关于内核说明：
版本性质：主分支ml（mainline），稳定版（stable），长期维护lt（longterm）
版本命名格式：“A.B.C"
A代表内核版本号
B代表内核主版本号
C代表内核次版本号
一、检查内核版本
[[email protected] ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) [[email protected] ~]#
二、如何升级内核
这里只关注centos7如何升级
1、导入elrepo的key然后在安装elrepo的yum源：
rpm -import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org ###key rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm ###yum源
2、查看可用的内核相关的包
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
1 [[email protected] ~]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available 2 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks 3 elrepo-kernel | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 4 elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 1.8 MB 00:00:02 5 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 6 * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn 7 Available Packages 8 kernel-lt.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 9 kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 10 kernel-lt-doc.noarch 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 11 kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 12 kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 13 kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 14 kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 15 kernel-ml.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 16 kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 17 kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 18 kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 19 kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 20 kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 21 kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 22 perf.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 23 python-perf.x86_64 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo
3、安装内核（我这里用最新的吧）以后如何继续升级直接用下面这条命令就可以了
yum -y --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml.x86_64 kernel-ml-devel.x86_64
使用新内核启动
# 使用新内核启动: grub2-set-default 0 reboot
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------下面的可不用看
三、修改grub中默认的内核版本
内核升级完成后，还需要调整
1、查看内核启动顺序
awk -F\‘ ‘$1=="menuentry " {print $2}‘ /etc/grub2.cfg
通过此命令可以看到新内核顺序为0
1 [[email protected] ~]# awk -F\‘ ‘$1=="menuentry " {print $2}‘ /etc/grub2.cfg
2 CentOS Linux (5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
3 CentOS Linux (3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
4 CentOS Linux (0-rescue-b7671beb75f14e95b5a58975dae3a897) 7 (Core)
5 You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
6 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/default/g
7 google-chrome grub
2、修改内核启动顺序为0
vim /etc/default/grub
1 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/default/grub 2 3 GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 4 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed ‘s, release .*$,,g‘ /etc/system-release)" 5 GRUB_DEFAULT=0 6 GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true 7 GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" 8 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 " 9 GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
3、接着用命令来创建内核配置
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
1 [[email protected] ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 2 Generating grub configuration file ... 3 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 4 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img 5 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 6 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img 7 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-b7671beb75f14e95b5a58975dae3a897 8 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-b7671beb75f14e95b5a58975dae3a897.img 9 done
4、重启查看变化
init 6或者reboot
[[email protected] ~]# init 6
[[email protected] ~]# uname -r 5.1.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) [[email protected] ~]#
参考：升级Centos 7/6内核版本到4.12.4的方法，还介绍了无法上网机器的升级方法
转载：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangxingeng/p/10941781.html
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/chengkanghua/p/12516551.html
时间： 2024-08-29 01:19:19