Android开发之图灵机器人

最近做了一个图灵机器人，现在把具体的代码以及一些需要注意的问题给写上来！

1.首先创建一个工具类HttpUtils，代码如下：

  1 package com.xiaochao.weatherinfo.utils;
  2
  3 import java.io.BufferedReader;
  4 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  5 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
  6 import java.io.IOException;
  7 import java.io.InputStream;
  8 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
  9 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 10 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
 11 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 12 import java.net.URL;
 13 import java.net.URLEncoder;
 14 import java.util.Date;
 15
 16 import com.google.gson.Gson;
 17 import com.xiaochao.weather.bean.Result;
 18 import com.xiaochao.weather.bean.TalkMessage;
 19 import com.xiaochao.weather.enums.Type;
 20
 21 /**
 22  * 工具类
 23  * @author Administrator
 24  *
 25  */
 26 public class HttpUtils {
 27
 28     private static final String URL = "http://www.tuling123.com/openapi/api";//图灵机器人URL
 29     private static final String API_KEY = "ff01daa6197a95bc37382985589e8da6";//key，需要自己从官网上申请
 30
 31     /**
 32      * 此方法用来服务端根据客户端发送的请求返回数据，返回的数据类型是一个TalkMessage类
 33      *
 34      * @param msg
 35      * @return
 36      */
 37     public static TalkMessage sendMessage(String msg) {
 38         TalkMessage message = new TalkMessage();
 39         String jsonResult = doGet(msg);// 返回一个gson字符串结果
 40         Gson gson = new Gson();
 41         Result result = null;
 42         try {
 43             result = gson.fromJson(jsonResult, Result.class);// 将jsonResult转换成Result对象
 44             if (result.getCode() == 100000) {注：这里是根据图灵机器人返回的code值来设置的，100000代表文本类，200000代表链接类，其他自己可以查看官方文档
 45                 message.setMsg(result.getText());
 46             }
 47             if (result.getCode() == 200000) {
 48                 // message.setUrl(result.getUrl());
 49                 String string = result.getUrl().toString();
 50                 message.setMsg(result.getText() + "\r\n" + string);
 51             }
 52
 53             if (result.getCode() == 305000) {
 54                 // message.setUrl(result.getUrl());
 55                 String string = result.getUrl().toString();
 56                 message.setMsg(result.getText() + "\r\n" + string);
 57             }
 58
 59             if (result.getCode() == 302000) {
 60                 message.setMsg("您想看新闻了吗？我反正我是想看了！");
 61             }
 62
 63             if (result.getCode() == 308000) {
 64                 message.setMsg("你要学做菜啊？好厉害！");
 65             }
 66         } catch (Exception e) {
 67             message.setMsg("哎呀，我受不了啦！");
 68         }
 69         message.setDate(new Date());
 70         message.setType(Type.RECEIVE);
 71
 72         return message;
 73     }
 74
 75     /**
 76      * @param msg
 77      * @return 返回result doGet方法
 78      */
 79     public static String doGet(String msg) {
 80         String resutl = "";
 81
 82         String url = setParams(msg);
 83         InputStream in = null;
 84         ByteArrayOutputStream byos = null;
 85         try {
 86             URL urlNet = new java.net.URL(url);
 87             HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) urlNet
 88                     .openConnection();
 89             conn.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000);
 90             conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
 91             conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
 92
 93             in = conn.getInputStream();
 94             int len = -1;
 95             byte[] buffer = new byte[128];
 96             byos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 97             while ((len = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
 98                 byos.write(buffer, 0, len);
 99             }
100             byos.flush();
101             resutl = new String(byos.toByteArray());
102         } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
103             e.printStackTrace();
104         } catch (IOException e) {
105             e.printStackTrace();
106         } finally {
107             if (in != null) {
108                 try {
109                     in.close();
110                 } catch (IOException e) {
111                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
112                     e.printStackTrace();
113                 }
114             }
115             if (byos != null) {
116                 try {
117                     byos.close();
118                 } catch (IOException e) {
119                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
120                     e.printStackTrace();
121                 }
122             }
123         }
124
125         return resutl;
126     }
127
128     private static String setParams(String msg) {
129         String url = null;
130         try {
131             url = URL + "?key=" + API_KEY + "&info="
132                     + URLEncoder.encode(msg, "utf-8");
133         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
134             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
135             e.printStackTrace();
136         }
137         return url;
138
139     }
140
141     /**
142      * doPost方法测试出问题，显示请求的内容为空
143      */
144
145     public static String doPost(String msg) {
146         String result = "";
147         URL url;
148         try {
149             url = new URL(URL);
150             HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url
151                     .openConnection();
152             urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
153             urlConn.setDoInput(true);
154             urlConn.setDoOutput(true);
155             urlConn.setUseCaches(false);
156             urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
157             urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
158                     "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
159             DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream());
160             String param = "?key="+ API_KEY+"&info="+URLEncoder.encode(msg, "utf-8");
161             out.writeBytes(param);
162             out.flush();
163             out.close();
164             if(urlConn.getResponseCode()==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
165                 InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream());
166                 BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in);
167                 String inputLine = null;
168                 while((inputLine=buffer.readLine())!=null){
169                     result+=inputLine;
170                 }
171                 in.close();
172             }
173             urlConn.disconnect();
174         } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
175             e.printStackTrace();
176         } catch (IOException e) {
177             e.printStackTrace();
178         }
179         return result;
180     }
181
182 }

