背景：
当数据业务上或者其他的特殊情况时可能会进行审计，以便知道数据库当时所做的操作，今天给大家带来percona的审计插件
Percona Audit Log Plugin提供对特定服务器上执行的连接和查询活动的监视和记录。 有关活动的信息将存储在XML日志文件中，其中每个事件将具有其NAME字段，其自己的唯一RECORD_ID字段和TIMESTAMP字段。 此实现是MySQL Enterprise Audit Log Plugin的替代审计日志插件生成以下事件的日志：Audit - Audit事件表示审计日志记录已开始或已完成。 记录开始时NAME字段为Audit，日志记录完成时为NoAudit。 审计记录还包括服务器版本和命令行参数。
<AUDIT_RECORD
"NAME"="Audit"
"RECORD"="1_2014-04-29T09:29:40"
"TIMESTAMP"="2014-04-29T09:29:40 UTC"
"MYSQL_VERSION"="5.6.17-65.0-655.trusty"
"STARTUP_OPTIONS"="--basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --port=3306"
"OS_VERSION"="x86_64-debian-linux-gnu",
/>
Connect/Disconnect - Connect record event will have NAME field Connect when user logged in or login failed, or Quit when connection is closed. Additional fields for this event are CONNECTION_ID, STATUS, USER, PRIV_USER, OS_LOGIN, PROXY_USER, HOST, and IP. STATUS will be 0 for successful logins and non-zero for failed logins.
Example of the Disconnect event:
<AUDIT_RECORD
"NAME"="Quit"
"RECORD"="24_2014-04-29T09:29:40"
"TIMESTAMP"="2014-04-29T10:20:13 UTC"
"CONNECTION_ID"="49"
"STATUS"="0"
"USER"=""
"PRIV_USER"=""
"OS_LOGIN"=""
"PROXY_USER"=""
"HOST"=""
"IP"=""
"DB"=""
/>
1,安装：
审核日志插件随Percona Server一起提供，但默认情况下不会安装。要启用该插件，您必须运行以下命令
INSTALL PLUGIN audit_log SONAME ‘audit_log.so‘;
验证插件是否安装成功
SHOW PLUGINS;
+--------------------------------+----------+--------------------+--------------+---------+
| Name | Status | Type | Library | License |
+--------------------------------+----------+--------------------+--------------+---------+
...
| audit_log | ACTIVE | AUDIT | audit_log.so | GPL |
+--------------------------------+----------+--------------------+--------------+---------+
2，日志格式：
审核日志插件支持四种日志格式：OLD，NEW，JSON和CSV。 OLD和NEW格式基于XML，前者将日志记录属性输出为XML属性，后者输出为XML标记。 记录的信息在所有四种格式中都是相同的。 日志格式选择由audit_log_format变量控制。
<AUDIT_RECORD>
<NAME>Quit</NAME>
<RECORD>10902_2014-04-28T11:02:54</RECORD>
<TIMESTAMP>2014-04-28T11:02:59 UTC</TIMESTAMP>
<CONNECTION_ID>36</CONNECTION_ID>
<STATUS>0</STATUS>
<USER></USER>
<PRIV_USER></PRIV_USER>
<OS_LOGIN></OS_LOGIN>
<PROXY_USER></PROXY_USER>
<HOST></HOST>
<IP></IP>
<DB></DB>
</AUDIT_RECORD>
3，实战：
以下示例显示添加将受监控的用户
mysql> SET GLOBAL audit_log_include_accounts = ‘[email protected],[email protected]‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
If you you try to add users to both include and exclude lists server will show you the following error:
mysql> SET GLOBAL audit_log_exclude_accounts = ‘[email protected],[email protected]‘;
ERROR 1231 (42000): Variable ‘audit_log_exclude_accounts‘ can‘t be set to the value of ‘[email protected],[email protected]‘
To switch from filtering by included user list to the excluded one or back, first set the currently active filtering variable to NULL:
mysql> SET GLOBAL audit_log_include_accounts = NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL audit_log_exclude_accounts = ‘[email protected],[email protected]‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL audit_log_exclude_accounts = "‘user‘@‘host‘";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL audit_log_exclude_accounts = ‘‘‘user‘‘@‘‘host‘‘‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL audit_log_exclude_accounts = ‘\‘user\‘@\‘host\‘‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
To see what users are currently in the on the list you can run:
mysql> SELECT @@audit_log_exclude_accounts;
+------------------------------+
| @@audit_log_exclude_accounts |
+------------------------------+
| ‘user‘@‘host‘ |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--备注：监控的用户名必须和mysql.user里用户名一致，不然不生效
<AUDIT_RECORD
NAME="Connect"
RECORD="4971917_2016-08-22T09:09:10"
TIMESTAMP="2016-08-22T09:12:21 UTC"
CONNECTION_ID="6"
STATUS="0"
USER="user1" ;; this is a ‘user‘ part of account in 5.7
PRIV_USER="user1"
OS_LOGIN=""
PROXY_USER=""
HOST="localhost" ;; this is a ‘host‘ part of account in 5.7
IP=""
DB=""
/>
过渡掉user1(排除user1)
SET GLOBAL audit_log_exclude_accounts = ‘[email protected]%‘;
总结：
1，数据库审计是一个非常实用和重要的功能
2，一般情况下不会开启这个功能，因为对性能消耗比较大
3，percona提供了这个功能，原生的Mysql社区版是没有的，只有企业版才有
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/538858/2327515