其映射为网络地址，就可以很方便的操作了，和本地磁盘一样方便，如下图：

好了，Samba的配置就到这里了，希望可以帮助到你。