javaFX 可以通过css来设计界面。javafx中的css只是w3c css2.1规范的一个扩展和子集，并不完全支持所有的css特性。

javafx中的css元素必须有-fx-前缀。

一、介绍

java8中新增了javafx.css开放了css相关api。

选择器分类：

Type选择器：通过Node的getTypeSelector可以获取

id选择器：通过设定id=属性（注意这里的id不是fx:id）

styleClass属性： styleClass可以使用class选择器

选择器命名规范：如ToggleButton需要写成：toggle-button

与w3c css语法的一些区别：

1.不支持@font?face, @-keyword 等

2.不支持层次伪类选择器

3.伪类:active,:focus等，在Nodes中变为:pressed, :focused

4.超链接伪类:link,:visited变为:visited

5.javafx中不支持逗号序列的值，如不能再-fx-font-family以逗号分隔同时指导fontsize等

6.javafx css使用HSB颜色模型代替HSL

7、javafx css不会对uri进行编码

关于Inheritance继承

举例：

Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
scene.getStylesheets().add(“test.css”);
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(100,100);
rect.setLayoutX(50);
rect.setLayoutY(50);
rect.getStyleClass().add("my-rect");
((Group)scene.getRoot()).getChildren().add(rect);

.my-rect { -fx-fill: red; }

.my-rect {
    -fx-fill: yellow;
    -fx-stroke: green;
    -fx-stroke-width: 5;
    -fx-stroke-dash-array: 12 2 4 2;
    -fx-stroke-dash-offset: 6;
    -fx-stroke-line-cap: butt;
}

语法排错：

WARNING: com.sun.javafx.css.parser.CSSParser declaration Expected ‘<percent>‘ while parsing ‘-fx-background-color‘ at ?[1,49]

<url>[line, position]

Types

inherit

boolean

string

number

integer

size

angle

point {x,y}

percentage %

uri

url(http://example.com)

effect:

 javafx css支持DropShadow与InnerShadow

dropshadow( <blur-type> , <color> , <number>
, <number> , <number> , <number> )

innershadow(
<blur-type> , <color> , <number> , <number> , <number> , <number> )

<blur-type> = [ gaussian | one-pass-box | three-pass-box | two-pass-box ]

font

-fx-font-family:
[serif/sans-serif/cursive/fantasy/monospace]

-fx-font-size

-fx-font-style:
[normal| italic | oblique]

-fx-font-weight:
[normal| bold| bolder| lighter| 100| ...|900]

-fx-font:

[[ <font-style> || <font-weight> ]? <font-size> <font-family> ]

paint

<color> | <linear-gradient> | <radial-gradient> | <image-pattern>

<repeating-image-pattern>

Linear Gradients <linear-gradient>

linear-gradient( [ [from <point> to <point>]
| [ to <side-or-corner>], ]? [ [ repeat | reflect ], ]? <color-stop>[, <color-stop>]+)

t from top left to bottom right of the filled area with red at the
top left corner and black at the bottom right.

linear-gradient(to
bottom right, red, black)

linear-gradient(from 0% 0% to 100% 100%, red 0%, black 100%)

create
a 50px high bar at the top with a 3 color gradient with white underneath for the rest of the filled area.

linear-gradient(from
0px 0px to 0px 50px, gray, darkgray 50%, dimgray 99%, white)

Radial
Gradient <radial-gradient>

radial-gradient([ focus-angle <angle>, ]? [ focus-distance <percentage>, ]? [ center <point>, ]? radius [ <length> | <percentage> ] [ [ repeat | reflect ], ]?<color-stop>[, <color-stop>]+)

radial-gradient(radius 100%, red, darkgray, black)

radial-gradient(focus-angle 45deg, focus-distance 20%, center 25% 25%, radius 50%, reflect, gray, darkgray 75%, dimgray)

Image Paint <image-pattern>

image-pattern(<string>,
[<size>, <size>, <size>, <size>[, <boolean>]?]?)

<string> The
URL of the image.

<size> The x origin
of the anchor rectangle.

<size> The y origin
of the anchor rectangle.

<size> The
width of the anchor rectangle.

