kubernetes 1.15 install for kubeadm

kubernetes 1.15 install for kubeadm

安装条件

• 阿里云镜像服务器访问畅通
• dockerhub可以访问
• Centos7.7系统 Base-server方式安装
• 必要的docker k8s基础知识

集群创建前的准备

部署环境为nat模式下的内网服务器，即家庭网络环境、办公室网络环境

一、服务器环境初始化

• 设置hostname 在不同的机器上执行以下命令

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master001
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node001
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node002
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node003
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node004

修改/etc/sysconfig/network增加HOSTNAME=k8s-master001,注意更改为相应的主机名喔

• 关闭防火墙、swap、selinux

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
swapoff -a
sed -i ‘s/.*swap.*/#&/‘ /etc/fstab

• 修改内核参数、将桥接网卡的ipv4流量转发到iptables的链表

cat /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

• 执行sysctl 载入配置文件参数

modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl --system

• 增加ipvs的开启参数

cat /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4

• 增加ipvs.modules文件可执行权限

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
/bin/bash -x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
lsmod | grep "ip_vs" 

• 增加阿里云epelyum源

CentOS-Base有163的源,速度很快不用更换，如果是阿里云服务器建议使用阿里云CentOS-Base内网更快

yum install -y wget
#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all && yum makecache

• 增加k8s``docker-ceyum源

cat /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

该内容可以通过 opsx.alibaba.com搜索kubernetes``帮助获取
增加docker-ceyum源

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

• 安装依赖包

yum  -y install ipset ipvsadm yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

• 查看yum仓库中Docker版本 一定要加上--showduplicates参数，不然只会出现最新版本的rpm包

[[email protected] ~]# yum list docker-ce.x86_64  --showduplicates |sort -r
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Installed Packages
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.9-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.8-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                    @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                   docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 

• Install Docker

yum makecache fast
yum install -y --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-18.09.8-3.el7.x86_64
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

增加--setopt=obsoletes=0
obsoletes=value
…where value is one of:
0 — Disable yum‘s obsoletes processing logic when performing updates.
1 — Enable yum‘s obsoletes processing logic when performing updates. When one package declares in its spec file that it obsoletes another package, the latter package will be replaced by the former package when the former package is installed. Obsoletes are declared, for example, when a package is renamed. obsoletes=1 the default.

查看iptables filter表中FOWARD链表中策略是否为ACCEPT放行状态。如果不是执行iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

[[email protected] k8s-yum]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

查看Docker cgroup driver状态是否为systemd,如果不是systemd请修改配置文件改回systemd

[[email protected] ~]# docker info | grep Cgroup
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 cat /etc/docker/daemon.json #如果不是请修改配置文件
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

• 重启docker 使配置生效

systemctl restart docker

• Install kubeadm、kubelet

yum install -y kubelet-1.15.3-0.x86_64 kubeadm-1.15.3-0.x86_64 kubelet-1.15.3-0.x86_64

• kubelet启动并设置开机启动

systemctl start kubelet.service
systemctl enable kubelet.service

• 查看集群默认的初始化配置信息kubeadm config print init-defaults

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: k8s-master001
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.15.0
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}

其中advertiseAddress是指api-server的ip地址，也就是k8s-master001内网ip地址192.168.101.111。
serviceSubnet是集群将要采用的网段地址，我们使用10.244.0.0/16。

• 初始化k8s集群在k8s-master001上操作

kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.101.111 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap

执行后发现会报以下错误,这是因为无法访问k8s.gcr.io网站。

[[email protected] ~]# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.101.111 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
W0913 00:40:38.345859   31641 version.go:98] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: dial tcp: lookup dl.k8s.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:60967->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
W0913 00:40:38.346081   31641 version.go:99] falling back to the local client version: v1.15.3
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.15.3
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master001" could not be reached
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master001": lookup k8s-master001 on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:45558->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ‘kubeadm config images pull‘
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
        [ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup k8s.gcr.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:51990->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
, error: exit status 1
        [ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup k8s.gcr.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:43086->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
, error: exit status 1
        [ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup k8s.gcr.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:55885->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
, error: exit status 1
        [ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup k8s.gcr.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:48386->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
, error: exit status 1
        [ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup k8s.gcr.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:43804->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
, error: exit status 1
        [ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup k8s.gcr.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:49557->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
, error: exit status 1
        [ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup k8s.gcr.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:51683->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
, error: exit status 1
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`

