Windows下Redis安装和使用

最近学习数据缓存技术，在网上搜索了一下，发现JAVA缓存技术比较流行的有Redis和memcached等，出于学习的目的，这里不做他们的比较。

这篇博客主要介绍缓存技术中的一种Redis的安装和使用.

一、下载Redis for windows

在网络中搜索Redis fow windows,就可以下载Redis的压缩包。解压包。

会发现其中有32位和64位的不同版本的包，根据需要，使用对应的压缩包即可。

二、解压

我使用的是redisbin_x64.zip的压缩包，将其解压到redis的文件夹中。

解压之后，会发现内容只有一些.exe的文件。到这里，redis就算做好了一般了。

三、配置

在redis下新建一个conf的文件夹，并创建 redis.conf 文本文件。将一下内容复制到配置文件中。

# Redis configuration file example

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# 是否以后台进程的形式运行，默认为no
daemonize no

# When run as a daemon, Redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
# You can specify a custom pid file location here.
# 如果指定以后台形式执行，则需要指定一个pid文件
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379
#监听端口号
port 6379

# If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
# specified all the interfaces will listen for connections.
# 绑定主机IP
# bind 127.0.0.1

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
# 客户端空闲超时时间，设置为0，则没有超时。过了空闲时间，则会将客户端的连接关闭
timeout 300

# Set server verbosity to 'debug'
# it can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
# 日志记录等级
loglevel debug

# Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
# the demon to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
# 日志记录方式
logfile stdout

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
# 可用数据库数目
databases 16

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
# 存储到本地数据库时，是否需要压缩数据
rdbcompression yes

# The filename where to dump the DB
#本地数据名称
dbfilename dump.rdb

# For default save/load DB in/from the working directory
# Note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
# 本地数据库存放路径
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
# 当该服务为从服务时，设置主服务的ip地址和端口号
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
# 当该服务为从服务时，设置主服务的连接密码
#
# masterauth <master-password>

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
# 连接密码
#
# requirepass foobared

################################### LIMITS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there
# is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
# is able to open. The special value '0' means no limts.
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
# 最大客户端连接数，默认不设置
#
# maxclients 128

# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
# EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
# Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
#
# If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
#
# WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
# 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
# to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
# 设置最大内存，达到最大内存设置后，Redis线尝试清楚已到期或即将到期的key,当此方法处理后，达到最大内存设置，将不能在进行写入操作。
#
# maxmemory <bytes>

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live
# with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash
# happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot
# about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
# enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append
# every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. This file will
# be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
#
# Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
# like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
#
# The name of the append only file is "appendonly.log"
#
# IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
# log file in background when it gets too big.
# 设置Redis服务器在每次操作完成后，是否更新日志操作，如果关闭，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失，
# 因为Redis本身同步数据文件是按照上面的save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内存储于内存中。

appendonly no

# 更新日志文件名
# appendfilename appendonly.aof

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.
#
# The default is "always" that's the safer of the options. It's up to you to
# understand if you can relax this to "everysec" that will fsync every second
# or to "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it want, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting).
# 更新日志条件,有三个可选值:

appendfsync always
# appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
# single TCP packet. Uses a bit more CPU but most of the times it is a win
# in terms of number of queries per second. Use 'yes' if unsure.
#glueoutputbuf yes

# Use object sharing. Can save a lot of memory if you have many common
# string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
# pool so it uses more CPU and can be a bit slower. Usually it's a good
# idea.
#
# When object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
# shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
# object sharing. A bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
# In general you want this value to be at least the double of the number of
# very common strings you have in your dataset.
#
# WARNING: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this feature
# in production before of Redis 1.0-stable. Still please try this feature in
# your development environment so that we can test it better.

# shareobjects no
# shareobjectspoolsize 1024 

# 是否使用虚拟内存
#vm-enabled no;

# 虚拟内存文件路径,不能多个redis共享
# vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap

# 将所有大于vm-max-memory 的数据存入虚拟内存。无论vm-max-memory值大小，所有的索引数据都是内存数据。
# 如果将vm-max-memory设置为0，则所有的数据都存放在磁盘。
# vm-max-memory 0

四、启动redis服务器

使用一下命令启动 redis服务器。

redis-server.exe conf/redis.conf

启动成功之后，你会看到如下的提示:

五、连接redis服务器

使用redis自带的命令，能够连接服务器。

redis-cli.exe -h localhost -p 6379

连接成功之后，会提示以下内容:

这个时候，你就能够使用redis的一下指令操作数据。其他指令，请在网上具体查看一下。