Android异步处理三：Handler+Looper+MessageQueue深入详解

Android Loop&Handle学习总结 - New Start - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET

?????? 昨晚偷懒，这篇博客只写了一个标题，今天早晨一看，还有15的阅读量。实在是对不起那些同学.......换了是我，也会BS这样的LZ吧!sorry 啦

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

?????? 菜鸟我刚刚接触android源码的时候，当时连java语言都不太熟悉（菜鸟我一直是学C/C++），看到android某个应用的源码的时候，曾为这样的代码迷惑过。

?

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. private?class?MainHandler?extends?Handler?{??
2. ????????@Override??
3. ????????public?void?handleMessage(Message?msg)?{??
4. ????????????switch?(msg.what)?{??
5. ????????????????case?RESTART_PREVIEW:?{??
6. ????????????????????restartPreview();??
7. ????????????????????if?(mJpegPictureCallbackTime?!=?0)?{??
8. ????????????????????????long?now?=?System.currentTimeMillis();??
9. ????????????????????????mJpegCallbackFinishTime?=?now?-?mJpegPictureCallbackTime;??
10. ????????????????????????Log.v(TAG,?"mJpegCallbackFinishTime?=?"??
11. ????????????????????????????????+?mJpegCallbackFinishTime?+?"ms");??
12. ????????????????????????mJpegPictureCallbackTime?=?0;??
13. ????????????????????}??
14. ????????????????????break;??
15. ????????????????}??
16. ??
17. ????????????????...??

private class MainHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case RESTART_PREVIEW: {
                    restartPreview();
                    if (mJpegPictureCallbackTime != 0) {
                        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        mJpegCallbackFinishTime = now - mJpegPictureCallbackTime;
                        Log.v(TAG, "mJpegCallbackFinishTime = "
                                + mJpegCallbackFinishTime + "ms");
                        mJpegPictureCallbackTime = 0;
                    }
                    break;
                }

  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ...

??????? 在同一个文件中不就是想调用restartPreview()函数吗？为什么不直接调用就好，还要发个消息然后在这个handleMessage()中来调用呢？初学菜鸟有没有同样的困惑？还是只有LZ一人太白痴了。

???? 那么到底为什么要这么做呢。是为了异步，是为了多线程，将一些耗时的操作放到一个子线程里面去，大家应该知道如果在android的应用程序主线程，也就是UI线程里面如果执行耗时操作超过5s就会报ANR（application not respon）错误。所以，为了避免ANR，android应用程序将一些耗时操作放到一个独立的工作线程中去。

????? 那么android是如何做到这点的呢？那个新的工作线程又是如何建立的？这就是android中Looper和Handler类的功劳。下面菜鸟来分析下首先看个类图：

? ? ??

?????? 从这个图看到Handler和HandlerThread类都有一个Looper成员变量。而且，Handler和Looper都有成员变量MessageQueue，下面我们看看Looper类和Handler类的作用。

Looper：

?????? Looper类，来实现消息循环，内部有一个消息队列。看到Looper类的构造函数是private的，这样外部没法实例化Looper对象，Looper对象的构造只能通过Looper的内部接口，来看一段函数:?

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. /**?Initialize?the?current?thread?as?a?looper.?
2. ??????*?This?gives?you?a?chance?to?create?handlers?that?then?reference?
3. ??????*?this?looper,?before?actually?starting?the?loop.?Be?sure?to?call?
4. ??????*?{@link?#loop()}?after?calling?this?method,?and?end?it?by?calling?
5. ??????*?{@link?#quit()}.?
6. ??????*/??
7. ????public?static?final?void?prepare()?{??
8. ????????if?(sThreadLocal.get()?!=?null)?{??
9. ????????????throw?new?RuntimeException("Only?one?Looper?may?be?created?per?thread");??
10. ????????}??
11. ????????sThreadLocal.set(new?Looper());??
12. ????}??
13. ??????
14. ????/**?Initialize?the?current?thread?as?a?looper,?marking?it?as?an?application‘s?main??
15. ?????*??looper.?The?main?looper?for?your?application?is?created?by?the?Android?environment,?
16. ?????*??so?you?should?never?need?to?call?this?function?yourself.?
17. ?????*?{@link?#prepare()}?
18. ?????*/??
19. ???????
20. ????public?static?final?void?prepareMainLooper()?{??
21. ????????prepare();??
22. ????????setMainLooper(myLooper());??
23. ????????if?(Process.supportsProcesses())?{??
24. ????????????myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed?=?false;??
25. ????????}??
26. ????}??

/** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
      * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
      * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
      * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
      * {@link #quit()}.
      */
    public static final void prepare() {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
    }

    /** Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an application‘s main
     *  looper. The main looper for your application is created by the Android environment,
     *  so you should never need to call this function yourself.
     * {@link #prepare()}
     */

    public static final void prepareMainLooper() {
        prepare();
        setMainLooper(myLooper());
        if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {
            myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false;
        }
    }

??????? 其中函数prepareMainLooper()函数只在ActivityThread.java的main()函数中被调用过。这个prepareMainLooper()的作用保证每个调用线程都有一个Looper对象，这样应用程序的主线程就有一个Looper对象了，so应用程序主线程的消息循环建立了。

??????? 看看，perpare()函数中，有这样一句话?sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());其中sThreadLocal是一个ThreadLocal类型的变量。ThreadLocal表示这是一个线程的局部变量，google之看到下面这段解释。

??????? Implements a thread-local storage, that is, a variable for which each thread has its own value. All threads share the sameThreadLocal object, but each sees a different value when accessing it, and changes
made by one thread do not affect the other threads. The implementation supportsnull values.

?????? 菜鸟斗胆来翻译下，ThreadLocal实现了一种线程的局部存储，ThreadLocal代表一种线程局部变量，对于这种变量来说ThreadLocal保证每个线程都有一个独立的值(value)，所有线程都共有一个ThreadLocal对象，但是每个线程在访问这些变量的时候能得到不同的值，每个线程可以更改这些变量并且不会影响其他的线程。ThreadLocal支持NULL值。/*那位大牛有更好的翻译，分享下呗*/

?????? 其中ThreadLocal开放了两个接口：

???????????public Tget()：获取调用线程的局部变量

?????? public void set(T value) ：设置调用线程的局部变量

?????? perpare()函数的这种处理方式保证在每个调用该函数的线程都有一个独立的Looper对象。

??????

Handler：????

