[Python自学] restframework

一、数据序列化的几种方式

在Django的视图函数中，我们从数据库中获取数据，由以下几种方式将其序列化成JSON数据：

1.方式一

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        publish_list = list(Publish.objects.all().values())
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(publish_list))

通过list强转的方式。

前台接收到的数据：

[{"id": 1, "name": "\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 2, "name":
"\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 3, "name": "\u90ae\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}, {"id": 4, "name": "\u56db\u5ddd\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}]

2.方式二

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        temp = []
        for obj in publish_list:
            temp.append({
                ‘id‘: obj.id,
                ‘name‘: obj.name,
                ‘email‘: obj.email
            })

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp))

通过字段拼接的方式。

使用model_to_dict方法来将对象转换成字典：

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        temp = []
        for obj in publish_list:
            temp.append(model_to_dict(obj))

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp))

前台接收到的数据：

[{"id": 1, "name": "\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 2, "name":
"\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 3, "name": "\u90ae\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}, {"id": 4, "name": "\u56db\u5ddd\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}]

3.方式三

利用django中的序列化组件：·

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        from django.core import serializers
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        ret = serializers.serialize("json", publish_list)

        return HttpResponse(ret)

前台接收到的数据：

[{"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}}, {"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}}, {"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "\u90ae\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}}, {"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "\u56db\u5ddd\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e",
"email": "[email protected]"}}]

4.方式四

利用restframework中的serializer：

from rest_framework import serializers

class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.EmailField()

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        # 如果序列化queryset，则需要参数many=True
        ps = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
        # 如果是queryset其中一个obj，则不需要many参数
        # ps = PublishSerializers(obj)
        return HttpResponse(ps.data)

这种方式的前提是安装djangorestframework。

前端接收到的数据：

OrderedDict([(‘name‘, ‘清华大学出版社‘), (‘email‘, ‘[email protected]‘)])OrderedDict([(‘name‘, ‘工业出版社‘), (‘email‘,
‘[email protected]‘)])OrderedDict([(‘name‘, ‘邮电出版社‘), (‘email‘, ‘[email protected]‘)])OrderedDict([(‘name‘, ‘四川文学出版社‘), (‘email‘,
‘[email protected]‘)])

数据是多个有序字典组成的列表。

二、安装restframe

pip install djangorestframework

三、POST请求的Content-Type

当我们使用postman发送POST请求时，选择form-data或x-www-form-urlencoded内容类型发送：

对应请求头中的Content-Type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded。

Django收到请求后，会将body中的数据a=1&b=2转化为request.POST字典。

<QueryDict: {‘a‘: [‘11‘], ‘b‘: [‘2‘]}>  # django自动帮我们将body中的数据转换为字典

但是，如果内容类型选择raw-->Json发送：

对应请求头中的Content-Type为application/json。

Django收到请求后，不会自动将其转换为request.POST。

<QueryDict: {}>  # 拿到的request.POST是空的

这时，我们通过request.body可以拿到原始的body数据：

b‘{"a":"1","b":"2"}‘

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/leokale-zz/p/12228597.html