目录
- 复习
- 今日
- 签发token
- 校验token
- 案例:实现多方式登陆签发token
- 案例:自定义认证反爬规则的认证类
- admin使用自定义User表:新增用户密码密文
- 群查接口各种筛选组件数据准备
- drf搜索过滤组件
- drf排序过滤组件
- drf基础分页组件
复习
"""
频率组件:限制接口的访问频率
源码分析:初始化方法、判断是否有权限方法、计数等待时间方法
自定义频率组件:
class MyThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope = 'sms'
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
# 从request的 query_params、data、META 及 view 中 获取限制的条件
return '与认证信息有关的动态字符串'
settings文件中要有scope对应的rate配置 {'sms': '3/min'}
jwt认证:
1)session存储token,需要数据库参与,耗服务器资源、低效
2)缓存存token,需要缓存参与,高效,不易集群
3)客户端存token,服务器存签发与交易token的算法,高效,易集群
drf-jwt使用:
安装:djangorestframework-jwt
视图类签发token - username,password => token
认证类校验token - token => user
jwt格式:基本信息(头base64).用户信息过期时间(载荷base64).所有信息+秘钥(签名HS256)
"""
今日
"""
1、drf-jwt手动签发与校验
2、drf小组件:过滤、筛选、排序、分页 => 针对与群查接口
"""
签发token
源码入口
# 前提:给一个局部禁用了所有 认证与权限 的视图类发送用户信息得到token,其实就是登录接口
# 1)rest_framework_jwt.views.ObtainJSONWebToken 的 父类 JSONWebTokenAPIView 的 post 方法
# 接受有username、password的post请求
# 2)post方法将请求数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理
# 完成数据的校验,会走序列化类的 全局钩子校验规则,校验得到登录用户并签发token存储在序列化对象中
核心源码:rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer的validate(self, attrs)方法
def validate(self, attrs):
# 账号密码字典
credentials = {
self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field),
'password': attrs.get('password')
}
if all(credentials.values()):
# 签发token第1步:用账号密码得到user对象
user = authenticate(**credentials)
if user:
if not user.is_active:
msg = _('User account is disabled.')
raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
# 签发token第2步:通过user得到payload,payload包含着用户信息与过期时间
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
# 在视图类中,可以通过 序列化对象.object.get('user'或者'token') 拿到user和token
return {
# 签发token第3步:通过payload签发出token
'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload),
'user': user
}
else:
msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.')
raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
else:
msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".')
msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field)
raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
手动签发token逻辑
# 1)通过username、password得到user对象
# 2)通过user对象生成payload:jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload
# from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
# 3)通过payload签发token:jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token
# from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
校验token
源码入口
# 前提:访问一个配置了jwt认证规则的视图类,就需要提交认证字符串token,在认证类中完成token的校验
# 1)rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 父类 BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 authenticate 方法
# 请求头拿认证信息jwt-token => 通过反爬小规则确定有用的token => payload => user
核心源码:rest_framework_jwt.authentication.BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication的authenticate(self, request)方法
def authenticate(self, request):
"""
Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been
supplied using JWT-based authentication. Otherwise returns `None`.
"""
# 带有反爬小规则的获取token:前台必须按 "jwt token字符串" 方式提交
# 校验user第1步:从请求头 HTTP_AUTHORIZATION 中拿token,并提取
jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request)
# 游客
if jwt_value is None:
return None
# 校验
try:
# 校验user第2步:token => payload
payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value)
except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
msg = _('Signature has expired.')
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
except jwt.DecodeError:
msg = _('Error decoding signature.')