?????? Handler的作用是处理消息，他封装了消息的投递和对消息的处理。通过上面的图可以看到Handler类有一个Looper和MessageQueue成员变量，Handler类有4个不同的构造函数如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. public?Handler()?{??
2. ????????if?(FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS)?{??
3. ????????????final?Class<??extends?Handler>?klass?=?getClass();??
4. ????????????if?((klass.isAnonymousClass()?||?klass.isMemberClass()?||?klass.isLocalClass())?&&??
5. ????????????????????(klass.getModifiers()?&?Modifier.STATIC)?==?0)?{??
6. ????????????????Log.w(TAG,?"The?following?Handler?class?should?be?static?or?leaks?might?occur:?"?+??
7. ????????????????????klass.getCanonicalName());??
8. ????????????}??
9. ????????}??
10. ????????<span?style="color:#000000;">/*Handler默认的构造函数，使用当前线程（调用线程）的Looper对象给Handler成员变量mLooper赋值*/</span>???
11. ????????mLooper?=?Looper.myLooper();??
12. ????????if?(mLooper?==?null)?{??
13. ????????????throw?new?RuntimeException(??
14. ????????????????"Can‘t?create?handler?inside?thread?that?has?not?called?Looper.prepare()");??
15. ????????}??
16. ????????<span?style="color:#000000;">/*使用当前线程（调用线程）的消息队列给Handler的mQueue赋值*/</span>??
17. ????????mQueue?=?mLooper.mQueue;??
18. ????????mCallback?=?null;??
19. ????}??
20. ??
21. ????/**?
22. ?????*?Constructor?associates?this?handler?with?the?queue?for?the?
23. ?????*?current?thread?and?takes?a?callback?interface?in?which?you?can?handle?
24. ?????*?messages.?
25. ?????*/??
26. ????public?Handler(Callback?callback)?{??
27. ????????if?(FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS)?{??
28. ????????????final?Class<??extends?Handler>?klass?=?getClass();??
29. ????????????if?((klass.isAnonymousClass()?||?klass.isMemberClass()?||?klass.isLocalClass())?&&??
30. ????????????????????(klass.getModifiers()?&?Modifier.STATIC)?==?0)?{??
31. ????????????????Log.w(TAG,?"The?following?Handler?class?should?be?static?or?leaks?might?occur:?"?+??
32. ????????????????????klass.getCanonicalName());??
33. ????????????}??
34. ????????}??
35. ??
36. ????????mLooper?=?Looper.myLooper();??
37. ????????if?(mLooper?==?null)?{??
38. ????????????throw?new?RuntimeException(??
39. ????????????????"Can‘t?create?handler?inside?thread?that?has?not?called?Looper.prepare()");??
40. ????????}??
41. ????????mQueue?=?mLooper.mQueue;??
42. ????????<span?style="color:#000000;">/*跟默认构造函数差不多，只不过带了一个callback*/</span>??
43. ????????mCallback?=?callback;??
44. ????}??
45. ??
46. ????/**?
47. ?????*?Use?the?provided?queue?instead?of?the?default?one.?
48. ?????*/??
49. ????public?Handler(Looper?looper)?{??
50. ????????<span?style="color:#000000;">/*使用指定的Looper来给Handler类的mLooper赋值*/</span>??
51. ????????mLooper?=?looper;??
52. ????????mQueue?=?looper.mQueue;??
53. ????????mCallback?=?null;??
54. ????}??
55. ??
56. ????/**?
57. ?????*?Use?the?provided?queue?instead?of?the?default?one?and?take?a?callback?
58. ?????*?interface?in?which?to?handle?messages.?
59. ?????*/??
60. ????public?Handler(Looper?looper,?Callback?callback)?{??
61. ????????<span?style="color:#000000;">/*使用指定的Looper和CallBack来初始化Handler*/</span>??
62. ????????mLooper?=?looper;??
63. ????????mQueue?=?looper.mQueue;??
64. ????????mCallback?=?callback;??
65. ????}??

public Handler() {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }
? ? ? ? /*Handler默认的构造函数，使用当前线程（调用线程）的Looper对象给Handler成员变量mLooper赋值*/
        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can‘t create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
? ? ? ? /*使用当前线程（调用线程）的消息队列给Handler的mQueue赋值*/
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = null;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor associates this handler with the queue for the
     * current thread and takes a callback interface in which you can handle
     * messages.
     */
    public Handler(Callback callback) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can‘t create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
? ? ? ? /*跟默认构造函数差不多，只不过带了一个callback*/
        mCallback = callback;
    }

    /**
     * Use the provided queue instead of the default one.
     */
    public Handler(Looper looper) {
? ? ? ? /*使用指定的Looper来给Handler类的mLooper赋值*/
        mLooper = looper;
        mQueue = looper.mQueue;
        mCallback = null;
    }

    /**
     * Use the provided queue instead of the default one and take a callback
     * interface in which to handle messages.
     */
    public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
? ? ? ? /*使用指定的Looper和CallBack来初始化Handler*/
        mLooper = looper;
        mQueue = looper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
    }

?????

?????? 可以看到Handler类的成员变量MessageQueue mQueue都会指向Looper类的的MessageQueue，Handler为什么要这么做呢？

