Sed 整理 / 憋错料

1. basic options

sed [options] {command} {input-file}

sed -n

sed -n ‘p‘ a.out

打印a.out文件内容

-n: 取消默认打印到屏幕功能

sed -f

sed [options] -f {sed-commands-in-file} {input-file}

test-script.sed

/^root/ p

/^nobody/ p

sed -n -f test-script.sed /etc/passwd

执行test-script.sed中的sed语句

sed -e

sed [options] -e {sed-command-1} -e {sed-command-2} {input-file}

sed -n -e ‘/^root/ p‘ -e ‘/^nobody/ p‘ /etc/passwd

sed -n \
-e ‘/^root/ p‘ \
-e ‘/^nobody/ p‘ \
/etc/passwd

逐条执行sed语句（而不必把语句卸载文件中，adhoc分析用）

sed ‘{}‘

sed [options] ‘{

sed-command-1

sed-command-2

}‘ {input-file}

sed -n ‘{

逐条执行sed语句（而不必把语句卸载文件中，adhoc分析用）

/^root/ p

/^nobody/ p

}‘ /etc/passwd

sed
scripting flow

read

excute

repeat

sed ‘p‘

sed ‘p‘ employee.txt

屏幕上打印每条语句两次

sed -n ‘p‘ employee.txt

屏幕上打印每条语句一次，相当于cat

sed
range(selective lines to execute)

range
by comma

sed -n ‘2 p‘ employee.txt

只打印第二行

sed -n ‘1,4 p‘
employee.txt

打印第一至四行

sed -n ‘2,$ p‘
employee.txt

打印第二行到最后一行

range
by plus

sed -n ‘1,+2 p‘
employee.txt

从第一行开始，再打印紧接着的两行

n,+m

range
by tilde

n~m

从第n行开始，每个m行打印

n, n+m, n+2m,n+3m,…

sed -n ‘1~2p‘
employee.txt

打印奇数行的内容

Pattern
matching

sed -n ‘/Jane/ p‘ employee.txt

输出包含Jane的行

sed -n ‘/Jane/,4 p‘
employee.txt

输出从第一个包含Jane的行开始，到第四行结束

如果1到4行没有包含Jane
的行，则输出后面包含Jane的行

sed -n ‘/Raj/,$ p‘ a.txt

输出从第一个包含Raj的行开始，到最后一行

sed -n ‘/Raj/,/Jane/ p‘
a.txt

输出从第一个包含Raj的行开始，到紧接的包含Jane的行结束

sed -n ‘/Raj/,+2p‘ a.txt

输出从第一个包含Raj的行，及紧接着的两行

sed ‘d‘

patten match 的逆运算

sed ‘2d‘ a.txt

删除第二行；结果输出出第二行以外的所有行

sed ‘2,$ d‘ a.txt

删除第二行至最后一行；输出剩下的行

sed ‘/Manager/ d‘ a.txt

删除包含Manager的行；输出剩下的行

sed ‘/Jason/,4 d‘ a.txt

删除第一个包含Jason的行至第四行

如果前四行中没有包含Jason的行，则将删除剩下的行

sed ‘/Raj/,$ d‘ a.txt

删除从第一个包含Raj的行至最后一行

sed ‘/Raj/, /Jane/, d‘
a.txt

删除包含Raj的行至后面第一个包含Jane的行

sed ‘/Jason/,+2d‘ a.txt

删除从包含Jason的行及紧接着的两行

sed ‘/^$/ d‘ a.txt

删除所有空行

sed ‘/^#/d‘ a.txt

删除所有注释行

sed ‘w‘

sed ‘w out.txt‘ a.txt

把a.txt内容写入out.txt

sed -n ‘w out.txt‘ a.txt

直接写入，取消将内容打印到屏幕

sed -n ‘1,4 w out.txt‘
a.txt

将一至四行，写入到out.txt 文件

sed -n ‘2，$ w out.txt‘
a.txt

2至最后一行写入

sed -n ‘1~2 w out.txt‘
a.txt

1,3,5,7,..行写入

sed -n ‘/Jane/ w out.txt‘
a.txt

sed -n ‘/Jane/ p‘ a.txt
> out.txt

sed -n ‘Jason,4 w
out.txt‘ a.txt

….

sed
substitution command

sed
‘[address-range|pattern-range]
s/orginal-string/replacement-string/[substitute-flags]‘ input-file

sed ‘s/Manager/Director/‘
a.txt

用Director替换所有的Manager

sed
‘/Sales/s/Manager/Director/‘ a.txt

只对包含Sales的行进行替换

g flag

默认情况下，替换只替换每一行中第一次出现的pattern，而不是一行中所有的pattern

g可以替换所有的pattern

sed ‘s/a/A/g‘ a.txt

将所有的小写字母a替换为大写字母A

number
flag

sed ‘s/a/A/2‘ a.txt

每行的第二个小写字母a替换为大写字母A

print
flag

sed -n ‘s/John/Johnny/p‘
a.txt

打印所有被替换后的行

w
write flag

sed -n ‘s/John/Johnny/w
output.txt‘ a.txt

i
ignore case flag

sed ‘s/john/Johnny/i‘
a.txt

e
excute flag

execute as shell command

file.txt

/etc/passwd

/etc/group

sed ‘s/^/ls -l /e‘
file.txt

执行

ls -l /etc/passwd

ls -l /etc/group

sed
substition delimeter

sed ‘s/…/…/‘ a.txt

sed ‘s^…^…^‘ a.txt

sed ‘[email protected]…@…@‘ a.txt

sed ‘s!…!…!‘ a.txt

multiple
sustitute command affecting the same line

list of command

command-1 on the pattern
space

command-2 on the newly
changed pattern by command-1

….

sed ‘{

s/Developer/IT Manager/

s/Manager/Director/

}‘

a.txt

&
get matched pattern

sed
‘s/^[0-9][0-9][0-9]/[&]/g a.txt

101,…

[101],..