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed()
# 校验user第3步:token => payload
user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)
return (user, jwt_value)
手动校验token逻辑
# 1)从请求头中获取token
# 2)根据token解析出payload:jwt_decode_handler(token) => payloay
# from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
# 3)根据payload解析出user:self.authenticate_credentials(payload) => user
# 继承drf-jwt的BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication,拿到父级的authenticate_credentials方法
案例:实现多方式登陆签发token
models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
class Meta:
db_table = 'api_user'
verbose_name = '用户表'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.username
serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
import re
# 拿到前台token的两个函数: user => payload => token
# from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
# jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
# jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
# 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key,所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应
# 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化,要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段
# 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only
# 4) 在自定义校验规则中(局部钩子、全局钩子)校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token
# 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 自定义反序列字段:一定要设置write_only,只参与反序列化,不会与model类字段映射
usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.User
fields = ['usr', 'pwd', 'username', 'mobile', 'email']
# 系统校验规则
extra_kwargs = {
'username': {
'read_only': True
},
'mobile': {
'read_only': True
},
'email': {
'read_only': True
},
}
def validate(self, attrs):
usr = attrs.get('usr')
pwd = attrs.get('pwd')
# 多方式登录:各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户
if re.match(r'[email protected]+', usr):
user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr):
user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
else:
user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
user_obj = user_query.first()
# 签发:得到登录用户,签发token并存储在实例化对象中
if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
# 签发token,将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
# 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中
self.user = user_obj
self.token = token
return attrs
raise serializers.ValidationError({'data': '数据有误'})
views.py
#实现多方式登陆签发token:账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆
# 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
# 2) 拿到前台登录信息,交给序列化类
# 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
# 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
import re
from . import serializers, models
from utils.response import APIResponse
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
class LoginAPIView(APIView):
# 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
authentication_classes = []
permission_classes = []
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 2) 拿到前台登录信息,交给序列化类,规则:账号用usr传,密码用pwd传
user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data)
# 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data)
# "一根筋" 思考方式:所有逻辑都在视图类中处理
def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
usr = request.data.get('usr')
pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
if re.match(r'[email protected]+', usr):
user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr):
user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
else:
user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
user_obj = user_query.first()
if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
return APIResponse(results={'username': user_obj.username}, token=token)
return APIResponse(data_msg='不可控错误')
案例:自定义认证反爬规则的认证类
authentications.py
import jwt
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
jwt_token = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION')
# 自定义校验规则:auth token jwt
token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token)
if token is None:
return None
try:
# token => payload
payload = jwt_decode_handler(token)
except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
raise AuthenticationFailed('token已过期')
except:
raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户')
# payload => user
user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)
return (user, token)
# 自定义校验规则:auth token jwt,auth为前盐,jwt为后盐
def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token):
tokens = jwt_token.split()
if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != 'auth' or tokens[2].lower() != 'jwt':
return None
return tokens[1]
views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
# 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
# 自定义jwt校验规则
from .authentications import JWTAuthentication
class UserDetail(APIView):
authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication]
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})
admin使用自定义User表:新增用户密码密文
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
# 自定义User表,admin后台管理,采用密文密码
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
add_fieldsets = (
(None, {
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('username', 'password1', 'password2', 'mobile', 'email'),
}),
)
admin.site.register(models.User, MyUserAdmin)
群查接口各种筛选组件数据准备
models.py
class Car(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name='车名')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='价格')
brand = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='品牌')
class Meta:
db_table = 'api_car'
verbose_name = '汽车表'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
admin.py
admin.site.register(models.Car)
serializers.py
class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Car
fields = ['name', 'price', 'brand']
views.py
# Car的群查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
urls.py
url(r'^cars/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),
drf搜索过滤组件
views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
# 第一步:drf的SearchFilter - 搜索过滤
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
filter_backends = [SearchFilter]
# 第三步:SearchFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?search=...
search_fields = ['name', 'price']
# eg:/cars/?search=1,name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出
drf排序过滤组件
views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
# 第一步:drf的OrderingFilter - 排序过滤
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]
# 第三步:OrderingFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?ordering=...
ordering_fields = ['pk', 'price']
# eg:/cars/?ordering=-price,pk,先按price降序,如果出现price相同,再按pk升序
drf基础分页组件
pahenations.py
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
# ?page=页码
page_query_param = 'page'
# ?page=页面 下默认一页显示的条数
page_size = 3
# ?page=页面&page_size=条数 用户自定义一页显示的条数
page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
# 用户自定义一页显示的条数最大限制:数值超过5也只显示5条
max_page_size = 5
views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
# 如果queryset没有过滤条件,就必须 .all(),不然分页会出问题
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义,继承drf提供的分页类即可
pagination_class = pagenations.MyPageNumberPagination
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/suwanbin-thought/p/11728125.html
时间: 2024-10-02 09:28:16