????? 下面看看Handler类提供那些接口：

sendEmptyMessage

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. public?final?Message?obtainMessage(int?what)??
2. ????{??
3. ????????return?Message.obtain(this,?what);??
4. ????}??
5. ??
6. /**?
7. ?????*?Handle?system?messages?here.?
8. ?????*/??
9. ????public?void?dispatchMessage(Message?msg)?{??
10. ????????if?(msg.callback?!=?null)?{??
11. ????????????handleCallback(msg);??
12. ????????}?else?{??
13. ????????????if?(mCallback?!=?null)?{??
14. ????????????????if?(mCallback.handleMessage(msg))?{??
15. ????????????????????return;??
16. ????????????????}??
17. ????????????}??
18. ????????????handleMessage(msg);??
19. ????????}??
20. ????}??
21. ??
22. /**?
23. ?????*?Sends?a?Message?containing?only?the?what?value.?
24. ?????*???
25. ?????*[email protected]?Returns?true?if?the?message?was?successfully?placed?in?to?the??
26. ?????*?????????message?queue.??Returns?false?on?failure,?usually?because?the?
27. ?????*?????????looper?processing?the?message?queue?is?exiting.?
28. ?????*/??
29. ????public?final?boolean?sendEmptyMessage(int?what)??
30. ????{??
31. ????????return?sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what,?0);??
32. ????}??
33. ??
34. /**?
35. ?????*?Remove?any?pending?posts?of?messages?with?code?‘what‘?that?are?in?the?
36. ?????*?message?queue.?
37. ?????*/??
38. ????public?final?void?removeMessages(int?what)?{??
39. ????????mQueue.removeMessages(this,?what,?null,?true);??
40. ????}??
41. ??
42. ?????/**?
43. ?????*<span?style="color:#ff0000;">注意这个函数，函数将有子类实现</span>?
44. ?????*?Subclasses?must?implement?this?to?receive?messages.?
45. ?????*/??
46. ????public?void?handleMessage(Message?msg)?{??
47. ????}??

public final Message obtainMessage(int what)
    {
        return Message.obtain(this, what);
    }

/**
     * Handle system messages here.
     */
    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

/**
     * Sends a Message containing only the what value.
     *
     * @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the
     *         message queue.  Returns false on failure, usually because the
     *         looper processing the message queue is exiting.
     */
    public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
    {
        return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
    }

/**
     * Remove any pending posts of messages with code ‘what‘ that are in the
     * message queue.
     */
    public final void removeMessages(int what) {
        mQueue.removeMessages(this, what, null, true);
    }

? ? ?/**
? ? ?*注意这个函数，函数将有子类实现
     * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages.
     */
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    }

??????? 其中sendMessage函数都会调用到sendMessageAtTime函数，下面看下sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)函数的实现

?

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. public?boolean?sendMessageAtTime(Message?msg,?long?uptimeMillis)??
2. ????{??
3. ????????boolean?sent?=?false;??
4. ????????MessageQueue?queue?=?mQueue;??
5. ????????if?(queue?!=?null)?{??
6. ????????????<span?style="color:#ff0000;">/*看到Message的target变量指向当前这个Handler类*/</span>??
7. ????????????msg.target?=?this;??
8. ????????????sent?=?queue.enqueueMessage(msg,?uptimeMillis);??
9. ????????}??
10. ????????else?{??
11. ????????????RuntimeException?e?=?new?RuntimeException(??
12. ????????????????this?+?"?sendMessageAtTime()?called?with?no?mQueue");??
13. ????????????Log.w("Looper",?e.getMessage(),?e);??
14. ????????}??
15. ????????return?sent;??
16. ????}??

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)
    {
        boolean sent = false;
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue != null) {
? ? ? ? ? ? /*看到Message的target变量指向当前这个Handler类*/
            msg.target = this;
            sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
        }
        else {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        return sent;
    }

?????? msg.target指明了这个msg将有谁来处理，在这里msg.target=this，Handler类除了封装消息添加外还封装了消息处理的接口。

Looper和Handler的联系：

?????????? 本菜鸟不才不知道上面的分析有没有错误，有没有让很多初学者犯迷糊，下面我将分析以下Looper和Handler类的联系，希望可以把上面的知识点串联起来。

?????????? 当调用Looper类的loop()函数的时候当前线程就进入到一个消息循环中去。看看这个loop()@Looper.java函数先.

