一、主机型号
[[email protected] ~]# dmidecode | grep "Product Name"
[[email protected] ~]# dmidecode | grep -i "product name"
Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform
Product Name: 440BX Desktop Reference Platform
二、查看CPU型号
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "model name"
[[email protected] ~]# grep -i "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6200U CPU @ 2.30GHz
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "model name" && cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "physical id"
说明：Linux下可以在/proc/cpuinfo中看到每个cpu的详细信息。但是对于双核的cpu，在cpuinfo中会看到两个cpu。常常会让人误以为是两个单核的cpu。
其实应该通过Physical Processor ID来区分单核和双核。而Physical Processor ID可以从cpuinfo或者dmesg中找到. flags 如果有 ht 说明支持超线程技术 判断物理CPU的个数可以查看physical id 的值，相同则为
三、查看CPU信息
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 78
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6200U CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2399.997
cache size : 3072 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc up arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dts fsgsbase smep
bogomips : 4799.99
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
四、内存大小（总量）
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/meminfo |grep MemTotal
[[email protected]_TEST_201 ~]# grep -i "memtotal" /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1020296 kB
五、查看空闲内存
[[email protected] ~]# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo（不是全部的free mem）
MemFree: 218748 kB
[[email protected]_TEST_201 ~]# free |grep buffer|sed '1d'|awk '{print $4}'（这是实际的free mem）
628732
六、硬盘大小
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l |grep Disk
[[email protected]_TEST_201 ~]# fdisk -l|grep -i "disk"
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c15de
七、查看内核/操作系统信息的linux系统信息命令
[[email protected]_TEST_201 ~]# uname
Linux
[[email protected] ~]# uname -a
Linux ycl201 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
LSB（Linux Standards Base）
红帽企业级Linux 6(代号Santiago)
[[email protected] ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)
Release: 6.5
Codename: Santiago
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)
八、Linux文件系统
suse的文件系统是XFS（XFS 特别擅长处理大文件，同时提供平滑的数据传输）
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 1 04:27:19 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=52e6ed3f-6bb8-42ef-94c0-92b3a79d528d / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=37ec7bb3-0219-4e18-854e-1659cfdb97c9 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=150cb11d-ae64-4eae-a063-2c52c867fefa swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
九、操作系统版本
[[email protected] ~]# head -n 1 /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013
十、查看环境信息
[[email protected] ~]# env
HOSTNAME=ycl201
SHELL=/bin/bash
TERM=vt100
HISTSIZE=1000
QTDIR=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3
QTINC=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/include
USER=root
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.axa=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:
MAIL=/var/spool/mail/root
PATH=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
PWD=/root
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass
HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
SHLVL=1
HOME=/root
LOGNAME=root
QTLIB=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/lib
CVS_RSH=ssh
LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s
G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1
_=/bin/env
十一、内存和swap的使用情况
[[email protected] ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 996 782 214 0 86 316
-/+ buffers/cache: 378 617
Swap: 2047 0 2047
十二、查看所有的swap区
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda2 partition 2097144 0 -1
十三、查看各分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c15de
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 52 409600 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 52 313 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 313 2611 18463744 83 Linux
十四、查看各分区使用情况
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 5.3G 12G 32% /
tmpfs 499M 32M 468M 7% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 388M 35M 334M 10% /boot
十五、查看指定目录的大小
[[email protected] ~]# du -sh /opt/
306M /opt/
十六、查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载
[[email protected] ~]# uptime
22:23:43 up 2:53, 1 user, load average: 0.07, 0.02, 0.00
十七、查看磁盘参数（仅用于IDE设备）
[[email protected] ~]# hdparm -i /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Model=VMware Virtual IDE Hard Drive, FwRev=00000001, SerialNo=00000000000000000001
Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec SpinMotCtl Fixed DTR>5Mbs FmtGapReq }
RawCHS=16383/15/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=0
BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=32kB, MaxMultSect=64, MultSect=16
CurCHS=17475/15/63, CurSects=16513875, LBA=yes, LBAsects=41943040
IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:160,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 *udma2
AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255)
Drive conforms to: ATA/ATAPI-4 T13 1153D revision 17: ATA/ATAPI-1,2,3,4
* signifies the current active mode
十八、查看所有的网络接口属性
[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:70:CE:8F
inet addr:192.168.46.201 Bcast:192.168.46.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe70:ce8f/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:154408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:73298 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:118163696 (112.6 MiB) TX bytes:7821839 (7.4 MiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:20696 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:20696 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2008135 (1.9 MiB) TX bytes:2008135 (1.9 MiB)
virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:7A:33:B5
inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
十九、查看防火墙设置
[[email protected]_TEST_201 ~]# service iptables status
[[email protected] ~]# iptables -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:domain
ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:bootps
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:bootps
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT all -- 192.168.122.0/24 anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
二十、查看路由表
[[email protected] ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.46.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth1
0.0.0.0 192.168.46.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
二十一、查看所有的监听端口
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6957 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4345/python
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1296/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1875/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1534/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1411/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1614/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4175/gbased
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6268 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4298/gcrecover
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2812 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1796/monit
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:35490 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1341/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5288 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4291/gc_sync_server
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5258 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4216/gclusterd
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1296/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1534/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1411/cupsd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1614/master
tcp 0 0 :::23773 :::* LISTEN 1341/rpc.statd
二十二、查看网络统计信息进程
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -s
Ip:
174414 total packets received
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
174414 incoming packets delivered
99748 requests sent out
Icmp:
125 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
destination unreachable: 125
95 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
destination unreachable: 95查看sshd进程
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep sshd
root 1534 1 0 19:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root 2547 1534 0 19:33 ? 00:00:01 sshd: [email protected]/0
root 4075 1534 0 20:53 ? 00:00:03 sshd: [email protected]
root 5633 4549 0 22:36 pts/0 00:00:00 grep sshd
附录
top # 实时显示进程状态用户
w # 查看活动用户（who是w的缩写）
id # 查看指定用户信息
last # 查看用户登录日志
cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd|sort|uniq # 查看系统所有用户
cut -d: -f1 /etc/group|sort|uniq # 查看系统所有组
crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务服务
chkconfig –list # 列出所有系统服务
chkconfig –list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务程序
rpm -qa # 查看所有安装的软件包
cat /proc/cpuinfo ：查看CPU相关参数的linux系统命令
cat /proc/partitions ：查看linux硬盘和分区信息的系统信息命令
cat /proc/meminfo ：查看linux系统内存信息的linux系统命令
cat /proc/version ：查看版本，类似uname -r
cat /proc/ioports ：查看设备io端口
cat /proc/interrupts ：查看中断
cat /proc/pci ：查看pci设备的信息
cat /proc/swaps ：查看所有swap分区的信息
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/12942223/2134014