Oracle Study之--Oracle 单实例11.2.0.1.0升级到11.2.0.3.0
系统环境：
操作系统：RedHat EL6(64位）
Oracle： Oracle 11gR2
Oracle 11.2.0.1 单实例升级到11.2.0.3
Oracle 升级的步骤都差不多，先升级Oracle software，然后升级Oracle instance。
Oracle 11.2.0.2的patchset No 是：10098816。 关于该Patchset 的下载地址，参考下面的链接：
Oracle 11.2.0.2 Patch 说明 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/44230.htm
Oracle11.2.0.3 的Patchset no是：10404530，下载地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/44229.htm
Oracle 11.2.0.3 Patchset 下载地址
patchset 有7个文件，关于这7个文件的不同作用，参考：
Oracle 11gR2 Patchset 不同文件作用说明 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-09/43889.htm
我们升级DB， 只需要其中的第一个和第二个文件。将2个文件解压缩，然后将第二个文件的内容copy到第一个文件的对应目录里。即将2个文件合成一个文件。
一.查看DB 相关的信息
32位的DB：
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba‘
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jun 24 14:20:50 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
prod
查看 Oracle 是32位还是64位的方法 http://blog.csdn.net/lqx0405/article/details/46621697
二.升级的相关说明
2.1 Patchset 的说明
内容copy 自patchset的readme 文档：
Oracle Databasepatch set, release 11.2.0.3（11.2.0.2） is a full installation of the Oracle Database software. This meansthat you do not need to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1)before installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3/11.2.0.2).
Oracle 11.2.0.2 和 11.2.0.3 的patchset都是完整的安装包。所以可以直接用来安装。
Note the following changes with the newpatch set packaging:
（1）Newinstallations consist of installing the most recent patch set, rather thaninstalling a base release and then upgrading to a patch release.
（2）Directupgrades from previous releases to the most recent patch set are supported.
（3）Out-of-placepatch set upgrades recommended, in which you install the patch set into a new,separate Oracle home. In-place upgrades are supported, but not recommended.
2.1.1 In-Place Upgrade
This feature enablesyou to upgrade an existing installation of Oracle database to Oracle Database11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) into the same Oracle home directory by replacingthe existing database files. The patch set application requires more downtimeand is
not recommended. This upgrade type requires less disk space.
将升级文件安装到原来的Oracle home 目录，这样可以节省磁盘空间，但是需要更多的downtime。 这种并不推荐。
2.1.2 Out-of-Place Upgrade
This featureenables you to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) in a new,separate Oracle home directory. After the installation is complete, the datafrom the database in the old Oracle home directory is migrated to the databasein the new
Oracle home directory.
可以将Oracle Database 安装的新的OracleHome directory，当安装结束后，旧的database 会迁移到新的Oracle homedirectory。
Out-of-placeupgrade process is similar to Oracle database upgrade from one version toanother and is the recommended type. The benefits of this upgrade type is thatthe patch set application requires much less downtime, and is safer when thepatch set application
must be aborted. This upgrade type requires more diskspace to accommodate two Oracle home directories simultaneously.
这种方法是oracle推荐的方式，它可以降低downtime 时间，也相对更安全。但是这种方法需要2倍的地盘空间，不过对与现在白菜价硬盘来说，这点空间也不算什么了。
2.2 升级步骤
Oracle 10g的Readme上有详细的升级步骤，但是11g的Readme上并没有详细的升级说明，需要参考官方文档。
Oracle 10g upgrade from10.2.0.1 to 10.2.0.4 见 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-05/35997.htm
（1） 备份数据库
（2） 运行patchset，升级oracle 软件
（3） 准备新的ORACLE_HOME
（4） 运行dbua 或者脚本升级实例
（5） 检查升级后的版本信息和无效对象
官网地址：
Upgrading to theNew Release
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e23633/upgrade.htm#i1011372
单实例的升级，相对较简单，如果是RAC的升级，估计还要麻烦一点，11gR2 RAC 升级后面会继续进行测试。
三.升级Oracle 软件
3.1 备份DB
本机是测试环境，就不进行备份，如果是生产环境，切记要先备份，后操作。
如果是In-Place Upgrade，同时备份一下整个ORACLE_HOME目录。 如果升级有问题，还可以还原回来。
重点是如下目录：
ORACLE_HOME/dbs
ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
ORACLE_HOME/hostname_dbname
ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_hostname_dbname
3.2 升级Oracle database 软件
将升级包解压，11.2.0.3总共7个升级包，只需要前两个
[[email protected] ~]# su - oracle
[[email protected] ~]$ cd soft
[[email protected] soft]$ ls -l
total 2442052
-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1358454646 Jul 7 2013 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1142195302 Jul 7 2013 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[[email protected] soft]$ unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip ;unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
...... creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/1/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/Expanded/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/Expanded/filegroup1/ inflating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/Expanded/filegroup1/Seed_Database.ctl inflating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/Expanded/filegroup1/Seed_Database.dfb inflating: database/stage/Components/oracle.rdbms.install.seeddb/11.2.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/filegroup2.jar creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.sysman.console.db/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.sysman.console.db/11.2.0.3.0/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.sysman.console.db/11.2.0.3.0/1/ creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.sysman.console.db/11.2.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/ ......
