Openfire是怎么实现连接请求的?
XMPPServer.start()方法,完成Openfire的启动。但是,XMPPServer.start()方法中,并没有提及如何监听端口,那么Openfire是如何接收客户端的请求?
因为Openfire的核心功能,是通过Module来管理的,那么对应的连接管理应该就在Module中。
查看在XMPPServer.loadModules()方法中,有如下代码:
//Load this module always last since we don‘t want to start listening for clients // before the rest of the modules have been started loadModule(ConnectionManagerImpl.class.getName());
这个ConnectionManagerImpl类,就是连接的管理模块,而且注释中说到,它还是在其他模块启动后之后再启动。
那么下面,我们就来重点研究这个module,看看ConnectionManagerImpl如何实现连接监听,并处理消息响应的。
连接请求监听
请求一般都与端口相对应,当客户端发出连接请求时,服务器要能够做出响应,首先需要对该请求的端口做监听。
ConnectionManagerImpl的继承关系中,它实现了ConnectionManager接口,在ConnectionManager中,除了定义端口的设定、监听开关等方法外,还定义一系列默认监听的端口号:
final int DEFAULT_PORT = 5222; final int DEFAULT_SSL_PORT = 5223; final int DEFAULT_COMPONENT_PORT = 5275; final int DEFAULT_COMPONENT_SSL_PORT = 5276; final int DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT = 5269; final int DEFAULT_MULTIPLEX_PORT = 5262; final int DEFAULT_MULTIPLEX_SSL_PORT = 5263;
这些端口号,在模块初始化的时候,被设定到对应的监听器对象中。
初始化
ConnectionManagerImpl的初始化,除了自身的构造方法外, 还有module中的initialize()方法(module的概况在第二章有提及)。
1. 初始化之一:ConnectionManagerImpl的构造方法
ConnectionManagerImpl的初始化,首先是构造了各类连接监听器,有如下几种:
private final ConnectionListener clientListener; private final ConnectionListener clientSslListener; private final ConnectionListener boshListener; private final ConnectionListener boshSslListener; private final ConnectionListener serverListener; private final ConnectionListener componentListener; private final ConnectionListener componentSslListener; private final ConnectionListener connectionManagerListener; // Also known as ‘multiplexer‘ private final ConnectionListener connectionManagerSslListener; // Also known as ‘multiplexer‘ private final ConnectionListener webAdminListener; private final ConnectionListener webAdminSslListener;
所有监听器都用ConnectionListener进行包装,以ConnectionType来做区分。这么处理可以制定一套方法来管理各类ConnectionListener,做到抽象统一。所有的ConnectionListener是模块启动时开启监听。
拿其中一种类型——SOCKET_C2S(即客户端-服务端),来观察一下它的构造方法,以下的分析也基于这一类型,这一类型是使用最多的。构造如下:
clientListener = new ConnectionListener( ConnectionType.SOCKET_C2S, ConnectionSettings.Client.PORT, DEFAULT_PORT, ConnectionSettings.Client.SOCKET_ACTIVE, ConnectionSettings.Client.MAX_THREADS, ConnectionSettings.Client.MAX_READ_BUFFER, ConnectionSettings.Client.TLS_POLICY, ConnectionSettings.Client.AUTH_PER_CLIENTCERT_POLICY, bindAddress, certificateStoreManager.getIdentityStoreConfiguration( ConnectionType.SOCKET_C2S ), certificateStoreManager.getTrustStoreConfiguration( ConnectionType.SOCKET_C2S ), ConnectionSettings.Client.COMPRESSION_SETTINGS );
这些参数的意义:
- ConnectionType.SOCKET_C2S:ConectionType是个枚举类型,定义了所有connection的类型
- ConnectionSettings.Client:提供了各个参数在数据库ofProperty表中的键,ConnectionListener构造方法会根据传入的键,从中读取相应的配置值
- DEFAULT_PORT:设置监听的端口,对于C2S连接,openfire默认为5222端口
- bindAddress: 配置文件中的network.interface,转化一个InetAddress。InetAddress是Java对IP地址的封装
- certificateStoreManager:配置证书信息
这些参数,设置了连接监听器的端口号、最大并发数等信息,最后封装在ConnectionConfiguration对象中,绑定到MINA的适配器NioSocketAcceptor。当MINA收到连接请求时,会根据端口的信息触发指定的监听器,进而执行相应的通信业务。
2. 初始化之二:Module中定义的初始化方法
这部分比较简单,检查了是否需要配置MINA来使用直接缓冲区、或堆缓冲区,并调用IoBuffer做相应的配置。默认是只使用堆内存。
