理论基础:
l--操作系统：windows linux unix mac OS
a--网页发布软件：apache nginx iis
m--数据库：mysql pgsql oracle...
p--网页语言：php jsp xml
配置:
系统环境: rhel6 x86_64 iptables and selinux disabled
主机: 192.168.122.185 server85.example.com
相关网址:wiki.nginx.org rpm.pbone.net
所需的包:mysql-5.6.10.tar.gz nginx-1.2.7.tar.gz libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2 mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz php-5.4.12.tar.bz2
1.安装mysql
[[email protected]
kernel]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.10.tar.gz
[[email protected]
kernel]# cd mysql-5.6.10
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql \
(安装目录)
>
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data \ (数据库存放目录)
>
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock \ (Unix
socket 文件路径)
>
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ (安装myisam存储引擎)
>
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ (使用utf8字符)
>
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ (校验字符)
>
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ (安装所有扩展字符集)
此时会出现如下问题：
(1)-bash:
cmake: command not found
(2)CMake
Error: CMAKE_C_COMPILER not set, after EnableLanguage
CMake
Error: CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER not set, after
EnableLanguage
(3)emove
CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is
libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
(4)Warning:
Bison executable not found in PATH
解决方法如下：
(1)[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# yum install cmake -y
(2)[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y
(3)[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# yum install ncurses-devel -y
(4)[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# yum install bison -y
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# make && make install
重新编译时,需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息:
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# yum install make -y
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# make clean
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# rm -rf CMakeCache.txt
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# useradd -u 27 -d /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/ -M mysql
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# groupmod -g 27 mysql
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# cp /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir
=
/usr/local/lnmp/mysql
datadir
= /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data
port
= 3306
server_id
= 1
socket
= /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[[email protected]
mysql-5.6.10]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/
[[email protected]
mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db
--user=mysql--basedir=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/
--datadir=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/
[[email protected]
mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected]
mysql]# chown root -R /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/
[[email protected]
mysql]# chown mysql -R /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/
[[email protected]
mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting
MySQL. SUCCESS! (看到此提示说明mysql启动成功)
[[email protected]
mysql]# vim ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin
[[email protected]
mysql]# source ~/.bash_profile
至此mysql安装完成！！！
2.安装及配置nginx
(1)安装：
[[email protected]
kernel]# tar zxf nginx-1.2.7.tar.gz
[[email protected]
kernel]# cd nginx-1.2.7
[[email protected]
nginx-1.2.7]# vim src/core/nginx.h
#define
NGINX_VER "nginx" (编译后外界无法获取程序的版本号)
[[email protected]
nginx-1.2.7]# vim auto/cc/gcc
#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS
-g"（去掉debug模式编译，编译以后程序只有几百k）
[[email protected] nginx-1.2.7]# ./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
--with-http_stub_status_module
此时会出现如下错误:
(1)./configure:
error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
(2)./configure:
error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.
解决方法如下：
(1)[[email protected]
nginx-1.2.7]# yum install pcre-devel -y
(2)[[email protected]
nginx-1.2.7]# yum install openssl-devel -y
[[email protected]
nginx-1.2.7]# make && make install
[[email protected]
nginx-1.2.7]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/
[[email protected]
conf]# vim nginx.conf
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections
1024;
}
[[email protected]
conf]# vim ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin: $PATH:/usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin
[[email protected]
conf]# source ~/.bash_profile
[[email protected]
conf]# nginx (启动nginx)
[[email protected]
conf]# nginx -t ( 检测语法)
[[email protected]
conf]# nginx -s reload (重载主配置文件)
[[email protected]
conf]# nginx -s stop (关闭nginx)
访问server85.example.com能出现以下页面说明nginx安装并启动成功:
(2)配置(/etc/hosts下：192.168.122.185 server85.example.com)
[root@server85 ~]# useradd nginx
[root@server85 ~]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes 4;
[root@server85 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@server85 ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@server85 ~]# ps ax
5922 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
5942 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
5943 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
5944 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
5945 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process (进程数与配置的数目对应)
[root@server85
~]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /status {
stub_status
on;
access_log
off;
}
[root@server85
~]# nginx -s reload
访问server85.example.com出现以下页面说明配置成功：
HTTPS加密访问
[root@server85
~]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 443;
server_name
server85.example.com;
ssl
on;
ssl_certificate
nginx.pem;
ssl_certificate_key
nginx.pem;
ssl_session_timeout
5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2
SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers
HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers
on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html
index.htm;
}
}
[root@server85
~]# cd /etc/pki/tls/certs/
[root@server85
certs]# make nginx.pem
Country
Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State
or Province Name (full name) []:shannxi
Locality
Name (eg, city) [Default City]:xi‘an
Organization
Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:westos
Organizational
Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common
Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname)
[]:server85.example.com
Email
Address []:root@server85.example.com
[root@server85
certs]# mv nginx.pem /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/
[root@server85
certs]# nginx -s reload
访问https://server85.example.com时需要先下载证书说明配置成功。
虚拟主机
[root@server85 ~]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.linux.com;
access_log logs/linux.com.access.log main;
location / {
index index.html;
root /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/virtualhosts/linux;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.westos.com;
access_log logs/westos.com.access.log main;
location / {
index index.html;
root /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/virtualhosts/westos;
}
}
[root@server85 ~]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/
[root@server85 nginx]# mkdir -p virtualhosts/linux
[root@server85 nginx]# mkdir -p virtualhosts/westos
[root@server85 nginx]# echo www.linux.com > virtualhosts/linux/index.html
[root@server85 nginx]# echo www.westos.com > virtualhosts/westos/index.html
[root@server85 nginx]# nginx -s reload
[root@server85 nginx]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.122.185 www.linux.com www.westos.com
分别访问www.linux.com和www.westos.com能访问到不同的网页说明配置成功。
负载均衡
[root@server85
~]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
http
{
upstream
koen{
server
192.168.122.117:80;
server
192.168.122.1:80 ;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name
server85.example.com;
location / {
#
root html;
#
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass
http://koen ;
}
}
[root@server85
~]# nginx -s reload
访问server85.example.com,
刷新页面，两台机子上的页面循环出现说明配置成功.