102,..

[102],…

sed
‘s/^.*/<&>/‘ a.txt

所有的行，前加<后加>

\1,
\2,..single group

sed ‘s/$[^,]*$.*/\1/g‘
a.txt

$[^,]*$

匹配到第一个非，的字符

用第一个匹配进行替换

sed ‘s/$[^:]$/\1/g‘
/etc/passwd

匹配第一个field

echo "The Geek
Stuff" | sed ‘s/$\b[A-Z]$/$\1$/g‘

(T)he (G)eek (S)tuff

Chapter
3

Regular
Expression basic

beginning of line

end of line

single character

zero or more occurences

one or more occurences

zero or one occurences

[0-9]

character class

or operation

sed -n ‘/101\|102/p‘ a.txt

{m}

exactly m occurrences

\{m\}

{m,n}

m to n occurrences

word boundary

back reference

sed -e ‘s/#.*//; /^$/ d‘
employee.txt

conver Dos file format to
Unix file format

sed ‘s/.$//‘ filename

Chapter
4

Sed
execution

#sed comments begin with
#

to find the sed
interpreter, sed file begins with this line

#!/bin/sed -f

chmod u+x script.sed

./script.sed input.txt

first line

#!/bin/sed -nf

suppress the output

‘-i
modifye the input file

sed -i ‘s/John/Johnny/‘
a.txt

replace and modify a.txt

sed -ibak
‘s/John/Johnny/‘ a.txt

replace and modify a.txt

also save a copy of a.txt
as a.txtbak

Chapter
5 Addition Sed Commands

a
append line

sed ‘[address] a
the-line-to-append‘ input-file

sed ‘2 a 203,Jack
Johnson,Engineer‘ employee.txt

第二行后添加

sed ‘$ a 106,Jack
Johnson,Engineer‘ employee.txt

最后一行后添加

sed ‘/Jason/a\

203,Jack
Johnson,Engineer\

204,Mark Smith,Sales
Engineer‘ employee.txt

有Jason的行后添加两行

i-command
insert before

sed ‘[address] i
the-line-to-append‘ input-file

c-command
change line, replace it with the specified

sed ‘[address] c
the-line-to-append‘ input-file

sed ‘/Jason/ {

204,Jack Johnson,Engineer

202,Mark Smith,Sales
Engineer

203,Joe Mason,Sysadmin

}‘ employee.txt

l:
print hidden characters

sed -n l a.txt

=:
show print line number

sed = a.txt

sed ‘/Jane/ =‘ a.txt

sed -n ‘/Raj/ =‘ a.txt

just show the number of
the line containig Raj

sed -n ‘$ =‘ a.txt

show the total number of
lines

y:
transform operation

sed ‘y/abcde/ABCDE/‘
a.txt

字母对应替换： a-A, b-B, c-C,
d-D, e-E

multiple
inputs in command line

sed -n ‘/root/p‘
/etc/passwd /etc/group

q:
quit command

r:
read from file to print

sed ‘$ r log.txt‘ a.txt

print a.txt & log.txt

sed ‘/Raj/ r log.txt‘
a.txt

print the first line in
a.txt containing Raj

and then print log.txt

simulating
unix command

grep -v Jane employee.txt

sed -n ‘/Jane/ !p‘
employee.txt

options
summary

-n

suprress the default
printing

-f

sed command in file

-e

execute sed command

-i

change the original file

-l

sepecify the line length

-l 20

or ‘l 20‘

n:
print current pattern space and fetchs the next line fro mthe input-file

Chapter
6 Sed Hold and Pattern Space Commands

Pattern Space

the internal sed buffer
where sed places, and modifies, the line it reas from the input file

Hold Space

additional buffer where
sed hold temporary data

support move data from
between Pattern Space and Hold Space

but cannot execute sed
command on hold space

Contents is retained from
one cycle to the next, not deleted between cycles

swap pattern space with
hold space

better for the two
consecutive lines with one case infor

John Doe

CEO

Jason Smith

IT Manager

Raj Reddy

Sysadmin

sed -n -e ‘{x;n}‘ -e
‘/Manager/ {x;p}‘ a.txt

copy pattern space to
hold space

sed -n -e ‘/Manager/ !h‘
-e ‘/Manager/{x;p}‘ a.txt

/Manager/!h

if line doesn‘t contain
Manager, then copy

append pattern space to
hold space

sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘
-e ‘/Manager/{H;x;p}‘ a.txt

after appending, it will
be line2\nline1 with in two lines

sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘
-e ‘/Manager/{H;x;s/\n/:/;p}‘ a.txt

copy hold space to
pattern space

sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘
-e ‘/Manager/{g;p}‘

append hold space to
pattern space

sed -n -e ‘/Manager/!h‘
-e ‘/Manager/{x;G;s/\n/:/;p}‘ empnametitle.txt

Chapter
7 Sed Multi-Line Commands and Loops

append next line to
pattern space

sed -e ‘{N; s/\n/:/}‘
a.txt

sed -e ‘=‘ employee.txt |
sed -e ‘{N;s/\n/ /}‘

print line numbers

???????????

loop
and branch

:label

defines the label

b label

branches the execution
flow to the label

#!/bin/sed -nf

h;n;H;x

s/\n/:/

/Manager/!b end

s/^/*/

:end

?????????????????///

Sed 整理

时间： 2024-10-12 12:50:06

Sed 整理

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