K8S中的包管理工具
1. 客户端Helm(即Helm)
通过脚本安装：curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/master/scripts/get > helm.sh，赋权运行：
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chmod +x helm.sh./helm.sh # 输出Downloading https://kubernetes-helm.storage.googleapis.com/helm-v2.13.1-linux-amd64.tar.gzPreparing to install helm and tiller into /usr/local/binhelm installed into /usr/local/bin/helmtiller installed into /usr/local/bin/tillerRun ‘helm init‘ to configure helm. # 验证helm help |
注：可能在执行脚本时出现curl: (7) Failed connect to kubernetes-helm.storage.googleapis.com:443; 网络不可达异常信息，多执行几次即可。
2. 服务端Tiller
直接helm init，即可在K8S集群中安装Tiller（在kube-system命名空间中），但执行的时虽然提示成功了，但K8S查看容器状态发现有Failed to pull image "gcr.io/kubernetes-helm/tiller:v2.13.1"....的异常，查看tiller-deployment的yaml文件发现容器的镜像为gcr.io/kubernetes-helm/tiller:v2.13.1，拉不到，去dockerhub上查看谷歌复制镜像命名空间中mirrorgooglecontainers是否有，没有又查看是否有用户镜像docker search tiller:v2.13.1，拉取一个用户的镜像，修改tag、删除旧的（建议在每个节点都干一下，选择器可能没有指定）：
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docker pull hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.13.1docker tag hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.13.1 gcr.io/kubernetes-helm/tiller:v2.13.1docker rmi hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.13.1 |
再次查看pod已经成功。
tiller授权：
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# 设置账号kubectl create serviceaccount --namespace kube-system tillerkubectl create clusterrolebinding tiller-cluster-rule --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:tiller
# 使用 kubectl patch 更新 API 对象kubectl patch deploy --namespace kube-system tiller-deploy -p ‘{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"serviceAccount":"tiller"}}}}‘
# 查看授权是否成功kubectl get deploy --namespace kube-system tiller-deploy --output yaml|grep serviceAccount
serviceAccount: tillerserviceAccountName: tiller
helm version
Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.13.1", GitCommit:"618447cbf203d147601b4b9bd7f8c37a5d39fbb4", GitTreeState:"clean"}Server: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.13.1", GitCommit:"618447cbf203d147601b4b9bd7f8c37a5d39fbb4", GitTreeState:"clean"}
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卸载tiller：helm reset或helm reset --force
3. 使用
创建Helm chart（Helm中的包的形式叫做chart）：
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# 拉取测试代码git clone https://github.com/daemonza/testapi.git; cd testapi# 创建chart骨架helm create testapi-chart |
生成的chart骨架为：
testapi-chart
├── charts
├── Chart.yaml
├── templates
│ ├── deployment.yaml
│ ├── _helpers.tpl
│ ├── ingress.yaml
│ ├── NOTES.txt
| ├── service.yaml
│ └── tests
└── values.yaml
其中templates目录中存放的是K8S部署文件的模板，Chart.yaml文件如下：
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# chartAPI的版本，必须只能设为v1apiVersion: v1# 可选参数appVersion: "1.0"# 可选参数description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes# chart的名字，必选参数name: testapi-chart# chart的版本号，必选参数，必须符合SemVerversion: 0.1.0 |
其中values.yaml文件如下：
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# Default values for testapi-chart.# This is a YAML-formatted file.# Declare variables to be passed into your templates.
