数组:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; //模板函数 template <class T> void dump(T val) { cout << ">>>>" << __FUNCTION__ << endl;//内置的宏,打印当前函数的名字 cout << sizeof(val) << ":" << typeid(val).name() << endl; cout << "<<<<" << __FUNCTION__ << endl << endl; } void dump1(int a[]) { cout << "a=" << a << endl;//第一个元素的地址 cout << "&a=" << &a << endl;//指针的指针 cout << "a+1=" << a + 1 << endl;//数组第二个元素的地址(+4) cout << "&a+1=" << &a + 1 << endl;//指向指针地址的下一个变量(+4) } int main() { const int len = 6; int a[len] = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 };//赋值少一个没关系,没有赋值会有默认值0 int *pa = a; int *pa2 = a; //a是一个指针指向数组的第一个元素 cout << "a=" << a << endl << "&a[0]=" << &(a[0]) << endl; for (int i = 0; i < len;i++) { a[i] = i; cout << "a[" << i << "]=" << a[i] << " " << "*(a+i)=" << *(a + i) << " " << "*(i+a)=" << *(i + a) << " " //由上面表达式依据加法的结合律 << "i[a]=" << i[a] << " " //cout << *(a++) << endl;//编译出错。a是数组的首地址(相当于常量),不能再对a进行赋值了 << "*(pa++)=" << *(pa++) << " " << "pa[" << i << "]=" << pa2[i] << " " << "*(pa+i)=" << *(pa2 + i) << " " << "i[pa]=" << i[pa2] << " " //综上,操作数组能够通过数组名,也能够通过指针变量 << endl; } cout << "===================数组类型和指针类型=======================" << endl; cout << sizeof(a) << ":" << typeid(a).name() << endl;//24:int[6] dump(a);//4:int* //在数组声明的作用域之内,a是数组类型;在作用域之外(包含函数传递),a退化成一个整形指针 cout << "====================数组类型取地址======================" << endl; cout << "a=" << a << endl; cout << "&a=" << &a << endl;//和上面的值一致都是第一个元素的地址 cout << "a+1=" << a+1 << endl;//数组第二个元素的地址(+4) cout << "&a+1=" << &a+1 << endl;//数组后一个变量的地址(+4*6) cout << "====================指针类型取地址======================" << endl; dump1(a); return 0; }
动态数组:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; /*C++内存管理 栈:编译器自己主动分配和删除变量的区 存储如局部变量,函数參数等。 高效但空间有限 堆:存储由应用程序分配和删除的区 不释放分配的内存会造成内存泄露 全局/静态存储区:存储全局变量和静态变量 常量存储区:存放常量,不同意改动 */ int main() { //动态数组定义格式:int *a = new int[array_size]; //释放格式:delete []a; int len = 0; cin >> len; int *p = new int[len]; for (int i = 0; i < len;i++) { p[i] = i; cout << "p[i]=" << p[i] << endl; } delete []p; return 0; }
差别:
二维的数组:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; void print1(int a[2][3], int rowLen, int colLen) { cout << "=============print1===========" << endl; //4:(*)[3]事实上就是指向二维数组的指针 cout << sizeof(a) << ":" << typeid(a).name() << endl; for (int row = 0; row < rowLen; row++) { int *p = a[row]; for (int col = 0; col < colLen; col++) { cout << "a[" << row << "][" << col << "]=" << a[row][col] << " " << *(p + col) << " " << p[col] << " " << *(*(a + row) + col) << " " << endl; } } } void print2(int (*a)[3], int rowLen, int colLen) { cout << "=============print2===========" << endl; for (int row = 0; row < rowLen; row++) { int *p = a[row]; for (int col = 0; col < colLen; col++) { cout << "a[" << row << "][" << col << "]=" << a[row][col] << " " << *(p + col) << " " << p[col] << " " << *(*(a + row) + col) << " " << endl; } } } int main() { //二维数组 const int I_ROW = 2; const int I_COL = 3; int a[I_ROW][I_COL] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }; //int a[][I_COL] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };第一维的能够省略 print1(a, I_ROW, I_COL); //指向二维数组的指针变量。格式:数据类型 (*指针名)[一维数组长度] //int(*p)[4] print2(a, I_ROW, I_COL); //指针数组,格式:数据类型 *数组名[数组长度] //char *ary[2] = {str1,str2} //二维数组和指针数组的区别? char str1[] = "hello"; char str2[] = "test"; char str3[] = "!!"; char array1[3][8] = { "hello", "test", "!!" };//数组里面存储了字符串数据 char *array2[3] = { str1, str2, str3 };//数组里面存储了指向字符串数据的地址 char *array3[3] = { array1[0], array1[1], array2[2] };//数组里面存储了指向字符串数据的地址 return 0; }
时间: 2024-11-08 19:06:34