本文译至：http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-setup-nfs-server-in-linux/
在本教程中，让我们看看如何安装和配置NFS服务器和如何在NFS服务器和客户端之间共享文件。虽然我已经在CentOS
6.5 32位版本上测试这些步骤，它也可以在RHEL /Scientific Linux
6.x上工作。
场景
NFS Server Operating System : CentOS 6.5 32 bit (Minimal server install)
NFS Client Operating System : CentOS 6.5 32 bit (Minimal Desktop install)
NFS Server IP Address : 192.168.1.200/24
NFS Client IP Address : 192.168.1.29/24
1. 在服务器上安装NFS
[[email protected] ~]# yum install nfs* -y
2. 启动NFS服务
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig nfs on
3. 在客户机上安装NFS
[[email protected] client]# yum install nfs* -y
4. 在客户机上启动NFS服务
[[email protected] client]# /etc/init.d/nfs start Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] [[email protected] client]# chkconfig nfs on
5. 在服务器上创建共享目录
让我们在服务器上创建一个名为“/home/ostechnix”的共享目录，让客户端用户读取和写入文件到
‘/home/ostechnix“目录中。
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /home/ostechnix [[email protected] ~]# chmod 755 /home/ostechnix/
6. 在服务器上导出共享目录
打开/etc/exports文件，如下图所示添加条目：
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/exports /home/ostechnix 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
其中，
/home/ostechnix – 共享目录
192.168.1.0/24 – 客户端访问共享文件夹的IP地址范围
rw – 设定共享文件夹可写
sync –
创建新的文件/文件夹时同步共享目录
no_root_squash –
启用root权限（用户可以读取，写入和删除共享目录中的文件）
no_all_squash – 允许用户权限
现在重新启动NFS服务。
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs restart Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] -
7. 在客户端映射共享目录
创建一个挂载点来挂载服务器的共享目录。
要做到这一点创建一个名为“/nfs/shared”的目录（您可以创建自己的挂载点）
[[email protected] client]# mkdir -p /nfs/shared
现在映射服务器上的共享目录，如下图所示
[[email protected] client]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.200:/home/ostechnix/ /nfs/shared/
这需要花一些时间，并显示连接超时的错误。好的，不要惊慌，防火墙可能会限制客户端从服务器挂载共享。简单地关闭iptables来纠正问题，也可以通过设定iptables允许NFS服务的端口。
要做到这一点打开/etc/sysconfig/nfs文件，并取消以黑体标出的部分的注释。
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/nfs # # Define which protocol versions mountd # will advertise. The values are "no" or "yes" # with yes being the default #MOUNTD_NFS_V2="no" #MOUNTD_NFS_V3="no" # # # Path to remote quota server. See rquotad(8) #RQUOTAD="/usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad" # Port rquotad should listen on. RQUOTAD_PORT=875 # Optinal options passed to rquotad #RPCRQUOTADOPTS="" # # # Optional arguments passed to in-kernel lockd #LOCKDARG= # TCP port rpc.lockd should listen on. LOCKD_TCPPORT=32803 # UDP port rpc.lockd should listen on. LOCKD_UDPPORT=32769 # # # Optional arguments passed to rpc.nfsd. See rpc.nfsd(8) # Turn off v2 and v3 protocol support #RPCNFSDARGS="-N 2 -N 3" # Turn off v4 protocol support #RPCNFSDARGS="-N 4" # Number of nfs server processes to be started. # The default is 8. #RPCNFSDCOUNT=8 # Stop the nfsd module from being pre-loaded #NFSD_MODULE="noload" # Set V4 grace period in seconds #NFSD_V4_GRACE=90 # # # # Optional arguments passed to rpc.mountd. See rpc.mountd(8) #RPCMOUNTDOPTS="" # Port rpc.mountd should listen on. MOUNTD_PORT=892 # # # Optional arguments passed to rpc.statd. See rpc.statd(8) #STATDARG="" # Port rpc.statd should listen on. STATD_PORT=662 # Outgoing port statd should used. The default is port # is random STATD_OUTGOING_PORT=2020 # Specify callout program #STATD_HA_CALLOUT="/usr/local/bin/foo" # # # Optional arguments passed to rpc.idmapd. See rpc.idmapd(8) #RPCIDMAPDARGS="" # # Set to turn on Secure NFS mounts. #SECURE_NFS="yes" # Optional arguments passed to rpc.gssd. See rpc.gssd(8) #RPCGSSDARGS="" # Optional arguments passed to rpc.svcgssd. See rpc.svcgssd(8) #RPCSVCGSSDARGS="" # # To enable RDMA support on the server by setting this to # the port the server should listen on #RDMA_PORT=20049
现在重新启动NFS服务
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs restart Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
在‘/etc/sysconfig/iptables’ 文件中添加在以粗体显示的行。
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 32769 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 32803 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 892 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 892 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 875 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 875 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 662 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 662 -j ACCEPT :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT
现在重新启动iptables服务。
[[email protected] ~]# service iptables restart iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
再次从客户端映射共享
[[email protected] client]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.200:/home/ostechnix/ /nfs/shared/
最后，NFS共享被映射，没有任何连接超时的错误。
为了验证共享目录是否被安装，请在客户端执行mount命令。
[[email protected] client]# mount /dev/mapper/vg_vpn-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw) 192.168.1.200:/home/ostechnix/ on /nfs/shared type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.200,clientaddr=192.168.1.29)
8. 测试NFS
现在，在‘/nfs/shared’目录下创建一些文件或文件夹。
[[email protected] shared]# mkdir test [[email protected] shared]# touch file1 file2 file3
现在到服务器上，更换到“/home/ostechnix”目录。
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/ostechnix/ [[email protected] ostechnix]# ls file1 file2 file3 test [[email protected] ostechnix]#
现在列出由客户端创建的文件和目录。你也可以从服务器到客户端共享文件，反之亦然。
9. 自动挂载共享
如果你想自动挂载共享，而不是在每次重新启动手动挂载它们，使用如下客户端‘/etc/fstab’中加粗的行。
[[email protected] client]# vi /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Wed Feb 27 15:35:14 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘ # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg_vpn-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=59411b1a-d116-4e52-9382-51ff6e252cfb /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg_vpn-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 192.168.1.200:/home/ostechnix/nfs/sharednfsrw,sync,hard,intr0 0
10. 验证共享
重新启动你的客户端并验证共享是否自动挂载。
[[email protected] client]# mount /dev/mapper/vg_vpn-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) 192.168.1.200:/home/ostechnix on /nfs/shared type nfs (rw,sync,hard,intr,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.200,clientaddr=192.168.1.29) nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
这就是所有的了，祝你有美好的一天！
时间： 2024-11-06 07:12:17