MyBatis学习手记二
前:MyBatis官方学习(中文)文档 http://mybatis.github.io/mybatis-3/zh/index.html
一,首先,要使用MyBatis必须使用官方提供的MyBatis的JAR包
链接:https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3/releases
这里使用的数据库是MySQL,所以还需要Mysql的驱动包、
二,看MyBatis官方介绍,说MyBatis支持一级缓存,二级缓存。这里才是我真正要学习MyBatis的原因来源。
要知道,如果在项目中,在Dao层中使用了缓存机制的话,你的数据库压力将会大大优化。你的程序的响应速度也将大大提升。
在MyBatis中,一级缓存其实已经默认打开了、
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class); User user = userMapper.selectUserById(1); User user2 = userMapper.selectUserById(1); System.out.println(user.getName()); System.out.println(user2.getName()); session.close(); }
这里,我们只新建了一个SqlSession,然后实例化一个UserMapper 查询两次。
然后我们可以看一下控制台打印的BUG
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using ‘org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl‘ adapter. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - Openning JDBC Connection DEBUG [main] - Created connection 27187756. DEBUG [main] - ooo Using Connection [[email protected]] DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: select * from user where id = ? DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer) xiaolei xiaolei DEBUG [main] - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [[email protected]] DEBUG [main] - Closing JDBC Connection [[email protected]] DEBUG [main] - Returned connection 27187756 to pool.
从这里我就能看见,虽然我们在代码中执行了两次查询,可是真正从数据库中获取数据的操作,却只有一次。
Preparing: select * from user where id = ?
三、也就是说,这里一级缓存,我们可以不用去考虑。然后我们重点考虑一下二级缓存
通过查询资料,我发现,二级缓存其实也不是那么复杂、只需要在配置文件中配置一下,就OK了、
MyBatis-Config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <settings> <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/> </settings> <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"/> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis" /> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="password"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <mappers> <mapper class="com.xcode.beens.mapperInterfaces.UserMapper"/> </mappers> </configuration>
我们发现。这个配置文件与之前的配置文件,多了这么个东西
<settings> <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/> </settings>
好吧,当我发现只要配置这么一段话的时候,劳资真想说:‘吓死宝宝了‘
然后我再继续测试,发现并没什么区别。然后有些操作还会报错
org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheException: Error serializing object. Cause: java.io.NotSerializableException:
当出现这个异常的时候,我就知道,并没有那么简单。
然后我查阅资料,发现,原来是我的Been有问题,原来要实现二级缓存,就必须实现可序列化接口:java.io.Serializable
将User.java实现一下这个接口:
package com.xcode.beens; import java.io.Serializable; public class User implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 8942594370466951584L; private int id; private String name; private String sex; private String address; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } }
当一切完成之后,再测试:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); SqlSession session2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class); UserMapper userMapper2 = session2.getMapper(UserMapper.class); User user = userMapper.selectUserById(1); session.commit();//这里一定要提交一下,否则也会查询两次 User user2 = userMapper2.selectUserById(1); System.out.println(user.getName()); System.out.println(user2.getName()); session.close(); session2.close(); }
这段代码中我们可以看到,我在这里实例化了两个 SqlSession 然后不同的SqlSession实例化了不同的 UserMapper,
两个UserMapper执行同样的操作,都是对数据库进行查询。,这时我们看一下控制台日志:
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using ‘org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl‘ adapter. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections. DEBUG [main] - Cache Hit Ratio [com.xcode.beens.mapperInterfaces.UserMapper]: 0.0 DEBUG [main] - Openning JDBC Connection DEBUG [main] - Created connection 12644844. DEBUG [main] - ooo Using Connection [[email protected]] DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: select * from user where id = ? DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer) DEBUG [main] - Cache Hit Ratio [com.xcode.beens.mapperInterfaces.UserMapper]: 0.5 xiaolei xiaolei DEBUG [main] - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [[email protected]] DEBUG [main] - Closing JDBC Connection [[email protected]] DEBUG [main] - Returned connection 12644844 to pool.
我们这回看见,虽然我们代码里查询了两次,可是真正去数据库中查询,我们却只查询了一次,也就是说,我们第二次是读的缓存。
注:在之前我用了注解的方式,发现缓存根本没有起作用,然后我查了一下,没有找到使用注解就使用二级缓存的方式
也就是说,这里必须使用UserMapper.xml配置文件配置,才能使用二级缓存。
MyBatis-Config.xml 需要修改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <settings> <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/> </settings> <!-- 这里需要注意,这个typeAliases不能放在 environments 这个节点的下面,否则会报错 --> <typeAliases> <typeAlias alias="User" type="com.xcode.beens.User"/> </typeAliases> <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"/> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis" /> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="password"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/xcode/beens/mapperInterfaces/UserMapper.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration>
我们注意到,修改的地方就是
<mappers> <mapper resource="com/xcode/beens/mapperInterfaces/UserMapper.xml"/> </mappers>
然后我们在 com.xcode.beens.mapperInterfaces 包下新建 UserMapper.xml 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.xcode.beens.mapperInterfaces.UserMapper"> <cache /> <!-- 这儿的resultType是配置在mybatis-config.xml中得别名 --> <select id="selectUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="User"> select * from user where id = #{id} </select> <select id="selectUsersByName" parameterType="string" resultMap="resultListUser"> select * from user where name = #{name} </select> <!-- 为了返回list 类型而定义的returnMap --> <resultMap type="User" id="resultListUser"> <id column="id" property="id" /> <result column="name" property="name" /> <result column="sex" property="sex" /> <result column="address" property="address" /> </resultMap> <insert id="insertUser" parameterType="User"> INSERT INTO `user` (`name`, `sex`, `address`) VALUES (#{name},#{sex},#{address}) </insert> <delete id="deleteUserByID" parameterType="int"> delete from user where id = #{id} </delete> </mapper>
我们注意一行:
<mapper namespace="com.xcode.beens.mapperInterfaces.UserMapper">
namespace配置的就是Mapper接口的 全限定名。
再我们修改一下 UserMapper.java
package com.xcode.beens.mapperInterfaces; import java.util.List; import com.xcode.beens.User; public interface UserMapper { public User selectUserById(int id); public List<User> selectUsersByName(String name); public void insertUser(User user); public void deleteUserByID(int id); }
我们这里将前面所有的注解都删了,注解的SQL语句配置到UserMapper.xml文件中了。
好了,收工!再执行一下刚才的 Main , 二级缓存使用成功!
这里很多都没有详细讲,比如那个Mapper配置文件。以及返回结果集是多条的时候,怎么转换成List的。我也是刚学,写博客只是为了记录下来以便自己以后忘记了,能迅速拿起来。