• 换源设置改为阿里云,查看需要的容器镜像kubeadm config images list

[[email protected] ~]# kubeadm config images list
W0913 00:44:21.703361   32321 version.go:98] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: dial tcp: lookup dl.k8s.io on [::1]:53: read udp [::1]:37790->[::1]:53: read: connection refused
W0913 00:44:21.703519   32321 version.go:99] falling back to the local client version: v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1

• pull阿里云镜像Images更改tag 温馨提示:虽然是国内源但pull过程依然有些慢,建议冲杯咖啡、奶茶

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.15.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.3.10
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.3.1

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.15.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.3.10 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.3.1 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1

• 再次执行集群初始化操作

[[email protected] tmp]# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.101.111 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.15.3
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ‘kubeadm config images pull‘
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master001 localhost] and IPs [192.168.101.111 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master001 localhost] and IPs [192.168.101.111 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master001 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.101.111]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 44.009526 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.15" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master001 as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=‘‘"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master001 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: f3xr55.iv29dsas70lrf0jo
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.101.111:6443 --token f3xr55.iv29dsas70lrf0jo     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2f939d02abb31a087b4c3f4b1202c4efeaa6f9ee165abb705f8e2b19d41e132c 

• 根据输出提示进行以下操作

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

• 保存记录好节点加入集群命令

kubeadm join 192.168.101.111:6443 --token f3xr55.iv29dsas70lrf0jo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2f939d02abb31a087b4c3f4b1202c4efeaa6f9ee165abb705f8e2b19d41e132c

• 注意除了集群初始化操作在k8s-master001上执行,其它的操作每个节点都要执行

二、node节点加入集群

• 执行kubeadm join 输出以下信息即为成功,其中的WARNING是因为/etc/hosts没有配置,忽略即可没有影响

[[email protected] tmp]# kubeadm join 192.168.101.111:6443 --token f3xr55.iv29dsas70lrf0jo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2f939d02abb31a087b4c3f4b1202c4efeaa6f9ee165abb705f8e2b19d41e132c
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-node001" could not be reached
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-node001": lookup k8s-node001 on 192.168.100.37:53: no such host
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with ‘kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml‘
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.15" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run ‘kubectl get nodes‘ on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

• Tips:第三天k8s-node003加入集群报错

error execution phase preflight: couldn‘t validate the identity of the API Server: abort connecting to API servers after timeout of 5m0s

集群运行一段时间后 后续加入节点的时候提示上面这个错误,是mastertoken证书过期,好像有效期只有24小时,创建新的token即可解决，方法如下。

[[email protected] ~]# kubeadm token create
2cwxr3.01v9qv5kbt69fzxa
[[email protected] ~]# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | awk {‘print $2‘}
2f939d02abb31a087b4c3f4b1202c4efeaa6f9ee165abb705f8e2b19d41e132c

• 使用新token添加新节点

[[email protected] ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.101.111:6443 --token 2cwxr3.01v9qv5kbt69fzxa --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2f939d02abb31a087b4c3f4b1202c4efeaa6f9ee165abb705f8e2b19d41e132c

• 查看集群以及nodes状态

[email protected] ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok
controller-manager   Healthy   ok
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master001   NotReady   master   2h   v1.15.3
k8s-node001     NotReady   <none>   1h   v1.15.3

可以看到集群是健康的，但是node节点状态是notready这是因为我们仅仅创建了集群还没有安装网络插件

二、安装必要的插件、网络插件

• Installflannel网络插件

  [[email protected] k8s]# curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
  [[email protected] k8s]# cat kube-flannel.yml  | grep ‘"Network"‘
    "Network": "10.244.0.0/16"
  kubectl create -f  kube-flannel.yml

  配置文件网段和创建集群是的网段一致，此处不需要修改.