解压后，生成database文件夹：
[[email protected] soft]$ ls -l
total 2442056
drwxr-xr-x 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 database
-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1358454646 Jul 7 2013 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1142195302 Jul 7 2013 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
查看database文件夹：
[[email protected] soft]$ cd database/ [[email protected] database]$ ls doc install readme.html response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html
[[email protected] database]$ cd stage/
[[email protected] stage]$ ls Actions install1.jar products.xml ComponentList install2.jar properties Components invDetails.properties Queries config.xml libs.xml shiphomeinfo.properties cvu oracle.server.11_2_0_3_0_1316280737644.bak shiphomeproperties.xml Dialogs oracle.server.11_2_0_3_0_1316280738235.bak sizes ext oracle.server.11_2_0_3_0_dep_default.properties TopLevel_UserAction.properties fastcopy oracle.server.11_2_0_3_0.xml UserActions fastcopy.xml OuiConfigVariables.xml globalvariables productlanguages.properties
[[email protected] stage]$ du -sh Components 2.3G Components
升级前对数据库进行备份：
[[email protected] stage]$ mkdir /dsk1/backup
[[email protected] stage]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 24 11:38:23 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> run {
2> startup mount;
3> backup database format '/dsk1/backup/%d_%s.bak';
4> backup current controlfile format '/dsk1/backup/control.bak';
5> }
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2213936 bytes
Variable Size 297797584 bytes
Database Buffers 113246208 bytes
Redo Buffers 4288512 bytes
Starting backup at 24-JUN-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUN-15
......
RMAN> list backup of database;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 1.00G DISK 00:00:58 24-JUN-15
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150624T113940
Piece Name: /dsk1/backup/PROD_1.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1066745 24-JUN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
2 Full 1066745 24-JUN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1066745 24-JUN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 1066745 24-JUN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
5 Full 1066745 24-JUN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
<strong>关闭数据库准备升级：</strong>
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
本次采用Out-of-Place Upgrade，所以将11.2.0.3的软件安装到不同的目录下：
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1
[[email protected] ~]$ cat .bash_profile
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_SID=prod
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
#export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.3/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
umask 022
运行Patchset 的runInstaller：
注意这里，我们选择第三个选项，skip software update，因为我们的patchset已经下载过了
安装11.2.0.3.0软件
执行root.sh脚本（以root身份）：
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
将原目录（11.2.0.1.0） 下的文件拷贝到新的目录（11.2.0.3.0）下：
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs [[email protected] dbs]$ ls hc_DBUA0.dat hc_prod.dat init.ora lkPROD orapwprod snapcf_prod.f spfileprod.ora [[email protected] dbs]$ cp * /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/ [[email protected] dbs]$ cd ../network/admin/ [[email protected] admin]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin [[email protected] admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst tnsnames.ora [[email protected] admin]$ cp -R * /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/network/admin/
修改/etc/cattab文件：
[[email protected] admin]$ cat /etc/oratab # # This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh # and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating # a database. # A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates # the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments. # # Entries are of the form: # $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>: # # The first and second fields are the system identifier and home # directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates # to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not, # "N", be brought up at system boot time. # # Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed. # # prod:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N 修改为： [[email protected] admin]$ cat /etc/oratab # # This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh # and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating # a database. # A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates # the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments. # # Entries are of the form: # $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>: # # The first and second fields are the system identifier and home # directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates # to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not, # "N", be brought up at system boot time. # # Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed. # # prod:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1:N
---至此，Oracle软件升级完成！
四、升级数据字典（Instance）
Instance启动到upgrade状态：
[[email protected] admin]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba‘
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Jun 24 14:06:04 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup upgrade;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2228944 bytes
Variable Size 297798960 bytes
Database Buffers 113246208 bytes
Redo Buffers 4272128 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
prod OPEN MIGRATE
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql
执行完成后，关闭数据库，在重新正常启动数据库：
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Dec 8 04:13:52 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 208769024 bytes
Fixed Size 2226936 bytes
Variable Size 142607624 bytes
Database Buffers 58720256 bytes
Redo Buffers 5214208 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
编译无效的对象：
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
......
TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP UTLRP_BGN 2015-06-24 15:59:15
DOC> The following PL/SQL block invokes UTL_RECOMP to recompile invalid
DOC> objects in the database. Recompilation time is proportional to the
DOC> number of invalid objects in the database, so this command may take
DOC> a long time to execute on a database with a large number of invalid
DOC> objects.
OBJECTS WITH ERRORS
-------------------
0
DOC> The following query reports the number of errors caught during
DOC> recompilation. If this number is non-zero, please query the error
DOC> messages in the table UTL_RECOMP_ERRORS to see if any of these errors
DOC> are due to misconfiguration or resource constraints that must be
DOC> fixed before objects can compile successfully.
DOC>#
ERRORS DURING RECOMPILATION
---------------------------
4
Function created.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Function dropped.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
验证升级结果：
SQL> set linesize 120
SQL> r
1* select comp_name,version,status from sys.dba_registry
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------
OWB 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Application Express 3.2.1.00.10 VALID
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Spatial 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Multimedia 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle XML Database 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Text 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Expression Filter 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Rules Manager 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------
Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Database Packages and Types 11.2.0.3.0 INVALID
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle XDK 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle Database Java Packages 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
Oracle OLAP API 11.2.0.3.0 VALID
18 rows selected.
修改兼容性参数：
SQL> show parameter comp
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offload_compaction string ADAPTIVE
compatible string 11.2.0.0.0
nls_comp string BINARY
plsql_v2_compatibility boolean FALSE
SQL> alter system set compatible=‘11.2.0.3‘ scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2228944 bytes
Variable Size 390073648 bytes
Database Buffers 20971520 bytes
Redo Buffers 4272128 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter comp
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offload_compaction string ADAPTIVE
compatible string 11.2.0.3
nls_comp string BINARY
plsql_v2_compatibility boolean FALSE
-----至此，整个升级过程结束！