【恢复，1】 redo 日志恢复的各种情况

Recovering After the Loss of Online Redo Log Files

If a media failure has affected the online redo logs of a database, then the appropriate
recovery procedure depends on the following considerations:

• The configuration of the online redo log: mirrored or non-mirrored
• The type of media failure: temporary or permanent
• The types of online redo log files affected by the media failure: current, active, unarchived, or inactive

Table 30-3 displays V$LOG status information that can be crucial
in a recovery situation involving online redo logs.

Table 30-3 STATUS Column of V$LOG

Recovering After Losing a Member of a Multiplexed Online Redo Log Group

You can recover after losing a member of a multiplexed online redo log group. The database continues to function as usual during the following conditions:

If the online redo log of a database is multiplexed, and if at least one member of each online redo log group is not affected by the media failure, then the database continues functioning as usual, but error messages are written to
the log writer trace file and the alert_SID.log of the database.

You can resolve the problem of a missing member of a multiplexed online redo log group by taking one of the following actions:

• If the hardware problem is temporary, then correct it. The log writer process accesses the previously unavailable online redo log files as if the problem never existed.
• If the hardware problem is permanent, then drop the damaged member and add a new member by using the following procedure.

  Note:

  The newly added member provides no redundancy until the log group is reused.

1. Locate the file name of the damaged member in V$LOGFILE. The status is INVALID if the file is inaccessible:

   SELECT GROUP#, STATUS, MEMBER
   FROM V$LOGFILE
   WHERE STATUS=‘INVALID‘;
   
   GROUP#    STATUS       MEMBER
   -------   -----------  ---------------------
   0002      INVALID      /disk1/oradata/trgt/redo02.log
   

2. Drop the damaged member. For example, to drop member redo02.log from group 2, issue the following statement:

   ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE MEMBER ‘/disk1/oradata/trgt/redo02.log‘;
   

3. Add a new member to the group. For example, to add redo02.log to group 2, issue the following statement:

   ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER ‘/disk1/oradata/trgt/redo02b.log‘
     TO GROUP 2;
   

   If the file that you want to add exists, then it must be the same size as the other group members, and you must specify the REUSE option. For example:

   ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER ‘/disk1/oradata/trgt/redo02b.log‘
     REUSE TO GROUP 2;

Recovering After Losing All Members of an Online Redo Log Group

丢失online redo 日志组所有成员后恢复

If a media failure damages all
members of an online redo log group, then different scenarios can occur depending on the type of online redo log group affected by the failure and the archiving mode of the database.

如果介质故障损坏所有的日志组的成员，不同场景下发生的失败影响依赖于日志组类型和数据库的归档模式。

If the damaged online redo log group is current and active, then it is needed for crash recovery; otherwise, it is not. Table
30-4 outlines the various recovery scenarios.

如果损坏的当前日志组时current和active，那么需要做故障恢复。

Table 30-4 Recovering After the Loss of an Online Redo Log Group

To determine whether the damaged group is active or inactive.

确定损坏的组是否是acitve 或inactive

1. Locate the file name of the lost redo log in V$LOGFILE and then look for the group number corresponding to it. For
   example, enter:

   SELECT GROUP#, STATUS, MEMBER FROM V$LOGFILE;
   
   GROUP#    STATUS       MEMBER
   -------   -----------  ---------------------
   0001                    /oracle/dbs/log1a.f
   0001                    /oracle/dbs/log1b.f
   0002      INVALID       /oracle/dbs/log2a.f
   0002      INVALID       /oracle/dbs/log2b.f
   0003                    /oracle/dbs/log3a.f
   0003                    /oracle/dbs/log3b.f
   

2. Determine which groups are active.

   For example, execute the following SQL query (sample output included):

   SELECT GROUP#, MEMBERS, STATUS, ARCHIVED
   FROM V$LOG;
   
   GROUP#  MEMBERS           STATUS     ARCHIVED
   ------  -------           ---------  -----------
    0001   2                 INACTIVE   YES
    0002   2                 ACTIVE     NO
    0003   2                 CURRENT    NO
   

3. Perform one of the following actions:
   • If the affected group is inactive, then follow the procedure in "Losing an
     Inactive Online Redo Log Group".
   • If the affected group is active (as in the preceding example), then follow the procedure in "Losing
     an Active Online Redo Log Group".

Losing an Inactive Online Redo Log Group

丢失inactive 日志组

If all members of an online
redo log group with INACTIVE status are damaged, then the procedure depends on whether you can fix the media problem that damaged the inactive redo log group. If the failure is temporary, then fix the problem. The log writer
can reuse the redo log group when required. If the failure is permanent, then the damaged inactive online redo log group eventually halts normal database operation. Reinitialize the damaged group manually by issuing the ALTER DATABASE
CLEAR LOGFILE statement as described in this section.

inactive状态的日志组所有成员损坏。那么程序依赖于你能否定位inactive日志组的介质问题(日志文件是否损坏)，如果介质故障是临时的，log writer 能重新使用 日志组。如果介质故障是永久的，那么损坏的inactive日志组最终会停止正常的数据库操作。通过执行alter database CLEAR LOGFILE语句手动的重新初始化损坏的日志组。

Clearing Inactive, Archived Redo

清除inactive 已归档的日志

You can clear an inactive redo log group when the database is open or closed. The procedure depends on whether the damaged group has been archived.

