注：用的struts2的版本是2.1.6
strtus2的默认配置文件 struts-default.xml ，其中的默认的拦截器，包括其中的拦截器栈。
因为struts2的配置文件struts.xml 中如果不配置拦截器的话，默认是basoc拦截器。如果一个action配拦截器的话，需要
需要加上另外的拦截器才能，有属性封装的特性，也就是能用ORGL的对象图导航语言。
项目中使用了：
<interceptor-stack name="testStack">
<interceptor-ref name="store">
<param name="operationMode">AUTOMATIC</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="paramsPrepareParamsStack" />
</interceptor-stack>
如果用一个action配置自己定义拦截器的话，需要配置上"testStack"拦截器，才能用struts的自动封装的功能。
如下是struts-default.xml的拦截器的详细注释：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!-- ....
省略掉之前的bean的定义，直接把拦截器的配置贴出来
---!>
<interceptors>
<!-- 对于HTTP请求包含的参数设置别名。 -->
<interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
<!-- 将某些JavaBean实例自动绑定到其他Bean对应的属性中。有点类似Spring的自动绑定，在Spring部分会详细说明 -->
<interceptor name="autowiring"
class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
<!-- 在Web项目开发中，以前使用Struts开发时候经常碰到两个Action互相传递参数或属性的情况。该拦截器就是让前一Action的参数可以在现有Action中使用 -->
<interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
<!-- 从ActionContext中将转化类型时候发生的错误添加到Action的值域错误中，在校验时候经常被使用到来显示类型转化错误的信息。 -->
<interceptor name="conversionError" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="clearSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" />
<!-- 自动创建一个HTTP的Session，尤其是对需要HTTP的Session的拦截器特别有用。比如下面介绍的TokenInterceptor。 -->
<interceptor name="createSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
<!-- 用来对在视图间传递的数据进行调试。 -->
<interceptor name="debugging" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="externalRef" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterceptor"/>
<!-- 不显式执行Action，在视图上显示给用户的是一个正在等待的页面，但是Action其实是在“背后”正在执行着。该拦截器尤其在对进度条进行开发的时候特别有用。 -->
<interceptor name="execAndWait" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"/>
<!-- 将异常和Action返回的result相映射。 -->
<interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>
<!-- 支持文件上传功能的拦截器。 -->
<interceptor name="fileUpload" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"/>
<!-- 支持国际化的拦截器。 -->
<interceptor name="i18n" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/>
<!-- 拥有日志功能的拦截器。 -->
<interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
<!-- Action执行该拦截器时候，可以将getModel方法得到的result值放入值栈中。 -->
<interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
<!-- 执行该拦截器时候，它可以从一个scope范围检索和存储model值，通过调用setModel方法去设置model值。 -->
<interceptor name="scopedModelDriven"
class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
<!-- 将HTTP请求中包含的参数值设置到Action中。 -->
<interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="actionMappingParams"
class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"/>
<!-- 假如Action继承了Preparable接口，则会调用prepare方法。 -->
<interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="scope" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="servletConfig" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="sessionAutowiring"
class="org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptor"/>
<!-- 输出Action的执行时间。 -->
<interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
<!-- 避免重复提交的校验拦截器。 -->
<interceptor name="token" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/>
<!-- 和token拦截器类似，但它还能存储提交的数据到session里。 -->
<interceptor name="tokenSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/>
<!-- 运行在action-validation.xml(校验章节将介绍)文件中定义的校验规则。 -->
<interceptor name="validation"
class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>
<!-- 在Action中调用validate校验方法。如果Action有错误则返回到input视图。 store：执行校验功能时候，该拦截器提供存储和检索Action的所有错误和正确信息的功能。-->
<interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="store" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
<!-- 视图中如果有checkbox存在的情况，该拦截器自动将unchecked的checkbox当作一个参数（通常值为“false”）记录下来。
这样可以用一个隐藏的表单值来记录所有未提交的checkbox，而且缺省unchecked的checkbox值是布尔类型的，
如果视图中checkbox的值设置的不是布尔类型，它就会被覆盖成布尔类型的值。 -->
<interceptor name="checkbox" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
<!-- 通过参数来激活或不激活分析检测功能，前提是Web项目是在开发模式下。（涉及到调试和性能检验时使用） -->
<interceptor name="profiling" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
<!-- 进行权限配置的拦截器，如果登录用户拥有相应权限才去执行某一特定Action。 -->
<interceptor name="roles" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="jsonValidation"
class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.JSONValidationInterceptor"
/>
<interceptor name="annotationWorkflow"
class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor"
/>
<!-- Basic stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="basicStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo/..*,^struts/..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample validation and workflow stack 校验和工作流栈-->
<interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample JSON validation stack JSON 校验栈-->
<interceptor-stack name="jsonValidationWorkflowStack">
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="jsonValidation"/>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample file upload stack 文件上传栈-->
<interceptor-stack name="fileUploadStack">
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample model-driven stack 模型驱动栈 -->
<interceptor-stack name="modelDrivenStack">
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample action chaining stack action 链栈 -->
<interceptor-stack name="chainStack">
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample i18n stack i18n国际化栈-->
<interceptor-stack name="i18nStack">
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- An example of the paramsPrepareParams trick. This stack
is exactly the same as the defaultStack, except that it
includes one extra interceptor before the prepare interceptor:
the params interceptor.
This is useful for when you wish to apply parameters directly
to an object that you wish to load externally (such as a DAO
or database or service layer), but can‘t load that object
until at least the ID parameter has been loaded. By loading
the parameters twice, you can retrieve the object in the
prepare() method, allowing the second params interceptor to
apply the values on the object. -->
<interceptor-stack name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo/..*,^struts/..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo/..*,^struts/..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- A complete stack with all the common interceptors in place.
Generally, this stack should be the one you use, though it
may do more than you need. Also, the ordering can be
switched around (ex: if you wish to have your servlet-related
objects applied before prepare() is called, you‘d need to move
servletConfig interceptor up.
This stack also excludes from the normal validation and workflow
the method names input, back, and cancel. These typically are
associated with requests that should not be validated.
-->
<interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="debugging"/>
<interceptor-ref name="profiling"/>
<interceptor-ref name="scopedModelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo/..*,^struts/..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- The completeStack is here for backwards compatibility for
applications that still refer to the defaultStack by the
old name -->
<interceptor-stack name="completeStack">
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample execute and wait stack.
Note: execAndWait should always be the *last* interceptor. -->
<interceptor-stack name="executeAndWaitStack">
<interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />
</package>
</struts>