python—基础练习题

一、字典输出

import json

dict1 = {‘School‘:‘zhoubei‘,‘Name‘: ‘张三‘, ‘Age‘: 7, ‘Class‘: ‘第一班‘}
print dict1[‘School‘]
print json.dumps(dict1).decode(‘unicode-escape‘)

二、if /while 循环

-------输入三个数字，是否能组成三角形，并判断是什么三角形--------
n1 = int(raw_input(‘请输入第一个整数数字：‘))
n2 = int(raw_input(‘请输入第二个整数数字：‘))
n3 = int(raw_input(‘请输入第三个整数数字：‘))

if n1 + n2> n3 and n2 + n3> n1 and n1 + n3> n2:??????? #两边之和大于第三边
    if n1 == n2 and n2 == n3:
        print (‘这是个等边三角形‘)
    elif n1 == n2 or n2 == n3 or n1 == n3:
        print (‘这是个等腰三角形‘)
    elif n1**2+n2**2 == n3**2 or n2**2 + n3**2 == n1**2 or n1**2 + n3**2 == n2**2:??? #符合勾股定理为直角三角形
        print (‘这是个直角三角形‘)
    else:
        print (‘这是个普通的三角形‘)
else:
    print (‘无法组成三角形：‘)

-----------------与电脑猜拳-------------------
import random
import json

dict_c = {1:‘石头‘,2:‘剪刀‘,3:‘布‘}
dict_u =  {‘石头‘:1,‘剪刀‘:2,‘布‘:3}
user = raw_input(‘请输入：(只能是石头/剪刀/布)‘)
user1 = dict_u[user]
computer = random.randint(1,3)
c = dict_c[computer]

if user != ‘石头‘ and user != ‘剪刀‘ and user != ‘布‘:
    print(‘你又调皮了，只能输入石头/剪刀/布‘)
else:
    print(‘电脑出：‘)
    print json.dumps(c).decode(‘unicode-escape‘)

    print("输赢结果：")
    if user == c:
        print(‘平手‘)
    elif user1 == 1 and computer == 3:
        print(‘SB，你输啦‘)
    elif user1 == 2 and computer == 1:
        print(‘SB，你输啦‘)
    elif user1 == 3 and computer == 2:
        print(‘SB，你输啦‘)
    else:
        print(‘你走狗屎运了‘)

-----------------输出100以内的素数-------------------
n=2
while(n<100):
    i = 2??????????????????? #i从2开始
    while(i<=10):
        if n%i == 0:
            break
        i+=1
    if (i>n/i):
        print n
    n+=1

三、for 循环

#公鸡3元/只，母鸡5元/只，小鸡每元3只
-----------------100元买100只鸡-------------------
for x in range(33):?????????????????   # 100元内，公鸡数不能超过33只
    for y in range(20):??????????? ?   # 同理，母鸡不能超过20只
        for z in range(100):?? ????   # 同理，小鸡不会超过100只
            if 3*x+5*y+(1.0/3)*z ==100 and x+y+z==100:
                print x,y,z

--------------输出1-9,0-----------------
    list1 = range(10)
    list1.append(list1.pop(0))
    print list1

#一对兔子每月生一对兔子，刚出生的兔子两个月后才能生育
--------------21个月兔子数量-----------------
num1 = 2
num2 = 2
sum = 0
for i in range(1,21):
    print "第",i,"个月"???????
    num1 = num2
    num2 = sum
    sum = num1+num2
    print "有", sum, "个兔子"  ????#后一个月兔子的数量为前两个月兔子数量之和
print "一共有",sum,"个兔子"

#小明有一美元要买（1-100美分）东西，求出找零最少的情况
--------------找零钱-----------------
buy = input(‘请输入买糖的价格1-100：‘)
count = 0
for a in range(0,5):?????????????????   #25美分面额的 不能超过4张? （25×5>100） ???????
    for b in range(0,3):??????????????? #10美分面额的 不能超过2张? （10×3>25）这时可以给一张25美分面额的替代了
        for c in range(0,2):??????? ????# 5美分面额的 不能超过1张 ?（5×2=10） 这时可以用一张10美分面额的替代了
            for d in range(0,5):??? ????#1美分的 不能超过4张?? （1×5=5） 这时可以给一张5 美分面额的替代
                if a*25+b*10+c*5+d*1+buy == 100 and 10*b+5*c!=25 and 5*d+c!=10:
                    count = a + b + c + d
                    print ‘找零%d个25美分 %d个10美分 %d个5美分 %d个1美分‘%(a, b, c, d)
                    print ‘一共‘, count, ‘个硬币‘

---------------乘法口诀表--------------------
for i in range(1,10):
        for j in range(1,i+1):
                if i*j<10:
                        print i, ‘ב, j, ‘=‘, i * j, ‘ ‘,
                else:
                        print i,‘ב,j ,‘=‘, i*j,‘‘,
        print ‘‘