2.在HttpUtils中为了将从服务器端的json数据转换成我们需要的类型，还需创建一个Result类，代码如下：

 1 package com.xiaochao.weather.bean;
 2
 3 import java.net.URL;
 4
 5 /**
 6  * 此对象用来将服务器端获取到的json数据转换为该对象类型
 7  * @author Administrator
 8  *
 9  */
10 public class Result {
11
12     private int code;
13     private String text;
14     private URL url;
15
16     public int getCode() {
17         return code;
18     }
19     public void setCode(int code) {
20         this.code = code;
21     }
22     public String getText() {
23         return text;
24     }
25     public void setText(String text) {
26         this.text = text;
27     }
28     public URL getUrl() {
29         return url;
30     }
31     public void setUrl(URL url) {
32         this.url = url;
33     }
34
35
36 }

3.创建一个实体类，用于显示聊天信息，代码如下：

package com.xiaochao.weather.bean;

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Date;

import com.xiaochao.weather.enums.Type;

/**
 * 实体类TalkMessage，对应显示在listview中的每一条数据
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class TalkMessage {

    private String name;
    private String msg;
    private Type type;
    private Date date;
    private URL url;

    public TalkMessage() {
    }

    public TalkMessage(String msg,Type type,Date date) {
        this.msg = msg;
        this.type = type;
        this.date = date;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }
    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
    public Type getType() {
        return type;
    }
    public void setType(Type type) {
        this.type = type;
    }
    public Date getDate() {
        return date;
    }
    public void setDate(Date date) {
        this.date = date;
    }

}

4.为了将聊天记录能够保存起来，我们还需要创建自己的数据库，先实现一个数据库帮助类，具体数据库从MainActivity中通过数据库帮组类实现，代码如下：

 1 package com.xiaochao.weatherinfo.utils;
 2
 3 import android.content.Context;
 4 import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
 5 import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
 6 import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
 7
 8 /**
 9  * 数据库帮助类，用来创建数据库库
10  * @author Administrator
11  *
12  */
13 public class DataBaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
14
15     public static final String TABLE_NAME = "message";
16     public static final String ID = "_id";
17     public static final String TEXTTIME = "texttime";
18     public static final String TEXTMSG = "textmsg";
19     public static final String TYPE = "type";
20     public static final String NAME = "name";
21
22     private static final String CREATE_TABLE = "create table "+TABLE_NAME+"("+
23             ID+" integer primary key autoincrement,"+TEXTTIME+" text not null," +
24                     NAME+" text not null,"+TEXTMSG+" text not null);";
25
26     public DataBaseHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory,
27             int version) {
28         super(context, name, factory, version);
29     }
30
31     @Override
32     public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
33         db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);
34     }
35
36
37     @Override
38     public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
39         db.execSQL("drop table if exists "+TABLE_NAME);
40         onCreate(db);
41     }
42 }

