C#与USBHID接口的通讯相对于与串口间的通讯较为复杂，其中需要多次调用到Windows的一些API。其原理编者尚未全部理清，以下提供简单的USBHID通讯流程。（参考网友资料）
一、获取所有连接HID的设备信息。
1.通过一个空的GUID来获取HID的全局GUID。
Guid
HIDGuid = Guid.Empty;
///
/// The
HidD_GetHidGuid routine returns the device interface GUID for
HIDClass devices.
///
/// a
caller-allocated GUID buffer that the routine uses to return the
device interface GUID for HIDClass devices.
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
private static extern
void HidD_GetHidGuid(ref Guid
HidGuid);
2.通过获取到的HID全局GUID来获取包含所有HID接口信息集合的句柄。
IntPtr
HIDInfoSet= SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref HIDGuid,0,IntPtr.Zero,DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT|DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
///
/// The
SetupDiGetClassDevs function returns a handle to a device
information set that contains requested device information elements
for a local machine.
///
/// GUID
for a device setup class or a device interface
class.
/// A
pointer to a NULL-terminated string that supplies the name of a PnP
enumerator or a PnP device instance identifier.
/// A
handle of the top-level window to be used for a user
interface
/// A
variable that specifies control options that
filter the device information elements that are added to the device
information set.
///
/// a
handle to a device information set
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern
IntPtr
SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref
Guid ClassGuid, uint Enumerator, IntPtr HwndParent, USBHIDEnum.DIGCF Flags);
相关枚举：
public enum DIGCF
{
DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x00000001,
DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x00000002,
DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x00000004,
DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x00000008,
DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x00000010
}
3.获取接口信息。
///
/// The
SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces function enumerates the device
interfaces that are contained in a device information
set.
///
/// A
pointer to a device information set that contains the device
interfaces for which to return information
/// A
pointer to an SP_DEVINFO_DATA structure that specifies a device
information element in DeviceInfoSet
/// a
GUID that specifies the device interface class for the requested
interface
/// A
zero-based index into the list of interfaces in the device
information set
/// a
caller-allocated buffer that contains a completed
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA structure that identifies an interface
that meets the search parameters
///
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern
Boolean
SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, IntPtr deviceInfoData, ref Guid
interfaceClassGuid, UInt32
memberIndex, ref DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA
deviceInterfaceData);
接口信息定义为：
public struct DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA
{
public int cbSize;
public Guid interfaceClassGuid;
public int flags;
public int reserved;
}
4.获取接口详细信息，在第一次主要是读取缓存信息
int
requiredSize =0;
///
/// The
SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail function returns details about a
device interface.
///
/// A
pointer to the device information set that contains the interface
for which to retrieve details
/// A
pointer to an SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA structure that specifies the
interface in DeviceInfoSet for which to retrieve
details
/// A
pointer to an SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA structure to receive
information about the specified interface
/// The
size of the DeviceInterfaceDetailData buffer
/// A
pointer to a variable that receives the required size of the
DeviceInterfaceDetailData buffer
/// A
pointer buffer to receive information about the device that
supports the requested interface
///
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private static extern
bool
SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, ref DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData,
IntPtr
deviceInterfaceDetailData, int
deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, ref
int requiredSize, DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData);
接口信息定义：
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public class DEVINFO_DATA
{
public int cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(DEVINFO_DATA));
public Guid classGuid = Guid.Empty;
public
int devInst = 0;
public int reserved = 0;
}
5.第二次获取详细信息，与第一相同。
若Windows
API SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail返回数值为true则添加设备信息
ListdeviceList=new List();
deviceList.Add(Marshal.PtrToStringAuto((IntPtr)((int)pDetail + 4)));
6.删除设备信息并释放内存。
///
/// The
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList function deletes a device information
set and frees all associated memory.
///
/// A
handle to the device information set to delete.
/// returns TRUE if it is successful. Otherwise, it
returns FALSE
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern
Boolean
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr HIDInfoSet);
到此便获取到所有的设备。
二、通过获取到的设备信息打开指定的HID设备。
1.创建，打开设备信息。
///
/// This
function creates, opens, or truncates a file, COM port, device,
service, or console.
///
/// a
null-terminated string that specifies the name of the
object
/// Type
of access to the object
/// Share
mode for object
/// Ignored; set to NULL
/// Action to take on files that exist, and which action
to take when files do not exist
/// File
attributes and flags for the file
/// Ignored
/// An
open handle to the specified file indicates
success
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
//private static extern IntPtr
CreateFile(string fileName, uint desiredAccess, uint shareMode,
uint securityAttributes, uint creationDisposition, uint
flagsAndAttributes, uint templateFile);
static extern IntPtr CreateFile(
string
FileName,
//
文件名
uint
DesiredAccess,
//
访问模式
uint
ShareMode,
//
共享模式
uint
SecurityAttributes,
//
安全属性
uint
CreationDisposition,
//
如何创建
uint
FlagsAndAttributes,
//
文件属性
int
hTemplateFile
//
模板文件的句柄
);
其中文件名为相对应的设备名deviceList[index]
2.获取设备属性
///
/// The
HidD_GetAttributes routine returns the attributes of a specified
top-level collection.
///
/// Specifies an open handle to a top-level
collection
/// a
caller-allocated HIDD_ATTRIBUTES structure that returns the
attributes of the collection specified by
HidDeviceObject
///
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
private static extern
Boolean
HidD_GetAttributes(IntPtr
hidDevice, out HID_ATTRIBUTES attributes);
相关HID属性：
public struct
HID_ATTRIBUTES
{
public int Size;
public ushort VendorID;
public ushort ProductID;
public ushort VersionNumber;
}
3.Get PreparsedData
///
/// The
HidD_GetPreparsedData routine returns a top-level collection‘s
preparsed data.
///
/// Specifies an open handle to a top-level
collection.
/// Pointer to the address of a routine-allocated buffer
that contains a collection‘s preparsed data in a
_HIDP_PREPARSED_DATA structure.
/// HidD_GetPreparsedData returns TRUE if it succeeds;
otherwise, it returns FALSE.
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
private static extern
Boolean
HidD_GetPreparsedData(IntPtr
hidDeviceObject, out IntPtr PreparsedData);
4. GetCaps
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
private static extern
uint HidP_GetCaps(IntPtr PreparsedData, out HIDP_CAPS Capabilities);
5. FreePreparsedData
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
private static extern
Boolean
HidD_FreePreparsedData(IntPtr
PreparsedData);
6.获取长度：
outputReportLength = caps.OutputReportByteLength;
inputReportLength = caps.InputReportByteLength;
7.最终得到相应的设备
hidDevice = new FileStream(new SafeFileHandle(device, false), FileAccess.ReadWrite, inputReportLength,
true);
三、设备读取，写入
通过最终获取到的设备可对设备进行读取和写入。
BeginRead，Read，Write，BeginWrite等。
以上便能实现对想要的USBHID设备进行简单的操作。
简单串口例子：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6267db160102v53m.html
示例代码下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/zhezizhang/8155795