-- 向数据表中加载文件，不会对数据进行任何转换，load操作只是复制（本地到hdfs）、移动(hdfs上的文件)
-- 如果表包含分区，则必须指定每个分区的分区名，filepath可以引用一个文件或一个目录
-- 如果数据在hdfs上，且filepath不是绝对的，则hive会相对于/user/进行解释，会移动（记住）
-- 如果指定了overwrite,会先删除目标表，再移动数据。如果没有且有文件名冲突，那么现有的文件会被新文件替换。
load data [local] inpath ‘filepath‘ [overwrite]
into table tablename
[partition (p1=val1,p2=val2...)]
-- 将查询结果插入到hive表中
insert [overwrite] table table_name1 [partition (part1=val1,part2=val2)]
select * from table_name2
-- extendsion
from from_statement
insert [overwrite] table table_name1 [partition (part1=val1,part2=val2)]
select_statement1
insert [overwrite] table table_name2 [partition (part1=val1,part2=val2)]
select_statement2
-- 将查询结果写入文件系统
insert [overwrite] [local] directory directory1 select ... from ...
-- extension
from from_statement
insert [overwrite] [local] directory directory1 select_statement1
insert [overwrite] [local] directory directory2 select_statement2
-- select语句
select [all | distinct] c1,c2...
from table_name
[where where_condition]
[group by col_list]
[
clustered by col_list sort by col_list |
distribute by col_list
]
[limit number];
--
select * from t1;
--
select * from sales where amount >10 and region = ‘cs‘;
select distinct col1,col2 from t1;
select distinct col1 from t1;
select * from t1 limit 5;
-- 输出top-k,5
set mapred.reduce.tasks = 1
select * from sales sort by amount desc limit 5;
-- 基于分区的查询
select p.*
from page_view p
where p.date >= ‘20140212‘ and p.date <=‘20140212‘;
-- having hive不支持，可以通过子查询实现
select col1 from t1 group by col1 having sum(col2) > 10;
select col1 from (
select col1,sum(col2) as col2sum from t1 group by col1
) t2
where t2.col2sum > 10;
-- 查询结果写入到目录
insert overwrite [local] directory ‘/user/output‘
select a.* from invites a where a.ds = ‘20120101‘;
-- group by
from invites a
insert overwrite table envents
select a.bar,count(*) where a.foo > 0 group by a.bar;
insert overwrite table envents
select a.bar,count(*) from invites a where a.foo > 0 group by a.bar;
-- join
from pokes t1 join invites t2 on (t1.bar = t2.bar)
insert overwrite table envents
select t1.bar,t1.foo,t2.foo;
-- 多表insert
from src
insert overwrite table dest1 select src.* where src.key < 100
insert overwrite table dest2 select src.key,src.value where src.key > 100 and src.key < 200
...;
-- streaming 不解
from invites a
insert overwrite table events
select transform(a.foo,a.bar) as(oof,rab) using ‘/bin/cat‘ where a.ds=‘20120212‘;
-- hive sql 使用实例
create table u_data(
userid int,
movieid int,
rating int,
unixtime string
)
row format delimited
fields terminated by ‘\t‘
stored as textfile;
load data local inpath ‘u.data‘
overwrite into table u_data;
select count(1) from u_data;
mapper.py
import sys
import datetime
for line in sys.stdin
line = line.strip()
userid,movieid,rating,unixtime = line.split(‘\t‘)
weekday = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(unixtime)).isoweekday()
print ‘\t‘.join([userid,movieid,rating,str(weekday)])
--
create table u_data_new(
userid int,
movieid int,
rating int,
weekday int
)
row format delimited
fields terminated by ‘\t‘;
-- 增加文件hive使用的
add file mapper.py
insert overwrite table u_data_new
select transform(userid,movieid,rating,unixtime) using ‘python mapper.py‘ as (userid,movieid,rating,weekday)
from u_data;
select weekday,count(*) from u_data_new group by weekday;
---apache的网路日志
add jar ...hive_contrib.jar 将jar增加进hive的class路径
create table apachelog(
host string,
identity string,
user string,
time string,
request string,
status string,
size string,
referer string,
agent string
)
row format serde ‘.....RegexSerDe‘
with serdeproperties(
‘...‘=‘...‘
)
stored as textfile;
hive 网路接口
hive --service hwi 开启服务
http://master:9999/hwi
hive jdbc 操作
1、开启监听服务
hive --service hiveserver
hive操作DML