replicaCount: 1
image: repository: nginx tag: stable pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
nameOverride: ""fullnameOverride: ""
service: type: ClusterIP port: 80
ingress: enabled: false annotations: {} # kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx # kubernetes.io/tls-acme: "true" hosts: - host: chart-example.local paths: []
tls: [] # - secretName: chart-example-tls # hosts: # - chart-example.local
resources: {} # We usually recommend not to specify default resources and to leave this as a conscious # choice for the user. This also increases chances charts run on environments with little # resources, such as Minikube. If you do want to specify resources, uncomment the following # lines, adjust them as necessary, and remove the curly braces after ‘resources:‘. # limits: # cpu: 100m # memory: 128Mi # requests: # cpu: 100m # memory: 128Mi
nodeSelector: {}
tolerations: []
affinity: {}
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可以进入Chart.yaml所在目录运行Chart：
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cd testapi-chart # 运行charthelm lint |
一切OK的话可以进行打包（在Chart.yaml的父目录外）：
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# --debug标识可选，加上可以看到输出，testapi-chart是要打包的chart目录，打出的包在当前目录下helm package testapi-chart --debug # 输出Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/k8s/helm/testapi/testapi-chart-0.1.0.tgz[debug] Successfully saved /root/k8s/helm/testapi/testapi-chart-0.1.0.tgz to /root/.helm/repository/local |
现在打包出来在当前目录，也可以直接发布到本地的helm仓库：helm install testapi-chart-0.1.0.tgz，输出如下：
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NAME: lumbering-zebuLAST DEPLOYED: Fri Apr 26 18:54:26 2019NAMESPACE: defaultSTATUS: DEPLOYED
RESOURCES:==> v1/DeploymentNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGElumbering-zebu-testapi-chart 0/1 1 0 0s
==> v1/Pod(related)NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGElumbering-zebu-testapi-chart-7fb48fc7b6-n6824 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
==> v1/ServiceNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGElumbering-zebu-testapi-chart ClusterIP 10.97.1.55 <none> 80/TCP 0s
NOTES:1. Get the application URL by running these commands: export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=testapi-chart,app.kubernetes.io/instance=lumbering-zebu" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application" kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
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上述就已经在K8S中创建了deployment，查看默认的命名空间就可以发现多了一个lumbering-zebu-testapi-chart的Deployment，可以查看deployment的包：
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helm ls # 输出NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACElumbering-zebu 1 Fri Apr 26 18:54:26 2019 DEPLOYED testapi-chart-0.1.0 1.0 default |
修改Chart的打包版本0.1.0–>0.1.1，再次执行打包、发布，再次查看：
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kubectl get deployments NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGElumbering-zebu-testapi-chart 1/1 1 1 13modd-chicken-testapi-chart 1/1 1 1 85s |
出现2个了，现在需要删除旧版本的deployment的chart：helm delete lumbering-zebu-testapi-chart，通过helm ls和kubectl get pods可以发现旧版本的deployment都已经被删除。删除后同样可以回滚：
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# 将testapi包按顺序回滚1次修改，注意不带-testapi-charthelm rollback lumbering-zebu 1# 输出Rollback was a success! Happy Helming!# 验证helm ls |
但这种情况必须记得删除包的名字，实际可以通过helm ls --deleted查看已删除包的名字。
升级，可以在修改相关的Chart.yaml文件后，直接在其所在目录运行helm upgrade odd-chicken .命令即可更新：
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# 验证helm ls# 版本号已变NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACEodd-chicken 2 Fri Apr 26 19:26:21 2019 DEPLOYED testapi-chart2-2.1.1 2.0 default |
【设置Helm仓库】
越来越觉得这东西像mvn了，Helm的仓库就是一个WEB服务器，如从charts目录提供helm服务：helm serve --repo-path ./charts。此外关于Chart服务的管理可能需要安装Monocular来提供WEB页面，安装步骤如下：
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# 拉取所需要的镜像docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/hhu/defaultbackend:1.4docker tag registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/hhu/defaultbackend:1.4 k8s.gcr.io/defaultbackend:1.4docker rmi registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/hhu/defaultbackend:1.4 # 安装Nginx Ingress controllerhelm install stable/nginx-ingress --set controller.hostNetwork=true,rbac.create=true # 添加源（最新的源）helm repo add monocular https://helm.github.io/monocular# 安装monocularhelm install monocular/monocular |
然后等待，安装完了之后，即可通过
【使用Helm仓库】
使用Helmet作为Helm仓库，可以将它部署到K8S集群中并添加Chart。
转自：https://blog.wgl.wiki/K8S%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2Helm/
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wangshuyang/p/12303524.html