二进制安装K8S集群

centos linux7.5

cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.199.221 master
192.168.199.222 node1
192.168.199.223 node2
EOF

1、关闭防火墙、关闭selinux、关闭swapoff -a

systemctl stop firewalld
selinux=disabled
swapoff -a

2、安装docker

1)常用方法

a、配置yum源
阿里镜像源
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Docker官方镜像源
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
b、安装docker
显示docker-ce所有可安装版本：
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
安装指定docker版本
yum install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 -y
设置镜像存储目录
找到大点的挂载的目录进行存储
# 修改docker配置
vi /lib/systemd/system/docker.service

找到这行，王后面加上存储目录，例如这里是 --graph /apps/docker （此处也可以另外建一个文件去指定，详细参考下面方法）
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker --graph /apps/docker
启动docker并设置docker开机启动
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

2)本地rpm包安装

a)下载地址
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/
17版本请把docker-ce-selinux也一起下载
b、创建挂在目录以及阿里源的文件
mkdir -p /data/docker-root
mkdir -p /etc/docker
touch /etc/docker/daemon.json
chmod 700 /etc/docker/daemon.json
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"graph":"/data/docker-root",
"registry-mirrors": ["https://7bezldxe.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
c、安装docker
yum localinstall ./docker* -y
启动docker并设置docker开机启动
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

3)二进制安装

a)下载地址
二进制包下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/
b)解压安装
tar zxvf docker-18.09.6.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
mkdir /etc/docker
mkdir -p /data/docker-root
mv daemon.json /etc/docker
mv docker.service /usr/lib/systemd/system
启动docker并设置docker开机启动
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
c)涉及到的daemon.json和docker.service的文件内容
为了配置docker的目录和docker改为systemd以及阿里源
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"graph":"/data/docker-root",
"registry-mirrors": ["https://7bezldxe.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

为了设置命令启动的
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network.target firewalld.service

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3、安装cfssl工具（任何一个主机）：

证书 openssl 麻烦点 cfssl简单点

mkdir -p /usr/local/ssl
cd /usr/local/ssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*

4、生成etcd证书

首先创建三个文件

vi ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}

vi ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}

vi etcd-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.200.221",
"192.168.200.222",
"192.168.200.223"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}

执行命令

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd

就会生成ca-key.pem ca.pem server-key.pem server.pem这几个文件

5、部署etcd(三个节点)

二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/tag/v3.3.18

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.18/etcd-v3.3.18-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.3.18-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
cp etcd etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/
cp /usr/local/ssl/etcd/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
chmod +x /opt/etcd/bin/*

# vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.200.221:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.200.221:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.200.221:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.200.221:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.200.221:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.200.222:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.200.223:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

# 注意修改每个节点的对应IP和etcd_name

# 启动文件

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd --name=${ETCD_NAME} --data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} --listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} --listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} --initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} --initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} --initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} --initial-cluster-state=new --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

cd /opt

scp -r etcd [email protected]192.168.200.222:/opt/
scp -r etcd [email protected]192.168.200.223:/opt/

启动并查看集群状态

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

cd /opt/etcd/ssl
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=etcd.pem --key-file=etcd-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.200.221:2379,https://192.168.200.222:2379,https://192.168.200.223:2379" cluster-health

最后会提示health

6、生成apiserver证书

首先建4个文件

vi ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}

vi ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}

vi server-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local",
"192.168.200.221",
"192.168.200.222",
"192.168.200.223",
"192.168.200.224",
"192.168.200.225"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}

vi kube-proxy-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}

执行命令

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

生成如下文件：ca-key.pem ca.pem kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem server-key.pem server.pem

7、部署apiserver，controller-manager和scheduler

下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/

wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.16.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# (我竟然下载不下来，我用原来的软件包)
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

# 三个启动脚本

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin/
chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/*
cp *.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --etcd-servers=https://192.168.200.221:2379,https://192.168.200.222:2379,https://192.168.200.223:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.200.221 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.200.221 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=3 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --leader-elect=true --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --address=127.0.0.1 --allocate-node-cidrs=true --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --leader-elect --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

启动

systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

# 给kubelet-bootstrap授权：

/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

# token也可自行生成替换：

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ‘ ‘

注意 apiserver配置的token必须要与node节点bootstrap.kubeconfig配置里一致。

8、部署node节点：kubelet kube-proxy

启动脚本

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Before=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig << EOF
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
server: https://192.168.200.221:6443
name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
cluster: kubernetes
user: kubelet-bootstrap
name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubelet-bootstrap
user:
token: c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940
EOF

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig << EOF
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
server: https://192.168.200.221:6443
name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
cluster: kubernetes
user: kube-proxy
name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kube-proxy
user:
client-certificate: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem
client-key: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem
EOF

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --hostname-override=master --network-plugin=cni --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml --cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl --pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
address: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
scheduler: "rr"
iptables:
masqueradeAll: true
EOF

scp ca.pem kube-proxy.pem kube-proxy-key.pem [email protected]192.168.200.221:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp ca.pem kube-proxy.pem kube-proxy-key.pem [email protected]192.168.200.222:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp ca.pem kube-proxy.pem kube-proxy-key.pem [email protected]192.168.200.223:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/

scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]192.168.200.221:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]192.168.200.222:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]192.168.200.223:/opt/kubernetes/bin/

启动

systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy

允许给Node颁发证书

kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-MYUxbmf_nmPQjmH3LkbZRL2uTO-_FCzDQUoUfTy7YjI
kubectl get node

9、 部署CNI网络

二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases

mkdir /opt/cni/bin /etc/cni/net.d -p
cd /opt/cni/bin
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.3/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.3.tgz
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.2.tgz –C /opt/cni/bin
scp * [email protected]192.168.200.221:/opt/cni/bin
scp * [email protected]192.168.200.222:/opt/cni/bin
scp * [email protected]192.168.200.223:/opt/cni/bin

确保kubelet启用CNI：

cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--network-plugin=cni

在Master执行：
在这个地址找到flannel如下命令https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/
kubectl apply –f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/2140ac876ef134e0ed5af15c65e414cf26827915/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
此处我已经下载下来了，因为我要确保这个文件里的 "Network": "10.244.0.0/16"IP内容与下面配置文件一致
cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/2140ac876ef134e0ed5af15c65e414cf26827915/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply –f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-8crzv 1/1 Running 0 5m37s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-8mp47 1/1 Running 0 5m37s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ngkrr 1/1 Running 0 5m37s

10、 授权apiserver访问kubelet

为提供安全性，kubelet禁止匿名访问，必须授权才可以。

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml
……
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
……
下载地址https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/release-1.16/cluster/addons/rbac/kubelet-api-auth
两个合并

kubectl apply –f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

提供一个apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml参考

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes

11. 部署Web UI和DNS

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta4/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

提供一个recommended.yaml参考

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update ‘kubernetes-dashboard-settings‘ config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

网页登陆用token：创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色：

# cat dashboard-adminuser.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

获取token：

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk ‘{print $1}‘)

访问地址：http://NodeIP:30001使用输出的token登录Dashboard。

coredns下载地址https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/addons/dns/coredns/
建议下载下来，然后修改里面的image地址，否则拉取不动

kubectl apply –f coredns.yaml

提供一个coredns参考

# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
            pods insecure
            upstream
            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        proxy . /etc/resolv.conf
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
  # 2. Default is 1.
  # 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: ‘docker/default‘
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: lizhenliang/coredns:1.2.2
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.0.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP

 kubectl get pods -n kube-system

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/galengao/p/11957989.html