数据库开启或关闭都能 clear inactive 日志组。依赖于损坏的日志组是否归档。

To clear an inactive, online redo log group that has been archived:

1. If the database is shut down, then start a new instance and mount the database:

   STARTUP MOUNT
   

2. Reinitialize the damaged log group. For example, to clear redo log group 2, issue the following statement:

   ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 2;
   

Clearing Inactive, Unarchived Redo

清除 inactive 未归档的日志

Clearing a not-yet-archived redo log allows it to be reused without archiving it. This action makes backups unusable if they were started before the last change in the log, unless the file was taken offline before the first change
in the log. Hence, if you need the cleared log file for recovery of a backup, then you cannot recover that backup. Clearing a not-yet-archived-redo-log, prevents complete recovery from backups due to the missing log.

清除的没有归档的日志允许被被重用。如果日志的最后一次改变之前开始， 这个操作会导致备份不可用，除非日志文件在第一次改变之前被置为offline。此后，如果你需要被清除的日志去做备份恢复，是不能备份恢复的。

To clear an inactive, online redo log group that has not been archived:

清除一个inactive ，日志没有归档：

1. If the database is shut down, then start a new instance and mount the database:

   SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
   

2. Clear the log using the UNARCHIVED keyword.

   For example, to clear log group 2, issue the following SQL statement:

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR UNARCHIVED LOGFILE GROUP 2;
   

   If there is an offline data file that requires the cleared log to bring it online, then the keywords UNRECOVERABLE DATAFILE are required. The data file must be
   dropped because the redo logs necessary to bring the data file online are being cleared, and there is no copy of it. For example, enter:

   如果有一个数据文件offline， 需要清除日志后使数据文件上线，那么此时需要使用关键字UNRECOVERABLE DATAFILE.数据文件必须被删除因为

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR UNARCHIVED LOGFILE GROUP 2 UNRECOVERABLE DATAFILE;
   

3. Immediately back up all data files in the database with an operating system utility, so that you have a backup you can use for complete recovery without relying on the cleared log group. For example, enter:

   立即备份所有的数据文件使用操作系统工具，以至于你有一个不用依赖被清除的日志组就能做完全恢复的备份，

   % cp /disk1/oracle/dbs/*.dbf /disk2/backup
   

4. Back up the database‘s control file with the ALTER DATABASE statement. For example, enter:

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO ‘/oracle/dbs/cf_backup.f‘;
   

Failure of CLEAR LOGFILE Operation

失败的清除日志文件操作

The ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE statement
can fail with an I/O error due to media failure when it is not possible to:

alter database clear logfile 语句如果不能做下面的操作 会失败由于介质故障导致的io错误，

• Relocate the redo log file onto alternative media by re-creating it under the currently configured redo log file name

  通过当前配置的日志文件的名称重新创建日志文件 迁移日志日志到另外的介质上

• Reuse the currently configured log file name to re-create the redo log file because the name itself is invalid or unusable (for example, due to media failure)

  重新使用当前的配置日志文件的名称去重新创建日志文件因为他自己的名字是无效的或者不可用。

In these cases, the ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE statement
(before receiving the I/O error) would have successfully informed the control file that the log was being cleared and did not require archiving. The I/O error occurred at the step in which the CLEAR LOGFILE statement
attempted to create the new redo log file and write zeros to it. This fact is reflected in V$LOG.CLEARING_CURRENT.

在这些情况下，alter database clear logfile 语句

Losing an Active Online Redo Log Group

If the database is still running and the lost active redo log is not the current log, then issue the ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT statement.
If the operation is successful, then the active redo log becomes inactive, and you can follow the procedure in "Losing
an Inactive Online Redo Log Group". If the operation is unsuccessful, or if your database has halted, then perform one of procedures in this section, depending on the archiving mode.

The current log is the one LGWR is currently writing to. If a LGWR I/O operation fails, then LGWR terminates and the instance fails. In this case, you must restore
a backup, perform incomplete recovery, and open the database with the RESETLOGS option.

Recovering from the Loss of Active Logs in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

In this scenario, the database archiving mode is NOARCHIVELOG.

To recover from the loss of an active online log group in NOARCHIVELOG mode:

1. If the media failure is temporary, then correct the problem so that the database can reuse the group when required.
2. Restore the database from a consistent, whole database backup (data files and control files). For example, enter:

   % cp /disk2/backup/*.dbf $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/trgt/
   

3. Mount the database:

   STARTUP MOUNT
   

4. Because online redo logs are not backed up, you cannot restore them with the data files and control files. To allow the database to reset the online redo logs, you must first mimic incomplete recovery:

   RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CANCEL
   CANCEL
   

5. Open the database using the RESETLOGS option:

   ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
   

6. Shut down the database consistently. For example, enter:

   SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
   

7. Make a whole database backup.

If the media failure is temporary, then correct the problem so that the database can reuse the group when required. If
the media failure is not temporary, then use the following procedure.

Recovering from Loss of Active Logs in ARCHIVELOG Mode

In this scenario, the database archiving mode is ARCHIVELOG.

To recover from loss of an active online redo log group in ARCHIVELOG mode:

1. Begin incomplete media recovery, recovering up through the log before the damaged log.
2. Ensure that the current name of the lost redo log can be used for a newly created file. If not, then rename the members of the damaged online redo log group to a new location. For example, enter:

   ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE "/disk1/oradata/trgt/redo01.log" TO "/tmp/redo01.log";
   ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE "/disk1/oradata/trgt/redo02.log" TO "/tmp/redo02.log";
   

3. Open the database using the RESETLOGS option:

   ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
   

   Note:

   All updates executed from the end point of the incomplete recovery to the present must be re-executed.

Loss of Multiple Redo Log Groups

If you have lost multiple groups of the online redo log, then use the recovery method for the most difficult log to recover. The order of difficulty, from most difficult to least
difficult, is as follows:

1. The current online redo log
2. An active online redo log
3. An unarchived online redo log
4. An inactive online redo log

   来源： <http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/backup.112/e10642/osadvsce.htm#BRADV99985>