@Override public void initialize(XMPPServer server) { super.initialize(server); // Check if we need to configure MINA to use Direct or Heap Buffers // Note: It has been reported that heap buffers are 50% faster than direct buffers if (JiveGlobals.getBooleanProperty("xmpp.socket.heapBuffer", true)) { IoBuffer.setUseDirectBuffer(false); IoBuffer.setAllocator(new SimpleBufferAllocator()); } }
关于缓冲区的使用,稍微提一下:
- directBuffer:直接缓冲区, 为本地内存,不在Java堆中,不会被JVM回收。申请内存的API:ByteBuffer.allcateDirect(size)
- heepBuffer:堆缓冲区,在堆中分配,当不再被引用的时候,buffer对象会被回收。申请内存的API:ByteBuffer.allocate(size)
- 一般情况下:堆缓冲区的性能已经相当高,若无必要,使用堆缓冲区就足够。
启动监听
模块启动的start()方法由module中定义,在相应的模块实现,在XMPPServer中被调用。start()方法的代码如下:
@Override public void start() { super.start(); startListeners(); SocketSendingTracker.getInstance().start(); CertificateManager.addListener(this); }
该方法执行了如下三步操作:
- 启动所有监听,包括各个plugins、ConnectionListener、HTTP client
- 启动SocketSendingTracker线程,每隔10秒调用checkHealth检查连接的Socket的状态。SocketSendingTracker.start()中,执行checkHealth()做了一件事情:如果某个Socket发送数据的事件大于60秒,或者长时间处于idle状态(表示长时间没有接收到客户端发来的心跳数据包),就调用forceClose将其关闭。
- CertificateManager用来管理证书、监听ssl的相关时间。
我们主要分析startListeners()方法,代码如下:
private synchronized void startListeners() { // Check if plugins have been loaded PluginManager pluginManager = XMPPServer.getInstance().getPluginManager(); if (!pluginManager.isExecuted()) { pluginManager.addPluginManagerListener(new PluginManagerListener() { public void pluginsMonitored() { // Stop listening for plugin events XMPPServer.getInstance().getPluginManager().removePluginManagerListener(this); // Start listeners startListeners(); } }); return; } for ( final ConnectionListener listener : getListeners() ) { try { listener.start(); } catch ( RuntimeException ex ) { Log.error( "An exception occurred while starting listener " + listener, ex ); } } // Start the HTTP client listener. try { HttpBindManager.getInstance().start(); } catch ( RuntimeException ex ) { Log.error( "An exception occurred while starting HTTP Bind listener ", ex ); } }
主要启动两个监听: (1)ConnectionListener (2)HttpBindManager
这两个我们分别来看一下。
1. ConnectionListener.start()方法:
为了分析方便,这里只保留关键代码:
public synchronized void start() { ...... Log.debug("Starting..."); if (getType() == ConnectionType.SOCKET_S2S) { connectionAcceptor = new LegacyConnectionAcceptor(generateConnectionConfiguration()); } else { connectionAcceptor = new MINAConnectionAcceptor(generateConnectionConfiguration()); } connectionAcceptor.start(); Log.info("Started."); }
该方法中,根据不同的ConnectionType初始化了连接的接受器ConnectionAcceptor并启动。
ConnectionAcceptor是个抽像类,被LegacyConnectionAcceptor、MINAConnectionAcceptor实现。
LegacyConnectionAcceptor仅能用于S2S的连接,且是之前所使用的方式。现在Oppenfire主要用的是MINA框架,这里我们只研究一下MINAConnectionAcceptor。
MINAConnectionAcceptor构造方法中,根据不同的连接类型,构造不同的ConnectionHandler。
完成MINAConnectionAcceptor构造之后,执行了MINAConnectionAcceptor.start()方法。
MINAConnectionAcceptor.start()方法代码如下:
public synchronized void start() { if ( socketAcceptor != null ) { Log.warn( "Unable to start acceptor (it is already started!)" ); return; } try { // Configure the thread pool that is to be used. final int initialSize = ( configuration.getMaxThreadPoolSize() / 4 ) + 1; final ExecutorFilter executorFilter = new ExecutorFilter( initialSize, configuration.getMaxThreadPoolSize(), 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS ); final ThreadPoolExecutor eventExecutor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) executorFilter.getExecutor(); final ThreadFactory threadFactory = new NamedThreadFactory( name + "-thread-", eventExecutor.getThreadFactory(), true, null ); eventExecutor.setThreadFactory( threadFactory ); // Construct a new socket acceptor, and configure it. socketAcceptor = buildSocketAcceptor(); if ( JMXManager.isEnabled() ) { configureJMX( socketAcceptor, name ); } final DefaultIoFilterChainBuilder filterChain = socketAcceptor.getFilterChain(); filterChain.addFirst( ConnectionManagerImpl.EXECUTOR_FILTER_NAME, executorFilter ); // Add the XMPP codec filter filterChain.addAfter( ConnectionManagerImpl.EXECUTOR_FILTER_NAME, ConnectionManagerImpl.XMPP_CODEC_FILTER_NAME, new ProtocolCodecFilter( new XMPPCodecFactory() ) ); // Kill sessions whose outgoing queues keep growing and fail to send traffic filterChain.addAfter( ConnectionManagerImpl.XMPP_CODEC_FILTER_NAME, ConnectionManagerImpl.CAPACITY_FILTER_NAME, new StalledSessionsFilter() ); // Ports can be configured to start connections in SSL (as opposed to upgrade a non-encrypted socket to an encrypted one, typically using StartTLS) if ( configuration.getTlsPolicy() == Connection.TLSPolicy.legacyMode ) { final SslFilter sslFilter = encryptionArtifactFactory.createServerModeSslFilter(); filterChain.addAfter( ConnectionManagerImpl.EXECUTOR_FILTER_NAME, ConnectionManagerImpl.TLS_FILTER_NAME, sslFilter ); } // Throttle sessions who send data too fast if ( configuration.getMaxBufferSize() > 0 ) { socketAcceptor.getSessionConfig().setMaxReadBufferSize( configuration.getMaxBufferSize() ); Log.debug( "Throttling read buffer for connections to max={} bytes", configuration.getMaxBufferSize() ); } // Start accepting connections socketAcceptor.setHandler( connectionHandler ); socketAcceptor.bind( new InetSocketAddress( configuration.getBindAddress(), configuration.getPort() ) ); } catch ( Exception e ) { System.err.println( "Error starting " + configuration.getPort() + ": " + e.getMessage() ); Log.error( "Error starting: " + configuration.getPort(), e ); // Reset for future use. if (socketAcceptor != null) { try { socketAcceptor.unbind(); } finally { socketAcceptor = null; } } } }
从上面的代码可以看到,MINAConnectionAcceptor.start()做了四件事:
(1)建立线程池
(2)构建了一个socketAcceptor
(3)添加xmpp解码器与编码器到socketAcceptor
(4)将connectionHandler注入socketAcceptor并绑定socketAcceptor.bind,
其中:
ConnectionHandler是连接处理器,MINA接收到的请求最后都转由ConnectionHandler处理,其内部的处理机制,将在下文另起一节来分析。 XMPPCodecFactory负责解码接收到的消息、编码要发送的消息。
即Openfire中的连接处理模型为:
request->XMPPCodecFactory.XMPPDecoder->ConnectionHandler->XMPPCodecFactory.XMPPEncoder->response
关于MINA的处理逻辑,这里简述一下:
NioSocketAcceptor是MINA的适配器,MINA中有个过滤器和处理器的概念,过滤器用来过滤数据,处理器用来处理数据。
总的来说MINA的处理模型就是:
request->过滤器A->过滤器B->处理器->过滤器B->过滤器A->response
request和response类似serlvet的request和response。
至此,系统就开始能响应客户端的连接请求了!!