至此nginx的安装及配置完毕！！！
3.安装php
libiconv
(加强系统对支持字符编码转换的功能)
[root@server85
kernel]# tar zxf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
[root@server85
kernel]# cd libiconv-1.13.1
[root@server85
libiconv-1.13.1]# ./configure –libdir=/usr/local/lib64/
[root@server85
libiconv-1.13.1]# make && make install
libmcrypt
(php的加密算法扩展库)
[root@server85
kernel]# tar jxf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
[root@server85
kernel]# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
[root@server85
libmcrypt-2.5.8]# ./configure –libdir=/usr/local/lib64/
[root@server85
libmcrypt-2.5.8]# make && make install
mhash
(php的加密算法扩展库)
[root@server85
kernel]# tar jxf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2
[root@server85
kernel]# cd mhash-0.9.9.9
[root@server85
mhash-0.9.9.9]# ./configure –libdir=/usr/local/lib64/
[root@server85
mhash-0.9.9.9]# make && make install
mcrypt
[root@server85
kernel]# tar zxf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
[root@server85
kernel]# cd mcrypt-2.6.8
[root@server85
mcrypt-2.6.8]# ./configure –libdir=/usr/local/lib64/
此时会出现如下错误:
configure:
error: *** libmcrypt was not found
解决方法如下：
[root@server85
mcrypt-2.6.8]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf
include
ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/local/lib64
[root@server85
mcrypt-2.6.8]# ldconfig
[root@server85
mcrypt-2.6.8]# make && make install
./configure时可能会报错:/bin/rm:cannot
remove ‘libtoolT‘:No Such file or directory直接忽略.
php
[root@server85
kernel]# tar jxf php-5.4.12.tar.bz2
[root@server85
kernel]# cd php-5.4.12
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# yum install net-snmp-devel curl-devel libxml2-devel
libpng-devel libjpeg-devel freetype-devel gmp-devel -y
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lnmp/php/etc
--with-mysql=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/ --with-openssl --with-snmp
--with-gd --with-zlib --with-curl --with-libxml-dir --with-png-dir
--with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-pear --with-gettext
--with-gmp --enable-inline-optimization --enable-soap --enable-ftp
--enable-sockets --enable-mbstring
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-fpm
--with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-libdir=lib64
--with-mcrypt –with-mhash
此时会出现以下错误：
checking
for MySQL support... yes
checking
for specified location of the MySQL UNIX socket... no
configure:
error: Cannot find libmysqlclient under /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/.
Note
that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
解决方法如下:
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/
[root@server85
mysql]# ln -s lib/ lib64
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=‘-liconv‘
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# make install
[root@server85
kernel]# cd php-5.4.12/sapi/fpm/
[root@server85
fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@server85
~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@server85
~]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/
[root@server85
etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@server85
etc]# vim php-fpm.conf
pid
= run/php-fpm.pid
[root@server85
etc]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
[root@server85
etc]# ps ax
29876
? Ss 0:00 php-fpm: master process
(/usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php-
29877
? S 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
29878
? S 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
[root@server85 etc]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location
~ \.php$ {
root
html;
fastcgi_pass
127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
#
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
[root@server85
etc]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/
[root@server85
html]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo()
?>
[root@server85
html]# cd /root/kernel/php-5.4.12
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
date.timezone
= Asia/Shanghai
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
[root@server85
php-5.4.12]# nginx -s reload
访问server85.example.com/index.php可以看到以下页面说明配置成功：
至此php安装完毕！！！
4.发布Discuz论坛
[root@server85 kernel]# yum install unzip
[root@server85 kernel]# unzip Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip -d /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/
[root@server85 kernel]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/
[root@server85 html]# rm -rf readme/ utility/
[root@server85 html]# mv upload/ bbs
[root@server85 html]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
[root@server85 html]# nginx -s reload
访问server85.example.com/bbs出现以下画面，按“我同意”：
此时文件权限不满足要求：
解决方法如下：
[root@server85 bbs]# chown nginx -R /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/bbs/
至此Discuz论坛发布成功！！！