这篇来学习下Cobar的具体使用配置
场景:
系统对外提供的数据库名是UserCenter,并且其中有一张表u_user
该表的一部分数据被映射到物理数据库alicobar_test_master的u_user上,另外一部分数据被映射到物理数据库alicobar_test_shard的u_user上。
一.环境准备
OS:CentOS6.4 64位
DB:MySQL5.6.22
JDK:1.7
Cobar:1.2.7
MySQL-master 192.168.89.4 端口3306 用户名:alicobar 密码:alicobarpwd123
MySQL-backup 192.168.89.5 端口3306 用户名:alicobar 密码:alicobarpwd123
cobar-server 192.168.66.89
schema:alicobar_test_master、alicobar_test_shard,table:u_user 脚本如下:
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`alicobar_test_master` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */; USE `alicobar_test_master`; /*Table structure for table `u_user` */ CREATE TABLE `u_user` ( `code` bigint(19) NOT NULL, `mobile` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, `email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `nickname` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `create_time` datetime NOT NULL, `modify_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `status` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户状态:1 = 启用;2 = 禁用;... ...', PRIMARY KEY (`code`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='--用户信息'
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`alicobar_test_shard` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */; USE `alicobar_test_shard`; /*Table structure for table `u_user` */ CREATE TABLE `u_user` ( `code` bigint(19) NOT NULL, `mobile` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, `email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `nickname` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `create_time` datetime NOT NULL, `modify_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `status` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户状态:1 = 启用;2 = 禁用;... ...', PRIMARY KEY (`code`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='--用户信息';
二.部署和配置
MySQL主主同步就不再这里详细说明了,可以参考官网手册
1.安装JDK配置JAVA环境变量JAVA_HOME
下载JDK1.7 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
安装过程就不说了,下面简单说下安装后配置
vi /etc/profile 在文本末尾添加
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_75
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_75/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
添加java_home环境变量后,使profile立即生效
source /etc/profile
2.安装cobar
下载地址:https://github.com/alibaba/cobar/wiki
下载Cobar压缩文件并解压,进入conf目录可以看到schema.xml, rule.xml, server.xml等相关的配置文件
schema.xml配置如下(注意:schema.xml包含MySQL的IP、端口、用户名、密码等配置,您需要按照注释替换为您的MySQL信息。)
[[email protected] conf]# more schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE cobar:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <cobar:schema xmlns:cobar="http://cobar.alibaba.com/"> <!-- schema定义 --> <schema name="UserCenter" dataNode="node1"> <table name="u_user" dataNode="node1,node2" rule="rule1" /> </schema> <!-- 数据节点定义,数据节点由数据源和其他一些参数组织而成。--> <dataNode name="node1"> <property name="dataSource"> <dataSourceRef>source-master[0]</dataSourceRef> <dataSourceRef>source-backup[0]</dataSourceRef> </property> <!--Cobar与后端数据源连接池大小设置--> <property name="poolSize">256</property> <!--Cobar通过心跳来实现后端数据源HA,一旦主数据源心跳失败,便切换到备数据源上工作--> <!--Cobar心跳是通过向后端数据源执行一条SQL语句,根据该语句的返回结果判断数据源的运行情况--> <property name="heartbeatSQL">select user()</property> </dataNode> <dataNode name="node2"> <property name="dataSource"> <dataSourceRef>source-master[1]</dataSourceRef> <dataSourceRef>source-backup[1]</dataSourceRef> </property> <!--Cobar与后端数据源连接池大小设置--> <property name="poolSize">256</property> <!--Cobar通过心跳来实现后端数据源HA,一旦主数据源心跳失败,便切换到备数据源上工作--> <!--Cobar心跳是通过向后端数据源执行一条SQL语句,根据该语句的返回结果判断数据源的运行情况--> <property name="heartbeatSQL">select user()</property> </dataNode> <!-- 数据源定义,数据源是一个具体的后端数据连接的表示。--> <dataSource name="source-master" type="mysql"> <property name="location"> <location>192.168.89.4:3306/alicobar_test_master</location> <!