四、函数

-----------------输出不定个数的数字的和-------------
sum_b = 0
sum_c = 0
sum_d = 0
def functionC(x,y,*args,**kwargs):
    global sum_d
    sum_b = x+y
    sum_c= sum(args)??????? #求和函数sum()必须传入可迭代对象
    sum_d = sum_c+sum_b
    return sum_d
functionC(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
print sum_d

------------模拟range（）全功能----------------
list_input = [2,9]            ????#手动调制输入的range()
def range_1(*args):
    if len(list_input)==1:    #输入一个数字时
        x0 = list_input[0]
        list_output = []
        i = 0
        while x0>1 and i<x0:
            list_output.append(i)
            i+=1
        else:
            print ‘输入的数字必须大于1‘
        return list_output
    elif len(list_input)==2:  #输入二个数字时
        x0  = list_input[0]
        x1 = list_input[1]
        list_output = []
        i = x0
        if x0<x1:
            while x1>0 and i<x1:
                list_output.append(i)
                i+=1
            return list_output
        else:
            print(‘输入错误‘)
    elif len(list_input)==3:  #输入三个数字时
        x0  = list_input[0]
        x1 = list_input[1]
        x3 = list_input[2]
        list_output = []
        i = x0
        if x0<x1 and x3<x1:
            while x1>1 and i<x1:
                list_output.append(i)
                i+=x3
            return list_output
        else:
            print(‘输入错误‘)
    else:
        print ‘你又调皮了，最多只能输入三个‘
print range_1(list_input)

-----------遍历计算字符串的长度----------
list_a = []
j = 0
def str_x(str_a):
    for i in str_a:
        global j??????????? #使用全局变量计数
        list_a.append(i)
        j+=1
    return j
str_a =list(raw_input(‘请输入字符串：‘))
str_x(str_a)
print j

------------计算传入数字的各个位数之和------------
def item_sum(x):
    if str1<0:??????????????? #输入的数小于零时
        abs(str1)???????  #取绝对值
        list_sum = []
        str2 = str(x)
        for item in str2:
            list_sum.append(int(item))
    elif str1>0:
        list_sum = []
        str2 = str(x)
        for item in str2:
            list_sum.append(int(item))
        return sum(list_sum)
    else:
        return 0
str1 = 3418291283??????????? #传入数字转成字符串 / 传入数字型字符串
print item_sum(str1)

-----------------互不相同且无重复数字的三位数----------------
count = 0
list_b = 0
def third_num(list_a):
    list_len = []
    global count
    for i in list_a:
        for j in list_a:
            for k in list_a:
                if i!=j and j!=k and i!=k:
                    list_b =str(i)+str(j)+str(k)
                    list_len.append(list_b)
                    count+=1
    return list_len

list_a = [1,2,3,4]
print third_num(list_a)
print ‘三位数个数：‘,count

----------------判断这一天是这一年的第几天----------------------
def day_in_year(year_n,month_n,day_n):
    run = [31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]        #闰年，二月份天数不能大于29
    ping = [31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]        #非闰年，二月份天数不能大于28
    if year_n>= 1 and 12>=month_n>= 1 and 32>day_n>= 1:
        if year_n % 4 == 0 and year_n % 100 != 0 or year_n % 400==0:
            day_n = sum(run[:month_n-1])+day_n
            return day_n
        else:
            day_n = sum(ping[:month_n-1])+day_n
            return day_n
    else:
        print ‘输入格式错误‘
year_n, month_n,day_n= int(raw_input(‘请输入年‘)),int(raw_input(‘请输入月‘)),int(raw_input(‘请输入日‘))
print day_in_year(year_n,month_n,day_n)

----------------不使用sort()完成对任意list的升序和降序的排列-------------------???#冒泡排序
list7 = [2,5,6,1,4,9,]
def sort_num(*args):
    list8 = []
    for i in range(len(list7)):
        for j in range(len(list7)-1):
            if list7[i]<list7[j]:
                list7[j],list7[i] = list7[i],list7[j]??? #直接交换
    list8 = list7
    return list8
print ‘升序结果：‘,sort_num(list7)

-----------对元组内数字型元素求和----------------
def fun(num1,num2,*agrs,**kwargs):
    sum1 = 0
    sum2 = 0
    sum0 = int(num1.strip())+int(num2)
    for i in agrs:
        if str(i).strip().isdigit():
            sum1 += int(i)
    for j in kwargs.values():
        if str(j).strip().isdigit():
            sum2 += int(j)
    num3 = sum0+sum1+sum2
    return num3
a = fun(‘  1‘, 2, 3, ‘  4‘, 5, ‘hello‘, a1=2, b1=3)
print a

--------------字典合并----------------
def merge_two_dicts(x, y):
    dict3 = {}
    dict3 = dict1.copy()
    dict3.update(dict2)
    return dict3
dict1 = {‘a‘:1,‘b‘:2,‘c‘:3,‘d‘:‘hello‘}
dict2 = {‘a‘:2,‘b‘:‘2‘,‘c‘:‘she‘,‘e‘:‘10‘,‘f‘:4}
print(merge_two_dicts(dict1,dict2))

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13984132/2280952