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. <span?style="font-size:18px;">/**?
2. ?????*??Run?the?message?queue?in?this?thread.?Be?sure?to?call?
3. ?????*?{@link?#quit()}?to?end?the?loop.?
4. ?????*/??
5. ????public?static?final?void?loop()?{??
6. ????????Looper?me?=?myLooper();??
7. ????????MessageQueue?queue?=?me.mQueue;??
8. ??????????
9. ????????//?Make?sure?the?identity?of?this?thread?is?that?of?the?local?process,??
10. ????????//?and?keep?track?of?what?that?identity?token?actually?is.??
11. ????????Binder.clearCallingIdentity();??
12. ????????final?long?ident?=?Binder.clearCallingIdentity();??
13. ??????????
14. ????????while?(true)?{??
15. ????????????Message?msg?=?queue.next();?//?might?block??
16. ????????????//if?(!me.mRun)?{??
17. ????????????//????break;??
18. ????????????//}??
19. ????????????if?(msg?!=?null)?{??
20. ????????????????if?(msg.target?==?null)?{??
21. ????????????????????//?No?target?is?a?magic?identifier?for?the?quit?message.??
22. ????????????????????return;??
23. ????????????????}??
24. ????????????????if?(me.mLogging!=?null)?me.mLogging.println(??
25. ????????????????????????">>>>>?Dispatching?to?"?+?msg.target?+?"?"??
26. ????????????????????????+?msg.callback?+?":?"?+?msg.what??
27. ????????????????????????);??
28. ????????????????<span?style="color:#ff0000;">/*下面的函数将Looper类和Handler类联系起来*/</span>??
29. ????????????????msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);??
30. ????????????????if?(me.mLogging!=?null)?me.mLogging.println(??
31. ????????????????????????"<<<<<?Finished?to????"?+?msg.target?+?"?"??
32. ????????????????????????+?msg.callback);??
33. ??????????????????
34. ????????????????//?Make?sure?that?during?the?course?of?dispatching?the??
35. ????????????????//?identity?of?the?thread?wasn‘t?corrupted.??
36. ????????????????final?long?newIdent?=?Binder.clearCallingIdentity();??
37. ????????????????if?(ident?!=?newIdent)?{??
38. ????????????????????Log.wtf("Looper",?"Thread?identity?changed?from?0x"??
39. ????????????????????????????+?Long.toHexString(ident)?+?"?to?0x"??
40. ????????????????????????????+?Long.toHexString(newIdent)?+?"?while?dispatching?to?"??
41. ????????????????????????????+?msg.target.getClass().getName()?+?"?"??
42. ????????????????????????????+?msg.callback?+?"?what="?+?msg.what);??
43. ????????????????}??
44. ??????????????????
45. ????????????????msg.recycle();??
46. ????????????}??
47. ????????}??
48. ????}</span>??

/**
     *  Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
     * {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
     */
    public static final void loop() {
        Looper me = myLooper();
        MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        while (true) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            //if (!me.mRun) {
            //    break;
            //}
            if (msg != null) {
                if (msg.target == null) {
                    // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.
                    return;
                }
                if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
                        ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "
                        + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what
                        );
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? /*下面的函数将Looper类和Handler类联系起来*/
                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
                if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
                        "<<<<< Finished to    " + msg.target + " "
                        + msg.callback);

                // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
                // identity of the thread wasn‘t corrupted.
                final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
                if (ident != newIdent) {
                    Log.wtf("Looper", "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                            + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                            + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
                }

                msg.recycle();
            }
        }
    }

??????? 可以看到当前线程不断的从消息队列中取出消息，如果消息的target成员变量为null，就表示要退出消息循环了，否则的话就要调用这个target对象的dispatchMessage成员函数来处理这个消息，这个target对象的类型为Handler。

???????????

???????????????? 其实这个Looper和Handler类中消息传递的机制还是很复杂到，用到了Linux中Pipe的相关知识，我太菜还不能做出更深的分析，以后有时间会好好学习下，在完善下这部份的知识。

????????? 好了，这篇blog就说到这里吧。下篇blog我会试着分析下，Handler和Looper的同步问题。届时会顺便学习一下HandlerThread类。

?

????????????? 忘了说，如果哪位大牛发现我这篇blog有什么错误，敬请指正，免得误导了跟我一样的菜鸟

Android异步处理三：Handler+Looper+MessageQueue深入详解 - lzc的专栏 - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET

在《Android异步处理一：使用Thread+Handler实现非UI线程更新UI界面》中，我们讲到使用Thread+Handler的方式来实现界面的更新，其实是在非UI线程发送消息到UI线程，通知UI线程进行界面更新，这一篇我们将深入学习Android线程间通讯的实现原理。

概述：Android使用消息机制实现线程间的通信，线程通过Looper建立自己的消息循环，MessageQueue是FIFO的消息队列，Looper负责从MessageQueue中取出消息，并且分发到消息指定目标Handler对象。Handler对象绑定到线程的局部变量Looper，封装了发送消息和处理消息的接口。

例子：在介绍原理之前，我们先介绍Android线程通讯的一个例子，这个例子实现点击按钮之后从主线程发送消息"hello"到另外一个名为” CustomThread”的线程。

代码下载

LooperThreadActivity.java

?