刚刚分析startListeners()方法时,其中除了启动ConnetctionListener外,还启动了另一种监听:HttpBindManager,没忘记吧?下来对它也做一下分析。
2. HttpBindManager.start()方法:
这部分主要用于启用7070、7443端口,作为HTTP、HTTPS绑定端口,服务框架用的是Jetty。一般是在Web IM端用到。
HttpBinManager中绑定监听了7070端口,并初始化HttpSessionManager。
HttpSessionManager管理所有通过httpbing连接到openfire的议定,它是一个同步http的双向流。
下面简单跟一下代码,部分代码省略掉了
(1)HttpBindManager
HttpBindManager构造方法:
private HttpBindManager() { ... this.httpSessionManager = new HttpSessionManager(); .... }
构造方法中虽然实例化了HttpSessionManager,然而,在HttpBindManager类中并没有对它做任何操作,只是提供了get方法。HttpSessionManager是在HttpBindServlet中使用的。
Why?其实好理解,HttpSessionManager顾名思义,Http会话管理,要能管理首先是需要有会话产生,那会话在哪里产生?
So,答案就出来了。
至于为什么在要HttpBindManager中实例化,因为HttpBindManager中使用了单例,这样整个会话管理变得统一有序。
OK,其他不多说,继续往下走:
Start()方法中:configureHttpBindServer()函数做了端口绑定、Servlet绑定、以及WEB目录绑定,然后服务启动。
public void start() { certificateListener = new CertificateListener(); CertificateManager.addListener(certificateListener); if (!isHttpBindServiceEnabled()) { return; } bindPort = getHttpBindUnsecurePort(); bindSecurePort = getHttpBindSecurePort(); configureHttpBindServer(bindPort, bindSecurePort); try { httpBindServer.start(); Log.info("HTTP bind service started"); } catch (Exception e) { Log.error("Error starting HTTP bind service", e); } }
configureHttpBindServer():
private synchronized void configureHttpBindServer(int port, int securePort) { final QueuedThreadPool tp = new QueuedThreadPool(processingThreads); tp.setName("Jetty-QTP-BOSH"); httpBindServer = new Server(tp); .... createBoshHandler(contexts, "/http-bind"); createCrossDomainHandler(contexts, "/crossdomain.xml"); loadStaticDirectory(contexts); HandlerCollection collection = new HandlerCollection(); httpBindServer.setHandler(collection); collection.setHandlers(new Handler[] { contexts, new DefaultHandler() }); }
解释一下QueuedThreadPool类,该类是jetty的一个线程池,它实现了org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.ThreadPool接口,并继承org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle。
createBoshHandler():
private void createBoshHandler(ContextHandlerCollection contexts, String boshPath) { ServletContextHandler context = new ServletContextHandler(contexts, boshPath, ServletContextHandler.SESSIONS); ...... context.addServlet(new ServletHolder(new HttpBindServlet()),"/*"); ...... }
createCrossDomainHandler():
private void createCrossDomainHandler(ContextHandlerCollection contexts, String crossPath) { ServletContextHandler context = new ServletContextHandler(contexts, crossPath, ServletContextHandler.SESSIONS); ...... context.addServlet(new ServletHolder(new FlashCrossDomainServlet()),""); }
loadStaticDirectory():
private void loadStaticDirectory(ContextHandlerCollection contexts) { File spankDirectory = new File(JiveGlobals.getHomeDirectory() + File.separator + "resources" + File.separator + "spank"); ...... WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(contexts, spankDirectory.getPath(), "/"); context.setWelcomeFiles(new String[]{"index.html"}); }
