1. 首先,贴一个简单的Win32的Hello World程序,这是学MFC的基础。
如果没有学过Win32,请自行补充相关知识。
#include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { static TCHAR lpszAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin"); HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASS wc; wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = lpszAppName; // 注册窗口类 if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), lpszAppName, MB_ICONERROR); return 0; } // 创建应用程序主窗口 hwnd = CreateWindow(lpszAppName, TEXT("The Hello Program"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); // 显示窗口 ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd); UpdateWindow(hwnd); // 消息循环 while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam; } // // 窗口过程函数 // LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HDC hdc; PAINTSTRUCT ps; RECT rect; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: return 0; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect); DrawText(hdc, TEXT("Hello World!"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER); EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); }
2. MFC其实是微软对Win32 API的一个封装。
创建一个简单的MFC程序如Test后,整个程序的初始化及运行流程大致下:
CTestApp中定义theApp全局对象
—>执行父类CWinApp构造函数
—>执行子类本身构造函数
—>调用AfxWinMain函数
—>Afx函数中调用initInstance函数,包括注册窗口类、创建窗口、显示窗口等
—>进行消息循环
3. 程序框架
建立一个单文档MFC示例程序,程序就会包含:
CTestApp——应用程序类
CMainFrame、CTestView——窗体类,后者可看做前者的子类
CTestDoc——文档类
4. 注意事项:
MFC其实是对Win32 API函数的一些封装,比如CWnd类,我们自己也可以模拟这个封装过程。
下面是我自己写的一个模拟封装程序:
#include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); class CMyWnd { public: BOOL MyCreateWindow( LPCTSTR lpClassName, LPCTSTR lpWindowName, DWORD dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HANDLE hInstance, PVOID lpParam ); BOOL MyShowWindow(int nCmdShow); BOOL MyUpdateWindow(); HWND GetHwnd(); private: HWND m_hwnd; }; BOOL CMyWnd::MyCreateWindow(LPCTSTR lpClassName, LPCTSTR lpWindowName, DWORD dwStyle, int x,int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HANDLE hInstance, LPVOID lpParam) { m_hwnd = ::CreateWindow(lpClassName,lpWindowName,dwStyle, x,y,nWidth,nHeight,hWndParent,hMenu,(HINSTANCE)hInstance,lpParam); if(NULL == m_hwnd) return FALSE; else return TRUE; } BOOL CMyWnd::MyShowWindow(int nCmdShow) { return ::ShowWindow(m_hwnd, nCmdShow); } BOOL CMyWnd::MyUpdateWindow() { return ::UpdateWindow(m_hwnd); } HWND CMyWnd::GetHwnd() { return this->m_hwnd; } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd ) { MSG msg; WNDCLASS wndclass; CMyWnd wnd; TCHAR szName[] = TEXT("Class Test"); //HWND hwnd; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wndclass.lpszClassName = szName; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Need Window NT"), TEXT("Title"), MB_OK); return 0; } //wnd = new CMyWnd; wnd.MyCreateWindow(szName, TEXT("Window Test"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //hwnd = wnd->GetHwnd(); wnd.MyShowWindow(nShowCmd); wnd.MyUpdateWindow(); while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(message) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); }
可见,CMyWnd窗口类其实 与 窗口无直接关系,他们之间的联系其实只是m_hwnd的存在;
窗口被销毁,并不会影响窗口类,微软MFC封装的CWnd类也是一样;
当然,我们这里只是简单的模拟,并不完善,当窗口类销毁时,MFC中会把相应的窗口也销毁。
5. 向MFC程序添加控件
这个比较简单,可以再CMainFrame类中定义一个CButton的对象,然后在该类的构造函数中初始化这个成员对象。
当然,也可以在CTestView类写,可以给它写个相应WM_CRAETE的OnCreate函数即可;
首先在CTestView头文件中添加:
private: CButton m_btn;
然后在CTestView定义文件中添加:
// CTest1View message handlers int CTest1View::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) { if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1) return -1; m_btn.Create(TEXT("World"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON, CRect(0,0,50,20), this, 124); return 0; }
这个过程其实可以使用VC自带的生成工具来写,不用我们完全手动编辑。
时间: 2024-08-06 11:46:39