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. package?com.zhuozhuo;??
2. ??
3. import?android.app.Activity;??
4. import?android.os.Bundle;??
5. import?android.os.Handler;??
6. import?android.os.Looper;??
7. import?android.os.Message;??
8. import?android.util.Log;??
9. import?android.view.View;??
10. import?android.view.View.OnClickListener;??
11. ??
12. public?class?LooperThreadActivity?extends?Activity{??
13. ????/**?Called?when?the?activity?is?first?created.?*/??
14. ??????
15. ????private?final?int?MSG_HELLO?=?0;??
16. ????private?Handler?mHandler;??
17. ??????
18. ????@Override??
19. ????public?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{??
20. ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
21. ????????setContentView(R.layout.main);??
22. ????????new?CustomThread().start();//新建并启动CustomThread实例??
23. ??????????
24. ????????findViewById(R.id.send_btn).setOnClickListener(new?OnClickListener()?{??
25. ??????????????
26. ????????????@Override??
27. ????????????public?void?onClick(View?v)?{//点击界面时发送消息??
28. ????????????????String?str?=?"hello";??
29. ????????????????Log.d("Test",?"MainThread?is?ready?to?send?msg:"?+?str);??
30. ????????????????mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_HELLO,?str).sendToTarget();//发送消息到CustomThread实例??
31. ??????????????????
32. ????????????}??
33. ????????});??
34. ??????????
35. ????}??
36. ??????
37. ??????
38. ??????
39. ??????
40. ??????
41. ????class?CustomThread?extends?Thread?{??
42. ????????@Override??
43. ????????public?void?run()?{??
44. ????????????//建立消息循环的步骤??
45. ????????????Looper.prepare();//1、初始化Looper??
46. ????????????mHandler?=?new?Handler(){//2、绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象??
47. ????????????????public?void?handleMessage?(Message?msg)?{//3、定义处理消息的方法??
48. ????????????????????switch(msg.what)?{??
49. ????????????????????case?MSG_HELLO:??
50. ????????????????????????Log.d("Test",?"CustomThread?receive?msg:"?+?(String)?msg.obj);??
51. ????????????????????}??
52. ????????????????}??
53. ????????????};??
54. ????????????Looper.loop();//4、启动消息循环??
55. ????????}??
56. ????}??
57. }??

package com.zhuozhuo;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class LooperThreadActivity extends Activity{
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */

	private final int MSG_HELLO = 0;
    private Handler mHandler;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        new CustomThread().start();//新建并启动CustomThread实例

        findViewById(R.id.send_btn).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {//点击界面时发送消息
				String str = "hello";
		        Log.d("Test", "MainThread is ready to send msg:" + str);
				mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_HELLO, str).sendToTarget();//发送消息到CustomThread实例

			}
		});

    }

    class CustomThread extends Thread {
    	@Override
    	public void run() {
    		//建立消息循环的步骤
    		Looper.prepare();//1、初始化Looper
    		mHandler = new Handler(){//2、绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象
    			public void handleMessage (Message msg) {//3、定义处理消息的方法
    				switch(msg.what) {
    				case MSG_HELLO:
    					Log.d("Test", "CustomThread receive msg:" + (String) msg.obj);
    				}
    			}
    		};
    		Looper.loop();//4、启动消息循环
    	}
    }
}

main.xml

?

?

[html] view plaincopyprint?

1. <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>??
2. <LinearLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
3. ????android:orientation="vertical"??
4. ????android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
5. ????android:layout_height="fill_parent"??
6. ????>??
7. <TextView????
8. ????android:layout_width="fill_parent"???
9. ????android:layout_height="wrap_content"???
10. ????android:text="@string/hello"??
11. ????/>??
12. <Button?android:text="发送消息"?android:id="@+id/send_btn"?android:layout_width="wrap_content"?android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>??
13. </LinearLayout>??