最后在ConnectionManagerImpl中调用HttpBindManager.start()就完成启动,Openfire与Jetty开始进行连接,关于Jetty的相关机制,这里就不做延伸了。
而HttpSessionManager在HttpBindServlet的初始化中开启,当然在HttpBindServlet被destroy()时,也自然会stop()掉。
HttpBindServlet.init():
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException { super.init(servletConfig); boshManager = HttpBindManager.getInstance(); sessionManager = boshManager.getSessionManager(); sessionManager.start(); }
(2)HttpSessionManager中所做的工作,就在其start()我们来简单看一下。
HttpSessionManager.start():
public void start() { Log.info( "Starting instance" ); this.sessionManager = SessionManager.getInstance(); final int maxClientPoolSize = JiveGlobals.getIntProperty( "xmpp.client.processing.threads", 8 ); final int maxPoolSize = JiveGlobals.getIntProperty("xmpp.httpbind.worker.threads", maxClientPoolSize ); final int keepAlive = JiveGlobals.getIntProperty( "xmpp.httpbind.worker.timeout", 60 ); sendPacketPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(getCorePoolSize(maxPoolSize), maxPoolSize, keepAlive, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), // unbounded task queue new NamedThreadFactory( "httpbind-worker-", true, null, Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), null ) ); sendPacketPool.prestartCoreThread(); // Periodically check for Sessions that need a cleanup. inactivityTask = new HttpSessionReaper(); TaskEngine.getInstance().schedule( inactivityTask, 30 * JiveConstants.SECOND, 30 * JiveConstants.SECOND ); }
解释一下:
(1)keepAlive,多余空闲线程等待心任务的的最长时间60秒
(2)ThreadPoolExecutor配置了线程池,池中所保持的线程数和最大线程数均为8个
(3)newLinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),执行前保持的队列,此队列仅保持由execute 方法提交的 Runnable 任务
(4)NamedThreadFactory,创建新线程的工厂
(5)sendPacketPool.prestartCoreThread():该方法为启动核心线程,使其处于等待工作的空闲状态。仅当执行新任务时,此操作才重写默认的启动核心线程策略。
最后启动了一个线程来查看哪些会话需要被关闭:
inactivityTask = new HttpSessionReaper(); TaskEngine.getInstance().schedule( inactivityTask, 30 * JiveConstants.SECOND, 30 * JiveConstants.SECOND );
进入看看HttpSessionReaper.run()方法:
private class HttpSessionReaper extends TimerTask { @Override public void run() { long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (HttpSession session : sessionMap.values()) { try { long lastActive = currentTime - session.getLastActivity(); if (Log.isDebugEnabled()) { Log.debug("Session was last active " + lastActive + " ms ago: " + session.getAddress()); } if (lastActive > session.getInactivityTimeout() * JiveConstants.SECOND) { Log.info("Closing idle session: " + session.getAddress()); session.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.error("Failed to determine idle state for session: " + session, e); } } } }
这个线程的意义:定时将一些超时了的闲置状态的会话清理掉。
其中:
session.getLastActivity():这个方法以毫秒为时间单位返回关闭http连接的时间
getInactivityTimeout():这个方法以秒为单位返回不活跃或被终止会话时间
至此,Openfire开始能响应Http形式的请求。
那么Openfire的整个网络监听,就分解完了。
注意一点的是,上面内容,是以客户端-服务端模式为例来讲解Openfire的连接监听,但Openfire的ConnetionType并不止这一种,还有server-server等其他类型,分析方法类似,内容也相似,这里就不再赘述,有兴趣的朋友可以自已做了解。