<size> The
height of the anchor rectangle.

<boolean> The
proportional flag which indicates whether start and end locations are proportional or absolute

image-pattern("images/Duke.png")

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 20%, 20%, 80%, 80%)

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 20%, 20%, 80%, 80%, true)

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 20, 20, 80, 80, false)

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, false)

repeating-image-pattern("com/mycompany/myapp/images/Duke.png")

color

.button
{

-fx-background-color: red;

}

looked-up
Colors:很有用的一个特性可以引用颜色值，举例秒懂

.root
{ abc: #f00 }

.button { -fx-background-color: abc }

rgb
colors:

.label { -fx-text-fill: #f00 } /* #rgb */

• .label { -fx-text-fill: #ff0000 } /* #rrggbb */
• .label { -fx-text-fill: rgb(255,0,0) }
• .label { -fx-text-fill: rgb(100%, 0%, 0%) }
• .label { -fx-text-fill: rgba(255,0,0,1) }

javafx一些类中的css属性：

Stage

PopupWindow没有可以被css styled的properties，但是PopupWindow可以有自己的scene，可以通过scene的root节点

root.popup来进行styled

Nodes

Node类：

-fx-blend-mode; -fx-cursor; -fx-effect; -fx-focus-tranversable; -fx-opacity;

-fx-rotate; -fx-scale-x/y/z; -fx-translate-x/y/z

visibility:[ visible | hidden | collapse | inherit ]

伪类：disabled,focused,hover,pressed,show-mnemonic

Scene:

ImageView: -fx-image

Region:

没一个Region包含：

1. background fills： -fx-background-color/radius/insets
2. background images : -fx-background-image/repeat/position/size
3. border strokes: -fx-border-color/syle/width/radius/insets
4. border images: -fx-border-image-source/repeat/slice/width/insets
5. contents:

Region的形状相关：-fx-shape; -fx-scale-shape

-fx-min-width, -fx-pref-width; -fx-max-width

FlowPane:

-fx-hgap; -fx-vgap;-fx-alignment;-fx-orientation

GridPane

-fx-hgap; -fx-vgap; -fx-alignment; -fx-grid-lines-visible

HBox

-fx-spacing; -fx-alignment;-fx-fill-height

Shape

-fx-fill; -fx-smooth; -fx-stroke; -fx-stroke-type; -fx-stroke-dash-array/offset; -fx-stroke-line-cap/join

-fx-stroke-miter-limit; -fx-stroke-width

Text

-fx-font; -fx-text-alignment; -fx-underline

Button

伪类：cancel , default,armed

Cell

伪类：empty,filled,selected

CheckBox

伪类：selected,determinate,indeterminate

CheckMenuItem:
伪类：selected

ComboBox:

伪类：editable,showing,armed

Control:

-fx-skin: -fx-focus-taversable

Hyperlink

-fx-cursor

伪类：visited

ListView:

-fx-orientation

伪类：horizentat,vertical

Menu:

伪类：showing

ProgressIndicator

-fx-indeterminate-segment-count

-fx-progress-color

-fx-spin-enabled

伪类：determinate,indeterminate

ProgressBar

-fx-indeterminate-bar-length/escape/flip/animation-time

ScrollBar

-fx-orientation; -fx-block-increment;-fx-unit-increment

伪类：vertical, horizental

TextInputControl

-fx-prompt-text-fill; -fx-highlight-fill; -fx-dislay-caret

补充

关于长度单位的补充：

Relative

• px: pixels, relative to the viewing device
• em: the ‘font-size‘ of the relevant font
• ex: the ‘x-height‘ of the relevant font

Absolute

• in: inches — 1 inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters.
• cm: centimeters
• mm: millimeters
• pt: points — the points used by CSS 2.1 are equal to 1/72nd of an inch.
• pc: picas — 1 pica is equal to 12 points.

关于角度的补充

• deg: angle in degrees - all other angle units are converted to degrees.
• rad: angle in radians
• grad: angle in gradians
• turn: angle in turns

关于常见颜色的补充：

javafx之CSS初探,布布扣,bubuko.com