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<TextView
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@string/hello"
    />
<Button android:text="发送消息" android:id="@+id/send_btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>
</LinearLayout>

?

Log打印结果：

?

原理：

?

我们看到，为一个线程建立消息循环有四个步骤：

1、? 初始化Looper

2、? 绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象

3、? 定义处理消息的方法

4、? 启动消息循环

下面我们以这个例子为线索，深入Android源代码，说明Android Framework是如何建立消息循环，并对消息进行分发的。

1、? 初始化Looper : Looper.prepare()

Looper.java

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. private?static?final?ThreadLocal?sThreadLocal?=?new?ThreadLocal();??
2. public?static?final?void?prepare()?{??
3. ????????if?(sThreadLocal.get()?!=?null)?{??
4. ????????????throw?new?RuntimeException("Only?one?Looper?may?be?created?per?thread");??
5. ????????}??
6. ????????sThreadLocal.set(new?Looper());??
7. }??

private static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal();
public static final void prepare() {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
}

一个线程在调用Looper的静态方法prepare()时，这个线程会新建一个Looper对象，并放入到线程的局部变量中，而这个变量是不和其他线程共享的（关于ThreadLocal的介绍）。下面我们看看Looper()这个构造函数：

Looper.java

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. final?MessageQueue?mQueue;??
2. private?Looper()?{??
3. ????????mQueue?=?new?MessageQueue();??
4. ????????mRun?=?true;??
5. ????????mThread?=?Thread.currentThread();??
6. ????}??

final MessageQueue mQueue;
private Looper() {
        mQueue = new MessageQueue();
        mRun = true;
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();
    }

可以看到在Looper的构造函数中，创建了一个消息队列对象mQueue，此时，调用Looper. prepare()的线程就建立起一个消息循环的对象（此时还没开始进行消息循环）。

2、? 绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象 : mHandler= new Handler()

Handler.java

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. final?MessageQueue?mQueue;??
2. ?final?Looper?mLooper;??
3. public?Handler()?{??
4. ????????if?(FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS)?{??
5. ????????????final?Class<??extends?Handler>?klass?=?getClass();??
6. ????????????if?((klass.isAnonymousClass()?||?klass.isMemberClass()?||?klass.isLocalClass())?&&??
7. ????????????????????(klass.getModifiers()?&?Modifier.STATIC)?==?0)?{??
8. ????????????????Log.w(TAG,?"The?following?Handler?class?should?be?static?or?leaks?might?occur:?"?+??
9. ????????????????????klass.getCanonicalName());??
10. ????????????}??
11. ????????}??
12. ??
13. ????????mLooper?=?Looper.myLooper();??
14. ????????if?(mLooper?==?null)?{??
15. ????????????throw?new?RuntimeException(??
16. ????????????????"Can‘t?create?handler?inside?thread?that?has?not?called?Looper.prepare()");??
17. ????????}??
18. ????????mQueue?=?mLooper.mQueue;??
19. ????????mCallback?=?null;??
20. }??

final MessageQueue mQueue;
 final Looper mLooper;
public Handler() {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can‘t create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = null;
}

Handler通过mLooper = Looper.myLooper();绑定到线程的局部变量Looper上去，同时Handler通过mQueue =mLooper.mQueue;获得线程的消息队列。此时，Handler就绑定到创建此Handler对象的线程的消息队列上了。

3、定义处理消息的方法：Override public void handleMessage (Message msg){}

? ? ?子类需要覆盖这个方法，实现接受到消息后的处理方法。

4、启动消息循环 ： Looper.loop()

