前言
在之前的博文里详细地讲述了如何在OpenWrt下建立一个软件包(package),如:[OpenWrt对C++11的支持],[OpenWrt创建软件包]。
但是有个问题博主始终没有弄明白。为什么我们 make 一下,管理器就为我们从网上仓库下载软件源码,并编译打包。这个过程是怎么回事儿?还有,为什么我们在 package/<包名>/ 下的Makefile文件下的最后一行是:
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,xxx))
这句话的语意是什么?BuildPackage是什么?
带着这个问题,我们今天来研究一下 BuildPackage 以及展开后的Makefile全貌。
如果对Makefile的格式不太熟悉的同学,请访问我之前的博文:[Makefile学习笔记],了解Makefile的基本语法。
正文
我们还是来看看一个完整的Makefile内貌,如cpp11-demo的Makefile:
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk PKG_NAME:=cpp11-demo PKG_RELEASE:=1 PKG_BUILD_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME) include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk define Package/cpp11-demo SECTION:=utils CATEGORY:=Utilites TITLE:=$(PKG_NAME) DEPENDS:=+libstdcpp endef define Build/Prepare $(MKDIR) -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR) $(CP) ./src/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR) endef define Package/cpp11-demo/install $(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/bin $(INSTALL_BIN) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME) $(1)/usr/bin endef $(eval $(call BuildPackage,cpp11-demo))
知道Makefile基本语法的同学们都知道 define xxxx ... endef 其实就是给 xxxx 变量赋值,只不过是多行文本而已。
依此,可以将上面的同意为:
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk PKG_NAME:=cpp11-demo PKG_RELEASE:=1 PKG_BUILD_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME) include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk Package/cpp11-demo=XXXXXX Build/Prepare=YYYYYY Package/cpp11-demo/install=XXXXX $(eval $(call BuildPackage,cpp11-demo))
从上面,没有看到一个目标的定义,如下面这样:
ALL:$(target) objects:=main.o $(target):$(objects) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o [email protected] $^ .PHONY clean -$(RM) $(objects)
那,这些目标在哪里?
玄机就在最后一行的BuildPackage,它根据上面定义的变量生成了所有上面的一切。
$(eval <text>),是将<text>作为Makefile文件中的一部分。
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,cpp11-demo)),是引用BuildPackage变量中的内容,并将内部中的$(1)替换为cpp11-demo,然后将处理后的内部作为Makefile的一部分。
1. 研究BuildPackage
BuildPackage 变量定义在 include/package.mk 文件中。
define BuildPackage $(Build/IncludeOverlay) $(eval $(Package/Default)) $(eval $(Package/$(1))) ifdef DESCRIPTION $$(error DESCRIPTION:= is obsolete, use Package/PKG_NAME/description) endif ifndef Package/$(1)/description define Package/$(1)/description $(TITLE) endef endif BUILD_PACKAGES += $(1) $(STAMP_PREPARED): $$(if $(QUILT)$(DUMP),,$(call find_library_dependencies,$(DEPENDS))) $(foreach FIELD, TITLE CATEGORY SECTION VERSION, ifeq ($($(FIELD)),) $$(error Package/$(1) is missing the $(FIELD) field) endif ) $(if $(DUMP), $(Dumpinfo/Package), $(foreach target, $(if $(Package/$(1)/targets),$(Package/$(1)/targets), $(if $(PKG_TARGETS),$(PKG_TARGETS), ipkg) ), $(BuildTarget/$(target)) ) ) $(if $(PKG_HOST_ONLY)$(DUMP),,$(call Build/DefaultTargets,$(1))) endef
tip1
BuidPackage的第一行就是:$(Build/IncludeOverlay),其定义:
define Build/IncludeOverlay $(eval -include $(wildcard $(TOPDIR)/overlay/*/$(PKG_NAME).mk)) define Build/IncludeOverlay endef endef
tip2
其中第9~13行:
ifndef Package/$(1)/description define Package/$(1)/description $(TITLE) endef endif
如果没有定义Package/$(1)/description,那么就以$(TITLE)来定义一个默认的。这里$(1)为 "cpp11-demo"。
tip3
BUILD_PACKAGES += $(1)
将cpp11-demo追加到变量 BUILD_PACKAGES 后面,可能是将来编译的时候需要。
tip4
$(STAMP_PREPARED): $$(if $(QUILT)$(DUMP),,$(call find_library_dependencies,$(DEPENDS)))
如果 $(QUILT)$(DUMP) 都没有定义,那么以$(DEPENDS)为参引用 find_library_dependencies 变量。
其中 find_library_dependencies 定义如下:
find_library_dependencies = $(wildcard $(patsubst %,$(STAGING_DIR)/pkginfo/%.version, $(filter-out $(BUILD_PACKAGES),$(foreach dep, $(filter-out @%, $(patsubst +%,%,$(1))), $(if $(findstring :,$(dep)), $(word 2,$(subst :,$(space),$(dep))), $(dep) ) ))))
博主暂不解释,有点复杂,略过。其功能应该是找出依赖的库。
生成:
XXXX/.prepared : aa bb cc dd
tip5
$(foreach FIELD, TITLE CATEGORY SECTION VERSION, ifeq ($($(FIELD)),) $$(error Package/$(1) is missing the $(FIELD) field) endif )