--注意:替换为您的MySQL IP和Port--> <location>192.168.89.4:3306/alicobar_test_shard</location> </property> <property name="user">alicobar</property> <!--注意:替换为您的MySQL用户名--> <property name="password">alicobarpwd123</property> <!--注意:替换为您的MySQL密码--> <property name="sqlMode">STRICT_TRANS_TABLES</property> </dataSource> <dataSource name="source-backup" type="mysql"> <property name="location"> <location>192.168.89.5:3306/alicobar_test_master</location> <location>192.168.89.5:3306/alicobar_test_shard</location> </property> <property name="user">alicobar</property> <property name="password">alicobarpwd123</property> <property name="sqlMode">STRICT_TRANS_TABLES</property> </dataSource> </cobar:schema>
rule.xml配置如下(本文以数字类型的code字段作为拆分字段,将数据拆分到两个库中。)
more rule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE cobar:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd"> <cobar:rule xmlns:cobar="http://cobar.alibaba.com/"> <!-- 路由规则定义,定义什么表,什么字段,采用什么路由算法 --> <tableRule name="rule1"> <rule> <columns>code</columns> <algorithm><![CDATA[ func1(${code}) ]]></algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <!-- 路由函数定义 --> <function name="func1" class="com.alibaba.cobar.route.function.PartitionByLong"> <property name="partitionCount">2</property> <property name="partitionLength">512</property> </function> </cobar:rule>
server.xml配置如下
more server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE cobar:server SYSTEM "server.dtd"> <cobar:server xmlns:cobar="http://cobar.alibaba.com/"> <!-- 系统参数定义,服务端口、管理端口,处理器个数、线程池等。 --> <!-- <system> <property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property> <property name="initExecutor">16</property> <property name="timerExecutor">4</property> <property name="managerExecutor">4</property> <property name="processors">4</property> <property name="processorHandler">8</property> <property name="processorExecutor">8</property> <property name="clusterHeartbeatUser">_HEARTBEAT_USER_</property> <property name="clusterHeartbeatPass">_HEARTBEAT_PASS_</property> </system> --> <!-- 用户访问定义,用户名、密码、schema等信息。 --> <user name="test"> <property name="password">test</property> <property name="schemas">UserCenter</property> </user> <!-- <user name="root"> <property name="password"></property> </user> --> <!-- 集群列表定义,指定集群节点的主机和权重,用于集群间的心跳和客户端负载均衡。 --> <!-- <cluster> <node name="cobar1"> <property name="host">127.0.0.1</property> <property name="weight">1</property> </node> </cluster> --> <!-- 隔离区定义,可以限定某个主机上只允许某个用户登录。 --> <!-- <quarantine> <host name="1.2.3.4"> <property name="user">test</property> </host> </quarantine> --> </cobar:server>
三.启动和使用Cobar
1.启动Cobar,进入bin目录可以看到Cobar的启动、停止与重启脚本
报没有log目录,我们新建一个,再次启动
查看logs目录下stdout.log, 启动成功日志如下
[[email protected] logs]# more stdout.log
17:31:10,939 INFO ===============================================
17:31:10,940 INFO Cobar is ready to startup ...
17:31:10,940 INFO Startup processors ...
17:31:10,974 INFO Startup connector ...
17:31:10,975 INFO Initialize dataNodes ...
17:31:11,140 INFO node1:0 init success
17:31:11,142 INFO node2:0 init success
17:31:11,150 INFO CobarManager is started and listening on 9066
17:31:11,152 INFO CobarServer is started and listening on 8066
17:31:11,152 INFO ===============================================
访问Cobar同访问MySQL的方式完全相同
常用访问方式如下(注意:本文将Cobar部署在192.168.66.89这台机器上,否则请替换为您的Cobar所在IP,其他信息不变)
SQL执行语句时与使用传统单一数据库无区别
[[email protected] cobar-server-1.2.7]# mysql -h192.168.66.89 -utest -ptest -P8066 -DUserCenter
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.1.48-cobar-1.2.7 Cobar Server (ALIBABA) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +------------+ | DATABASE | +------------+ | UserCenter | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables; +----------------------+ | Tables_in_UserCenter | +----------------------+ | u_user | +----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.05 sec) mysql>
至此配置完成!