5.我们还需要给listview创建一个适配器MyAdapter，代码如下：

package com.xiaochao.weather.adapter;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.xiaochao.weather.bean.TalkMessage;
import com.xiaochao.weather.enums.Type;
import com.xiaochao.weatherinfo.R;

/**
 * 为listview配置的适配器
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private Context context;
    private List<TalkMessage> list;
    private SQLiteDatabase db;

    public MyAdapter(Context context, List<TalkMessage> list, SQLiteDatabase db) {
        this.context = context;
        this.list = list;
        this.db = db;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return list.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return list.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        TalkMessage message = list.get(position);
        if (message.getType() == Type.RECEIVE) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getViewTypeCount() {
        return 2;//返回的数据为Type的数量，有RECEIVE和SEND两种。
    }

    // String textmsg;
    // String textdate;
    /**
     * 返回给listview的数据
     */
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        ViewHolder viewHolder = null;
        TalkMessage message = list.get(position);//获取到当前listview对应的item

        if (convertView == null) {注：下面的左右布局即为与机器人聊天布局，如果是自己发送的则显示右边布局，如果是机器人回复的则显示左边布局
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            if (getItemViewType(position) == 0) {
                //如果Type的值为RECEIVE，则显示左边的布局
                convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(
                        R.layout.leftlayout, parent, false);
                viewHolder.texttime = (TextView) convertView
                        .findViewById(R.id.lefttime);
                viewHolder.textmsg = (TextView) convertView
                        .findViewById(R.id.lefttext);

                convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
            } else {
                //否则Type的值即为SEND，则显示右边的布局。
                convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(
                        R.layout.rightlayout, parent, false);
                viewHolder.texttime = (TextView) convertView
                        .findViewById(R.id.righttime);
                viewHolder.textmsg = (TextView) convertView
                        .findViewById(R.id.righttext);
                convertView.setTag(viewHolder);

            }

        } else {
            //如果不为空，则取出当前的viewHolder
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

        //为viewHolder中的view设置值
        viewHolder.textmsg.setText(message.getMsg());
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String date = format.format(message.getDate());
        viewHolder.texttime.setText(date);

        // SimpleDateFormat format1 = new
        // SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

        return convertView;//返回convertView作为listview的item
    }

    static final class ViewHolder {
        TextView texttime;
        TextView textmsg;
    }

