转自: http://blog.csdn.net/kkdelta/article/details/5488430
Spring在解析完配置文件后,会调用一些callback方法,使用Spring的开发者可以通过提供这些callback方法达到对Spring Container的扩展.
1. 通过实现BeanPostProcessor来完成对某些Bean的一些定制, BeanPostProcessor定义了两个方法, postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)和postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)。 postProcessBeforeInitialization会在Spring对bean初始化完成之后 , 依赖注册(对property指定的成员变量完成了赋值)已经完成 , 但是Container还没有调用申明的initialization方法(如afterPropertiesSet, init-method)之前被调用.postProcessAfterInitialization会在在Container调用申明的initialization方法(如afterPropertiesSet)之后被调用.如果需要有多个实现了BeanPostProcessor的类,可以通过让其实现Ordered接口来控制这些类的callback被调用的顺序。这种bean的post-processor一般用来检查bean是否实现了某个接口 , 或者把bean包装成某个proxy,Spring的AOP某些框架类就是实现了BeanPostProcessor.
例:
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, InvocationHandler { private Object proxyobj; public MyBeanPostProcessor() { } public MyBeanPostProcessor(Object obj) { proxyobj = obj; } public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization Bean ‘" + beanName + "‘ created : " + bean.toString()); if (bean instanceof Intf) { Class cls = bean.getClass(); return Proxy.newProxyInstance(cls.getClassLoader(), cls .getInterfaces(), new MyBeanPostProcessor(bean)); } else { return bean; } } public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization Bean ‘" + beanName + "‘ created : " + bean.toString()); return bean; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { System.out.println("proxy is " + proxy.getClass().getName()); System.out.println("before calling " + method); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { System.out.println(args[i] + ""); } } Object o = method.invoke(proxyobj, args); System.out.println("after calling " + method); return o; } } public interface Intf { public String testFunc(); } public class IntfBean implements Intf { private String strVal = "default value"; @Override public String testFunc() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return strVal; } } <bean id="IntfBean" class="com.test.spring.extent.IntfBean" /> <bean class="com.test.spring.extent.MyBeanPostProcessor" />
注意这里实现BeanPostProcessor的类是针对Ioc容器里其他的bean调用这两个方法,不是针对BeanPostProcessor自身和其他BeanPostProcessor调用这两个方法, 如果在配置文件里就只有BeanPostProcessor本身, 没有其他的bean, 如只有<beanclass="com.test.spring.extent.MyBeanPostProcessor"/>配置,postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization这两个方法是不会被调用的.BeanPostProcessor会在普通bean被初始化之前先被容器初始化.
调用代码:
Intf intfBean = (Intf) ctx.getBean("IntfBean");
System.out.println(intfBean.testFunc());
这样,MyBeanPostProcessor会把实现Intf接口的bean包装成一个proxy.
2. 通过实现BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口来操作配置文件,对配置的元数据进行特制。 Spring IoC容器允许BeanFactoryPostProcessor在容器实际实例化任何其它的bean之前读取配置元数据,并有可能修改它。Spring自身的PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer 就实现了这个接口 , 通过对XML配置文件中使用占位符 , PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer从别的property文件中读取值进行替换。
例子:从ext.properties读取值替换${TEST.PROP1},${TEST.PROP2}.
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="locations" value="classpath:conf/ext.properties" /> <property name="properties"> <value>TEST.PROP3=inside property</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="PropReplaceBean" class="com.test.spring.extent.PropReplaceBean"> <property name="strVal" value="${TEST.PROP1}" /> <property name="intVal" value="${TEST.PROP2}" /> <property name="insideProp" value="${TEST.PROP3}" /> </bean>
通常比较有用的场景是数据库的url,用户名,密码的配置,还可以用来动态指定某个bean的类名,把XMl文件和property文件分开维护更容易。
<bean id="xxxBean" class="${com.xxx.class}"/>
自定义的BeanFactoryPostProcessor,通过实现Ordered接口可以改变被callback的顺序。 callback方法中的ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory提供了配置文件的元数据。(*碰到一个困惑的问题是: PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的order是 Integer.MAX_VALUE,却发现它比自己定义的order 为-1的 processor先执行.)
<bean class="com.test.spring.extent.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor" /> public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor, Ordered { private int order = -1; public void setOrder(int order) { this.order = order; } public int getOrder() { return this.order; } @Override public void postProcessBeanFactory( ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory .getBeanDefinition("PropReplaceBean"); MutablePropertyValues pvs = beanDefinition.getPropertyValues(); PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues(); for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) { System.out.println(pv.getName() + " " + pv.getValue().getClass()); } } }
Spring检测到BeanPostProcessor和BeanFactoryPostProcessor后会由容器自动调用它们的callback方法,不用在代码里主动的去调用.