leetcode || 46、Permutations

problem:

Given a collection of numbers, return all possible permutations.

For example,

[1,2,3] have the following permutations:

[1,2,3][1,3,2][2,1,3][2,3,1][3,1,2],
and [3,2,1].

Hide Tags

Backtracking

题意:给定一个序列,输出其所有的排列组合

thinking:

(1)之前写过求一个序列的下一个排列组合,这里就是应用求下一个排列的函数来输出所有可能的排列组合

(2)也可以调用STL的next_permutation()函数,这里我自己重新实现它

(3)题目标签提示使用回溯法,也可行,采用深度优先搜索算法

code:

dfs方法:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int> > permute(vector<int> &num) {
        vector<vector<int> > ret;
		dfs(ret, num, 0);
		return ret;
    }

	void dfs(vector<vector<int> >& ret, vector<int>& num, int cur)
	{
		if(num.size() == cur)
		{
			ret.push_back(num);
		}
		else
		{
			for(int i = cur; i < num.size(); ++i)
			{
				swap(num[cur], num[i]);
				dfs(ret, num, cur+1);
				swap(num[cur], num[i]);
			}
		}
	}
};

next_permutation方法:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int> > permute(vector<int> &num) {
        vector<vector<int> > ret;
        vector<int> tmp;
        int n = num.size();
        int m=1;
        if(num.size()<2)
        {
            ret.push_back(num);
            return ret;
        }
        sort(num.begin(),num.end());
        while(n)
        {
            m*=n;
            n--;
        }
        ret.push_back(num);//先插入排序好的序列
        for(int i=1;i<m;i++)//m-1个
        {
            tmp = my_next_permutation(num);
            ret.push_back(tmp);
            num=tmp;

        }
        return ret;
    }
protected:
/*
*思路:从后往前比较,比如1-2-3,则直接反转后两位得到1-3-2
*对于1-2-4-3,则从后往前比较,发现2<4,则从后往前寻找第一个大于2的数3,交换得到1-3-4-2,
*       再反转3之后的4-2部分得到:1-3-2-4
*/
    vector<int> my_next_permutation(vector<int> tmp)
    {
        vector<int>::iterator i = tmp.end()-1;
        vector<int>::iterator j=i-1;
        vector<int>::iterator swap=i;
        if(*i>*j)
        {
            iter_swap(i,j);
            return tmp;
        }
        while(i!=tmp.begin() && *j>*i)
        {
            j--;
            i--;
        }
        if(i==tmp.begin())
        {
            reverse(tmp.begin(),tmp.end());
            return tmp;
        }
       while(swap!=j && *swap<=*j)
           swap--;
       iter_swap(j,swap);
       reverse(i,tmp.end());
       return tmp;
    }
};
时间: 2024-08-01 03:37:37

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