• 查看插件启动状态

  [[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
  NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
  coredns-5c98db65d4-6v8zm                1/1     Running   0          1h
  coredns-5c98db65d4-7xdsn                1/1     Running   0          1h
  etcd-k8s-master001                      1/1     Running   0          1h
  kube-apiserver-k8s-master001            1/1     Running   0          1h
  kube-controller-manager-k8s-master001   1/1     Running   0          1h
  kube-proxy-97jz2                        1/1     Running   0          1h
  kube-proxy-lftz2                        1/1     Running   0          1h
  kube-scheduler-k8s-master001            1/1     Running   0          1h

• kube-proxy更改为ipvs模式mode: ""更改为mode: "ipvs"

  kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n kube-system

• Install dashboard插件

  wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
  kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
  [email protected] k8s]# kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
  NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
  kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.111.189.89   <none>        443:32576/TCP   21s

  其状态一直是ImagePullBackOff

  [[email protected] tmp]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system   | grep kubernetes-dashboard
  pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d75c474bb-ljdhp   0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0          14m
  docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
  docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1

• 生成token dashboard登录支持Kubeconfig和token两种认证方式Kubeconfig中也依赖token

  kubectl create serviceaccount  dashboard-admin -n kube-system
  kubectl create clusterrolebinding  dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

• 获取 Dashboardtoken

[[email protected] tmp]# kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk ‘/dashboard-admin/{print $1}‘)

Name:         dashboard-admin-token-hqj4v
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 56931c3b-ce9d-456c-9e12-3597163fff47

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQv
c2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJkYXNoYm7hcmQtYWRtaW4tdG9rZW4taHFqNHYiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoiZGFzaGJvYXJkLWFkbWluIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY
291bnQudWlkIjoiNTY5MzFjM2ItY2U5ZC00NTZjLTllMTItMzU5NzE2M2ZmZjQ3Iiwic3ViIjoic3lzdGVtOnNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Omt1YmUtc3lzdGVtOmRhc2hib2FyZC1hZG1pbiJ9.sYIp7MzgFw6jSBRN63GX4y3j9yfyvYnmAw1BN4FsoiU5rdaSDle1lGWwleMGh
Y5lNHTpoQwUXAzl6uQmrhFCQPFsZZEIaPaSWEzHxuwmYO3uiaLcJB4_0wtC_DiKpLx_JV8NQwYmgAlgL2s2HxLeuweSHcMcxwIccA5CHdRPoh0_r6NjHc1yf4s6vzNQUpfNMj3k34_Oe7YmpU6eGFONvxzDigy5kWG4QDE4m3g4ceeYqjydJ_gRMjfu86E_VxGgbeILBK3OQd
GsqK8i5GZz8IziDOd3sYicHqbwDgGXiGZfPuqtu4FbDSKV1lZ8VWK0sRuuww3idCGuG7gzMkB2hw

• Install Helm Client

 wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v2.14.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
 tar -zxf helm-v2.14.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
 cp helm  /usr/local/bin/
 [[email protected] linux-amd64]# helm version
 Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.3",   GitCommit:"0e7f3b6637f7af8fcfddb3d2941fcc7cbebb0085", GitTreeState:"clean"}
 Error: could not find tiller

• Install Helm servertiller

 helm init --upgrade --tiller-image registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/tiller:v2.14.3
 [[email protected] k8s]#  kubectl get pod -n kube-system -l app=helm
 NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
 tiller-deploy-6867df9fc6-xh6hh   1/1     Running   0          112s
 [email protected] k8s]# helm version
 Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.3", GitCommit:"0e7f3b6637f7af8fcfddb3d2941fcc7cbebb0085", GitTreeState:"clean"}
 Server: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.3", GitCommit:"0e7f3b6637f7af8fcfddb3d2941fcc7cbebb0085", GitTreeState:"clean"}

• Tiller增加ServiceAccount

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: tiller
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: tiller
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: tiller
    namespace: kube-system

END

至此最小集群已经安装完成了,这里只安装了最核心的k8s服务。

参考文献
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/deployment_guide/sec-configuring_yum_and_yum_repositories
https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm

原文地址：https://blog.51cto.com/9095441/2442378