WebApi 服务监控

本文主要介绍在请求WebApi时，监控Action执行的时间，及Action传递的参数值，以及Http请求头信息。采用log4net记录监控日志，通过日志记录的时间方便我们定位哪一个Action执行的时间过长，进而采取优化的手段。

监控日志监控的指标如下图

监控程序实现

改监控程序主要继承ActionFilterAttribute类，在命名空间：System.Web.Http.Filters中，重写OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext) 和OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)两个方法。在上一篇文章介绍MVC的监控也是重写ActionFilterAttribute类，但是MVC的ActionFilterAttribute在System.Web.Mvc命名空间下。

1、监控日志对象

/// <summary>
    /// 监控日志对象
    /// </summary>
    public class WebApiMonitorLog
    {
        public string ControllerName
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public string ActionName
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public DateTime ExecuteStartTime
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public DateTime ExecuteEndTime
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 请求的Action 参数
        /// </summary>
        public Dictionary<string, object> ActionParams
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Http请求头
        /// </summary>
        public string HttpRequestHeaders
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 请求方式
        /// </summary>
        public string HttpMethod
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 请求的IP地址
        /// </summary>
        public string IP
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取监控指标日志
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="mtype"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetLoginfo()
        {
            string Msg = @"
            Action执行时间监控：
            ControllerName：{0}Controller
            ActionName:{1}
            开始时间：{2}
            结束时间：{3}
            总 时 间：{4}秒
            Action参数：{5}
            Http请求头:{6}
            客户端IP：{7},
            HttpMethod:{8}
                    ";
            return string.Format(Msg,
                ControllerName,
                ActionName,
                ExecuteStartTime,
                ExecuteEndTime,
                (ExecuteEndTime - ExecuteStartTime).TotalSeconds,
                GetCollections(ActionParams),
                 HttpRequestHeaders,
                IP,
                HttpMethod);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取Action 参数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Collections"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetCollections(Dictionary<string, object> Collections)
        {
            string Parameters = string.Empty;
            if (Collections == null || Collections.Count == 0)
            {
                return Parameters;
            }
            foreach (string key in Collections.Keys)
            {
                Parameters += string.Format("{0}={1}&", key, Collections[key]);
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Parameters) && Parameters.EndsWith("&"))
            {
                Parameters = Parameters.Substring(0, Parameters.Length - 1);
            }
            return Parameters;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取IP
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetIP()
        {
            string ip = string.Empty;
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_VIA"]))
                ip = Convert.ToString(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"]);
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip))
                ip = Convert.ToString(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_ADDR"]);
            return ip;
        }

    }

2、监控程序

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public class WebApiTrackerAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute//, ExceptionFilterAttribute
    {
        private readonly string Key = "_thisWebApiOnActionMonitorLog_";
        public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
            WebApiMonitorLog MonLog = new WebApiMonitorLog();
            MonLog.ExecuteStartTime = DateTime.Now;
            //获取Action 参数
            MonLog.ActionParams = actionContext.ActionArguments;
            MonLog.HttpRequestHeaders = actionContext.Request.Headers.ToString();
            MonLog.HttpMethod = actionContext.Request.Method.Method;

            actionContext.Request.Properties[Key] = MonLog;
            var form=System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Form;
            #region 如果参数是实体对象，获取序列化后的数据
            Stream stream = actionContext.Request.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync().Result;
            Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
            stream.Position = 0;
            string responseData = "";
            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, encoding))
            {
                responseData = reader.ReadToEnd().ToString();
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(responseData) && !MonLog.ActionParams.ContainsKey("__EntityParamsList__"))
            {
                MonLog.ActionParams["__EntityParamsList__"] = responseData;
            }
            #endregion
        }

        public override void OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext)
        {
            WebApiMonitorLog MonLog = actionExecutedContext.Request.Properties[Key] as WebApiMonitorLog;
            MonLog.ExecuteEndTime = DateTime.Now;
            MonLog.ActionName = actionExecutedContext.ActionContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName;
            MonLog.ControllerName = actionExecutedContext.ActionContext.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName;
            Log.Info(MonLog.GetLoginfo());
            if (actionExecutedContext.Exception != null)
            {
                string Msg = string.Format(@"
                请求【{0}Controller】的【{1}】产生异常：
                Action参数：{2}
               Http请求头:{3}
                客户端IP：{4},
                HttpMethod:{5}
                    ", MonLog.ControllerName, MonLog.ActionName, MonLog.GetCollections(MonLog.ActionParams), MonLog.HttpRequestHeaders, MonLog.GetIP(), MonLog.HttpMethod);
                Log.Error(Msg, actionExecutedContext.Exception);
            }
        }

    }

3、引用监控

我们可以在每个WebApiController类上或Action上直接引用 [WebApiTracker]即可完成对该WebApiController或Action的监控。

我们也可以在Global.asax中注册全局监控，这样我们就可以监控每一个WebApiController中的Action，代码如下：

 protected void Application_Start()
        {

            GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Filters.Add(new WebApiTrackerAttribute());
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
        }

LoggerHelper 参考下面文章

MVC监控：http://www.cnblogs.com/lc-chenlong/p/4228639.html