}

6.最后我们在MainActivity中实现我们需要完成的功能效果，代码如下：

  1 package com.xiaochao.weatherinfo;
  2
  3 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  4 import java.util.ArrayList;
  5 import java.util.Date;
  6 import java.util.List;
  7
  8 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
  9 import android.app.Activity;
 10 import android.app.AlertDialog;
 11 import android.content.ClipboardManager;
 12 import android.content.ContentValues;
 13 import android.content.Context;
 14 import android.content.DialogInterface;
 15 import android.content.DialogInterface.OnClickListener;
 16 import android.database.Cursor;
 17 import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
 18 import android.net.ParseException;
 19 import android.os.AsyncTask;
 20 import android.os.Bundle;
 21 import android.text.TextUtils;
 22 import android.view.View;
 23 import android.view.Window;
 24 import android.widget.AdapterView;
 25 import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener;
 26 import android.widget.Button;
 27 import android.widget.EditText;
 28 import android.widget.ListView;
 29 import android.widget.Toast;
 30
 31 import com.xiaochao.weather.adapter.MyAdapter;
 32 import com.xiaochao.weather.bean.TalkMessage;
 33 import com.xiaochao.weather.enums.Type;
 34 import com.xiaochao.weatherinfo.utils.DataBaseHelper;
 35 import com.xiaochao.weatherinfo.utils.HttpUtils;
 36 public class MainActivity extends Activity {
 37
 38     private ListView listview;
 39     private Button button;
 40     private EditText edittext;
 41
 42     private MyAdapter adapter;
 43     // private TalkMessage message;
 44     private List<TalkMessage> list;
 45
 46     private SQLiteDatabase db;
 47     private DataBaseHelper helper = new DataBaseHelper(this, "database", null,
 48             1);
 49
 50     @Override
 51     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 52         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 53         requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
 54         setContentView(R.layout.mainlayout);
 55         initView();
 56         initDatas();
 57         initListener();
 58         initSQLData();
 59         // listview.smoothScrollToPosition(listview.getCount()-1);
 60         listview.setSelection(listview.getCount() - 1);
 61         initListViewListener();
 62     }
 63
 64     private void initListViewListener() {
 65         //长按监听事件点击
 66         listview.setOnItemLongClickListener(new OnItemLongClickListener() {
 67
 68             @Override
 69             public boolean onItemLongClick(final AdapterView<?> arg0,
 70                     final View view, final int position, long id) {
 71
 72                 AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(
 73                         MainActivity.this);
 74                 builder.setPositiveButton("复制", new OnClickListener() {
 75
 76                     @Override
 77                     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
 78                         ClipboardManager cpm = (ClipboardManager) getApplication()
 79                                 .getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
 80                         TalkMessage message = list.get(position);
 81                         cpm.setText(message.getMsg());
 82                         Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "文本已复制到粘贴板",
 83                                 Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 84                     }
 85                 });
 86
 87                 builder.setNegativeButton("删除聊天记录", new OnClickListener() {
 88
 89                     @Override
 90                     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
 91                         list.removeAll(list);
 92                         db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
 93                         db.delete(DataBaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, null);
 94                         adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
 95                     }
 96                 });
 97                 builder.show();
 98                 return false;
 99             }
100         });
101     }
102
103     private void initSQLData() {
104
105         //取出数据库中的数据
106         db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
107         Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from "
108                 + DataBaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null);
109         if (cursor != null) {
110             while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
111
112                 String textmsg = cursor.getString(cursor
113                         .getColumnIndex(DataBaseHelper.TEXTMSG));
114                 String texttime = cursor.getString(cursor
115                         .getColumnIndex(DataBaseHelper.TEXTTIME));
116                 String textname = cursor.getString(cursor
117                         .getColumnIndex(DataBaseHelper.NAME));
118                 TalkMessage talkMessage = new TalkMessage();
119
120                 if (textname.equals("me")) {
121                     SimpleDateFormat fDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
122                             "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
123                     Date date = null;
124                     try {
125                         try {
126                             date = fDateFormat.parse(texttime);
127                         } catch (Exception e) {
128                             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
129                             e.printStackTrace();
130                         }
131                     } catch (ParseException e) {
132                         e.printStackTrace();
133                     }
134                     //通过判断textname的值来设置TalkMessage的类型，然后添加到list中
135                     talkMessage.setDate(date);
136                     talkMessage.setMsg(textmsg);
137                     talkMessage.setType(Type.SEND);
138                     list.add(talkMessage);
139                 }
140                 if (textname.equals("Android")) {
141                     SimpleDateFormat fDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
142                             "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