? ? ? 所有准备工作都准备好了，是时候启动消息循环了！Looper的静态方法loop()实现了消息循环。

Looper.java

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. public?static?final?void?loop()?{??
2. ???????Looper?me?=?myLooper();??
3. ???????MessageQueue?queue?=?me.mQueue;??
4. ?????????
5. ???????//?Make?sure?the?identity?of?this?thread?is?that?of?the?local?process,??
6. ???????//?and?keep?track?of?what?that?identity?token?actually?is.??
7. ???????Binder.clearCallingIdentity();??
8. ???????final?long?ident?=?Binder.clearCallingIdentity();??
9. ?????????
10. ???????while?(true)?{??
11. ???????????Message?msg?=?queue.next();?//?might?block??
12. ???????????//if?(!me.mRun)?{??
13. ???????????//????break;??
14. ???????????//}??
15. ???????????if?(msg?!=?null)?{??
16. ???????????????if?(msg.target?==?null)?{??
17. ???????????????????//?No?target?is?a?magic?identifier?for?the?quit?message.??
18. ???????????????????return;??
19. ???????????????}??
20. ???????????????if?(me.mLogging!=?null)?me.mLogging.println(??
21. ???????????????????????">>>>>?Dispatching?to?"?+?msg.target?+?"?"??
22. ???????????????????????+?msg.callback?+?":?"?+?msg.what??
23. ???????????????????????);??
24. ???????????????msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);??
25. ???????????????if?(me.mLogging!=?null)?me.mLogging.println(??
26. ???????????????????????"<<<<<?Finished?to????"?+?msg.target?+?"?"??
27. ???????????????????????+?msg.callback);??
28. ?????????????????
29. ???????????????//?Make?sure?that?during?the?course?of?dispatching?the??
30. ???????????????//?identity?of?the?thread?wasn‘t?corrupted.??
31. ???????????????final?long?newIdent?=?Binder.clearCallingIdentity();??
32. ???????????????if?(ident?!=?newIdent)?{??
33. ???????????????????Log.wtf("Looper",?"Thread?identity?changed?from?0x"??
34. ???????????????????????????+?Long.toHexString(ident)?+?"?to?0x"??
35. ???????????????????????????+?Long.toHexString(newIdent)?+?"?while?dispatching?to?"??
36. ???????????????????????????+?msg.target.getClass().getName()?+?"?"??
37. ???????????????????????????+?msg.callback?+?"?what="?+?msg.what);??
38. ???????????????}??
39. ?????????????????
40. ???????????????msg.recycle();??
41. ???????????}??
42. ???????}??
43. ???}??

 public static final void loop() {
        Looper me = myLooper();
        MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        while (true) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            //if (!me.mRun) {
            //    break;
            //}
            if (msg != null) {
                if (msg.target == null) {
                    // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.
                    return;
                }
                if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
                        ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "
                        + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what
                        );
                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
                if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
                        "<<<<< Finished to    " + msg.target + " "
                        + msg.callback);

                // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
                // identity of the thread wasn‘t corrupted.
                final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
                if (ident != newIdent) {
                    Log.wtf("Looper", "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                            + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                            + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
                }

                msg.recycle();
            }
        }
    }

while(true)体现了消息循环中的“循环“，Looper会在循环体中调用queue.next()获取消息队列中需要处理的下一条消息。当msg != null且msg.target != null时，调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);分发消息，当分发完成后，调用msg.recycle();回收消息。

msg.target是一个handler对象，表示需要处理这个消息的handler对象。Handler的void dispatchMessage(Message msg)方法如下：

Handler.java

[java] view plaincopyprint?

1. public?void?dispatchMessage(Message?msg)?{??
2. ????????if?(msg.callback?!=?null)?{??
3. ????????????handleCallback(msg);??
4. ????????}?else?{??
5. ????????????if?(mCallback?!=?null)?{??
6. ????????????????if?(mCallback.handleMessage(msg))?{??
7. ????????????????????return;??
8. ????????????????}??
9. ????????????}??
10. ????????????handleMessage(msg);??
11. ????????}??
12. }??

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
}

可见，当msg.callback== null 并且mCallback == null时，这个例子是由handleMessage(msg);处理消息，上面我们说到子类覆盖这个方法可以实现消息的具体处理过程。

?

总结：从上面的分析过程可知，消息循环的核心是Looper，Looper持有消息队列MessageQueue对象，一个线程可以把Looper设为该线程的局部变量，这就相当于这个线程建立了一个对应的消息队列。Handler的作用就是封装发送消息和处理消息的过程，让其他线程只需要操作Handler就可以发消息给创建Handler的线程。由此可以知道，在上一篇《Android异步处理一：使用Thread+Handler实现非UI线程更新UI界面》中，UI线程在创建的时候就建立了消息循环(在ActivityThread的public static final void main(String[] args)方法中实现)，因此我们可以在其他线程给UI线程的handler发送消息，达到更新UI的目的。