这几句是判断 FIELD, TITLE, CATEGORY, SECTION, VERSION 这几个变量有没有定义,如果没有定义那就就报错。
tip6
$(if $(DUMP), $(Dumpinfo/Package), $(foreach target, $(if $(Package/$(1)/targets),$(Package/$(1)/targets), $(if $(PKG_TARGETS),$(PKG_TARGETS), ipkg) ), $(BuildTarget/$(target)) ) )
虽然写得有点复杂,但意思是:
将 Package/$(1)/targets 或 PKG_TARGETS 中的每一项或 ipk 作为$(target),引用 $(BuildTarget/$(target))。其中:
BuildTarget/bin 定义在 include/package-bin.mk
BuildTarget/ipk 定义在 include /package-ipk.mk
具体这两个变量的内容博主暂时不去研究。其内容莫非是描述如何生成bin与ipk目标。这里留个引子,下次再研究。
如果没有定义 Package/$(1)/targets 与 PKG_TARGETS,那么上次就默认将ipk作为target,引用 BuildTarget/ipk 变量了。
tip7
$(if $(PKG_HOST_ONLY)$(DUMP),,$(call Build/DefaultTargets,$(1)))
如果没有定义 PKG_HOST_ONLY 与 DUMP,那么这句可以简化为:
$(call Build/DefaultTargets,$(1))
即默认的目标构建。
2. 研究Build/DefaultTargets
如下为 Build/DefaultTargets 的定义:
define Build/DefaultTargets $(if $(QUILT),$(Build/Quilt)) $(if $(USE_SOURCE_DIR)$(USE_GIT_TREE),,$(if $(strip $(PKG_SOURCE_URL)),$(call Download,default))) $(call Build/Autoclean) download: $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Download), $(call $(hook))$(sep) ) $(STAMP_PREPARED) : export PATH=$$(TARGET_PATH_PKG) $(STAMP_PREPARED): @-rm -rf $(PKG_BUILD_DIR) @mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Prepare/Pre),$(call $(hook))$(sep)) $(Build/Prepare) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Prepare/Post),$(call $(hook))$(sep)) touch [email protected] $(call Build/Exports,$(STAMP_CONFIGURED)) $(STAMP_CONFIGURED): $(STAMP_PREPARED) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Configure/Pre),$(call $(hook))$(sep)) $(Build/Configure) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Configure/Post),$(call $(hook))$(sep)) rm -f $(STAMP_CONFIGURED_WILDCARD) touch [email protected] $(call Build/Exports,$(STAMP_BUILT)) $(STAMP_BUILT): $(STAMP_CONFIGURED) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Compile/Pre),$(call $(hook))$(sep)) $(Build/Compile) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Compile/Post),$(call $(hook))$(sep)) $(Build/Install) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/Install/Post),$(call $(hook))$(sep)) touch [email protected] $(STAMP_INSTALLED) : export PATH=$$(TARGET_PATH_PKG) $(STAMP_INSTALLED): $(STAMP_BUILT) $(SUBMAKE) -j1 clean-staging rm -rf $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME) mkdir -p $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME)/host $(STAGING_DIR)/packages $(STAGING_DIR_HOST)/packages $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/InstallDev/Pre), $(call $(hook),$(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME),$(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME)/host)$(sep) ) $(call Build/InstallDev,$(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME),$(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME)/host) $(foreach hook,$(Hooks/InstallDev/Post), $(call $(hook),$(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME),$(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME)/host)$(sep) ) if [ -f $(STAGING_DIR)/packages/$(STAGING_FILES_LIST) ]; then $(SCRIPT_DIR)/clean-package.sh "$(STAGING_DIR)/packages/$(STAGING_FILES_LIST)" "$(STAGING_DIR)"; fi if [ -d $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME) ]; then (cd $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME); find ./ > $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME).files); $(call locked, mv $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME).files $(STAGING_DIR)/packages/$(STAGING_FILES_LIST) && $(CP) $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME)/* $(STAGING_DIR)/; ,staging-dir); fi rm -rf $(TMP_DIR)/stage-$(PKG_NAME) touch [email protected] ifdef Build/InstallDev compile: $(STAMP_INSTALLED) endif define Build/DefaultTargets endef prepare: $(STAMP_PREPARED) configure: $(STAMP_CONFIGURED) dist: $(STAMP_CONFIGURED) distcheck: $(STAMP_CONFIGURED) endef
<明日再续>
结语
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