143                     Date date = null;
144                     try {
145                         try {
146                             date = fDateFormat.parse(texttime);
147                         } catch (java.text.ParseException e) {
148                             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
149                             e.printStackTrace();
150                         }
151                     } catch (ParseException e) {
152                         e.printStackTrace();
153                     }
154                     talkMessage.setDate(date);
155                     talkMessage.setMsg(textmsg);
156                     talkMessage.setType(Type.RECEIVE);
157                     list.add(talkMessage);
158                 }
159                 adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
160             }
161             cursor.close();
162         }
163     }
164
165     private void initListener() {
166         //为发送按钮设置点击监听事件
167         button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
168
169             @Override
170             public void onClick(View v) {
171                 final String msg = edittext.getText().toString();//获取到edittext中的文本内容
172                 if (TextUtils.isEmpty(msg)) {
173                     //当edittext中的内容为空时，弹出一个吐司，并使用return停止
174                     Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "发送内容是空的啦！",
175                             Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
176                     return;
177                 }
178
179                 //初始化一个发送对象，并添加到list中
180                 TalkMessage sendMessage = new TalkMessage();
181                 sendMessage.setDate(new Date());
182                 sendMessage.setMsg(msg);
183                 sendMessage.setType(Type.SEND);
184                 sendMessage.setName("me");
185                 list.add(sendMessage);
186
187                 //将发送对象sendMessage插入到数据库
188                 db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
189                 ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
190                 values.put(DataBaseHelper.TEXTMSG, sendMessage.getMsg());
191                 SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(
192                         "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
193                 String date = format.format(sendMessage.getDate());
194                 values.put(DataBaseHelper.TEXTTIME, date);
195                 values.put(DataBaseHelper.NAME, sendMessage.getName());
196                 // String type = Type.SEND.toString();
197                 // values.put(DataBaseHelper.TYPE, type);
198                 db.insert(DataBaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
199                 db.close();
200                 adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();//通知适配器进行更新
201
202                 edittext.setText("");//将edittext清空
203
204                 //开启一个异步任务用于接收服务器端返回的数据
205                 new AsyncTask<String, String, TalkMessage>() {
206
207                     @Override
208                     protected TalkMessage doInBackground(String... params) {
209                         TalkMessage receiveMessage = HttpUtils.sendMessage(msg);//服务器端得到的一个接收对象
210
211                         //将服务器端得到的数据插入数据库
212                         db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
213                         ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
214                         values.put(DataBaseHelper.TEXTMSG,
215                                 receiveMessage.getMsg());
216                         SimpleDateFormat format1 = new SimpleDateFormat(
217                                 "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
218                         String date2 = format1.format(receiveMessage.getDate());
219                         values.put(DataBaseHelper.TEXTTIME, date2);
220                         // String type = Type.RECEIVE.toString();
221                         // values.put(DataBaseHelper.TYPE, type);
222                         db.insert(DataBaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
223                         db.close();
224                         return receiveMessage;
225                     }
226
227                     @Override
228                     protected void onPostExecute(TalkMessage result) {
229                         //这里接收到的result就是doInBackground中返回的receiveMessage
230                         list.add(result);//添加到list中
231                         adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
232                     }
233
234                 }.execute(msg);
235             }
236         });
237     }
238
239     @SuppressLint("SimpleDateFormat")
240     private void initDatas() {
241         //初始化数据
242         db = helper.getWritableDatabase();//创建我们自己需要的数据库db
243         list = new ArrayList<TalkMessage>();
244
245         //初始化一个TalkMessage作为机器人的欢迎语
246         TalkMessage initmessage = new TalkMessage("主人，有什么可以为您服务的呢？",
247                 Type.RECEIVE, new Date());
248
249         //将初始化的initmessage插入数据库
250         ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
251         values.put(DataBaseHelper.TEXTMSG, initmessage.getMsg());
252         SimpleDateFormat formattime = new SimpleDateFormat("yy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
253         String formatdate = formattime.format(initmessage.getDate());
254         values.put(DataBaseHelper.TEXTTIME, formatdate);
255         values.put(DataBaseHelper.NAME, "jiqiren");
256         db.insert(DataBaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
257         db.close();
258
259         //将initmessage添加到list中，显示到listview上。
260         list.add(initmessage);
261         // Cursor cursor =
262         // db.rawQuery("select * from "+DataBaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null);
263
264         adapter = new MyAdapter(this, list, db);
265
266         //为listview设置适配器
267         listview.setAdapter(adapter);
268     }
269
270     private void initView() {
271         //初始化view控件
272         listview = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
273         button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonsend);
274         edittext = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittext);
275     }
276
277 }